什么是巡航速度

What is Cruise Speed?

飞机所装发动机每公里消耗燃油最小情况下的飞行速度称为巡航速度。

Cruise speed is defined as the flight velocity at which the aircraft’s installed engines achieve the minimum fuel consumption per kilometer flown.

在航空界，一般把适宜于持续进行的，接近于定常飞行的飞行状态称之为巡航。在此状态下的参数称为巡航参数，如巡航高度、巡航推力等等。巡航速度也是专机的巡航参数之一。巡航状态不是唯一的，每次飞行的巡航状态都取决于许多因素，如气象条件、装载、飞行距离、 经济性等等。 因此，各次飞行所选定的巡航参数(包括巡航速度)常有所不同。 同样是巡航，由于任务要求不一样，选定的巡航速度也就不一样。例如航程巡航、航时巡航、给定区间最小燃料消耗巡航等，虽然都要求飞机以比较省油、比较经济的速度巡航，但这些指标是有差别的。航程巡航要求飞机能以航程最远的巡航速度飞行;航时巡航则要求飞机能以留空时间最长的巡航速度飞行等等。为此，巡航速度又可细分为“远航速度”和“久航速度”等。

In the aviation sector, the state of flight conducive to sustained, near-constant velocity operation is generally termed cruise. Parameters established in this state are known as cruise parameters, such as cruise altitude and cruise thrust. Cruise speed is one of the key cruise parameters for any flight. The cruise phase is not monolithic; the specific cruise configuration for each flight is determined by numerous factors, including meteorological conditions, loading, flight distance, and economic objectives. Therefore, the selected cruise parameters (including cruise speed) frequently vary between flights. Even within the general concept of “cruise,” the chosen speed differs based on the mission requirement. For instance, there are different profiles such as Range Cruise, Endurance Cruise, and Minimum Fuel Cruise for a Given Segment. While all these profiles aim for fuel-efficient and economical flight, their specific metrics differ. Range Cruise demands the speed that maximizes distance capability, whereas Endurance Cruise requires the speed that maximizes time aloft. Consequently, cruise speed can be further sub-classified into terms like “Long-Range Speed” and “Maximum Endurance Speed.”