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武汉科技大学—学生翻译实践
以下内容为武汉科技大学学生最近一个月内的翻译实践成果
U.S. tariff tsunami wrecks disproportionate havoc on African economies

ADDIS ABABA, April 30 (Xinhua) -- Lesotho, a small southern African country and one of the world's least developed countries, is facing grave concerns after U.S. President Donald Trump imposed a 50 percent "reciprocal tariff" on it. The move threatens Lesotho's economy, which is heavily dependent on textile exports. The U.S. tariff policy has triggered widespread criticism and caused economic turmoil worldwide. For Africa, home to 33 of the world's 46 least developed countries, the impact poses a significant threat to their development and industrialization. Most African economies are still in the early stage of development, with limited diversification and resilience to external risk, especially given their reliance on exports. Being subject to high "reciprocal tariffs" in a limited trade with the United States is making their economies more vulnerable, revealing the disproportionate impact of the U.S. tariff policy. Critics, including U.S. media, have called the U.S. "trade loss theory" untenable and absurd, saying Lesothans spend only 3 U.S. dollars per person a year on U.S. goods and services, not because they are taking advantage of the country, but because they have no money. Carlos Lopes, former executive secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, said Lesotho exports over 50 percent of its garment products to the United States, adding that the tariffs will inflict severe pain on its garment processing industry, a key economic pillar, leading to declining exports, factory shutdowns and massive job cuts. Noting that African economies have worked hard to integrate into global value chains under the framework of a rules-based international trading system, Lopes said that countries such as Madagascar, Lesotho and Kenya "find themselves penalized," as they have developed export-oriented sectors such as apparel, textiles, light manufacturing and agro-processing, all of which are highly vulnerable to tariff shocks. Newcomers in the lower rungs of industrialization, after years of donor-supported economic liberalization, are being blindsided by a tariff measure that was applied without regard for development levels, he added. South Africa's automotive sector, which accounts for 22 percent of its total exports to the United States, is among those hardest hit by separate tariffs on foreign-made cars. U.S. tariffs will have a series of negative economic impacts on African countries. Falling export earnings lead to a reduction in foreign exchange reserves, placing downward pressure on national currencies. The depreciation, in turn, makes imports more expensive, driving up the cost of living in affected countries. Meanwhile, African countries' ability to pay debts will also be hampered due to declining export earnings and worsening economic outlooks, possibly triggering sovereign credit crises, and further weakening the ability of governments to fund development projects. The potential impact goes further beyond immediate trade disruptions. U.S. tariffs create difficulty for African enterprises to accumulate the capital needed for technological upgrading and industrial transformation through exports. As a result, Africa's industrialization process is being hindered, constraining it at the lower end of the global value chain. Balew Demissie, a senior consultant at the Policy Studies Institute of Ethiopia, warned that although Ethiopia is implementing an import substitution strategy, it has yet to import key mechanical equipment to make it happen. The depreciation of its currency will undoubtedly increase costs and hinder its efforts to move up the industrial chain. Facing uncertain U.S. trade policies, African countries are actively embracing the African Continental Free Trade Area deal, which aims to promote intra-African trade and investment by eliminating internal tariff barriers, establishing regional value chains, achieving economies of scale, and enhancing Africa's standing in the global trade landscape. By now, 47 out of the 55 members of the African Union have ratified the agreement. The World Bank estimates that by 2035, this agreement is expected to help lift 30 million Africans out of extreme poverty, raise Africa's total income by 450 billion dollars, and increase the continent's exports by nearly 29 percent.

2025-06-03 冉略 CATTI练笔 英-中
US$217 for an engineering degree: The cheapest countries for future engineers

A degree in engineering can promise you three things: employment prospects, financial goals and social recognition. Upon graduation, engineers have the highest average starting pay at a median annual wage of US$91,420, with over 195,000 job openings per year for the next decade or so, according to the US Bureau of Labour Statistics. However, despite all the benefits an engineering degree will reap, it is undoubtedly one of the most expensive programmes to pursue, especially for international students. College Tuition Compare shares that the average undergraduate tuition fees in top institutions cost an estimated US$49,854 for international students in the 2023/24 academic year. These costs add up tremendously, especially with living expenses such as rent, groceries, and transportation. But if you’re determined to fulfil your dreams of becoming an engineer, there are countries that offer quality programmes where you won’t have to break the bank to do so. The cheapest countries to pursue a degree in engineering Germany Not only is Germany known for its low living costs, but it is also known for its affordable engineering degrees. The country is probably most famously known for its public universities not charging low tuition fees, making it among the world’s cheapest countries for international students. The average tuition fee for international students in Germany’s public universities is around US$108 to US$324 (100 to 300 euros). If you choose to attend one of the country’s private universities, the fees can amount to US$5,401 to US$21,607 (5,000 to 20,000 euros). The country is also generous with its scholarships, with examples including the DAAD Scholarship and Humboldt Research Fellowship. It is also easier for international students to live and work in Germany upon their graduation now, thanks to initiatives like the Promotion of International Talent for Integration into Studies and the Labour Market, more commonly known as “FIT.” Some of Germany’s top universities include: Technical University of Munich Karlsruhe Institute of Technology RWTH Aachen University New Zealand Pursuing a degree in engineering in New Zealand has many benefits. Universities there are known for their practical teaching environments, globally recognised qualifications, and a chance to work in a high-demand industry with a strong focus on innovation and sustainability — all while enjoying a high quality of life. Depending on your chosen university, the tuition fee for a standard four-year engineering programme ranges from US$11,451 to US$25,765 (20,000 to 45,000 New Zealand dollars). More than that, there is a growing demand for engineers in the country. New Zealand is in chronic need of engineers to match the growing economy, meaning there could be more job opportunities for international students to fill. This makes it the perfect choice for international students looking to relocate overseas. Some of New Zealand’s best universities include: Victoria University of Wellington University of Canterbury University of Auckland China Considered the fastest-growing economy and the world’s largest education system, China boasts many ambitious and technical engineering courses. With plenty of new economic development and upcoming engineering projects, students will be exposed to an array of experiences in multiple sectors and disciplines. Most programmes here last four years, and the cheapest start from US$2,481 (18,000 Chinese yuan) a year. This makes pursuing your degree in engineering in China a bang for your buck, especially since some universities offer English-language courses. Some Chinese universities to check out: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zhejiang University Chongqing University Hong Kong Eight higher education institutions administered under Hong Kong’s University Grants Committee (UGC) will be upping their annual intake of international students from 3,000 to 6,000 for the 2024/25 academic year. This means that there’s no better time than now to pack your bags for Hong Kong and pursue that engineering degree from some of the best universities in Asia. A standard four-year programme here ranges from US$74,300 to US$93,000. Each university offers a range of financial aid and scholarships too, so seizing those opportunities could even lessen your financial burden. Explore these three Hong Kong universities: The University of Hong Kong City University of Hong Kong The Hong Kong Polytechnic University South Korea If you’ve ever visited South Korea, you’ll know that studying here is like a dream. The country expertly balances millennia of tradition with modern-day innovation, so much so that you’d be able to experience the upcoming world’s highest spokeless ferris wheel and the blossoming Haneul Park near each other. Earning a degree in engineering in South Korea will range from US$19,800 to US$38,965. While you might have to spend a year learning the language, picking up Korean could even help you gain a tuition fee waiver. Check out some of the top South Korean universities: Seoul National University Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) Yeungnam University Canada Compared to the UK, Australia or the US, Canada has a lower cost of living and cheaper tuition fees. It’s no different, even if you’re pursuing a more expensive degree such as engineering. Here, students will get the best of both worlds – a quality education at an affordable cost. Tuition fees range from approximately US$5,100 to US$14,600 per year. Canadian universities are known to include research components in their degree programmes, allowing students the opportunity to participate in exciting projects. Some of Canada’s top universities include: University of Alberta University of Waterloo University of British Columbia Norway Consider pursuing a degree in engineering here, as most public universities in Norway don’t charge tuition fees, even for international students. You’ll only have to pay for administrative fees, student union fees, and other general living costs if you choose to study engineering here. If you wish to enter a private university, tuition fees range between US$7,557 to US$9,717 (7,000 to 9,000 euros) for bachelor’s programmes, while master’s programmes cost between US$9,717 to US$20,514 (9,000 to 19,000 euros) a year. You don’t have to speak Norwegian either, as most universities offer programmes or international exchanges in English. Here are some universities to consider: Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU) University of Oslo Disclaimer: This article was last updated on March 25, 2025.

2025-05-19 王雨新 国际教育 英-中

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