郑州航空工业管理学院
关注试译宝服务号
试译宝译后编辑实践平台
本校课程
翻译赏析（2018级）
45
翻译认知实践
100
英语基础训练
2
CATTI笔译备考课程
9
试译宝点评功能体验
30
好课推荐 前往试译宝，备考CATTI  MTI
高校专属
试译宝教师端操作指南(2019版)
186
高校专属
英语专八自练
468
郑州航空工业管理学院—学生翻译实践
以下内容为郑州航空工业管理学院学生最近一个月内的翻译实践成果
James Webb Space Telescope sees little red dots feeding black holes: 'This is how you solve a universe-breaking problem'

Astronomers may have "saved cosmology" by gathering the largest sample yet of some of the most ancient galaxies ever seen, the so-called "little red dots" observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The team behind this research found the majority of the ancient galaxies in their sample — which existed earlier than 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang — seem to host rapidly feeding, or "accreting," supermassive black holes. The research should put an end to claims that the JWST has "broken cosmology" with its detection of shockingly bright early galaxies that seemed to contain more stars than would be expected so early in the universe's history. Instead, this new survey suggests that much of the light from these little red dots comes from the turbulent conditions generated by the feasting cosmic titans at their hearts. "We're confounded by this new population of objects that the JWST has found. We don't see analogs of them at lower redshifts [corresponding to smaller distances], which is why we haven't seen them prior to the JWST," team leader Dale Kocevski of Colby College said in a statement. "There's a substantial amount of work being done to try to determine the nature of these little red dots and whether their light is dominated by accreting black holes." Upon their discovery back in 2022, astronomers already knew that the JWST's little red dots represented a new galaxy type that had never been seen before. They were also baffled by how common these galaxies seemed to be in the early universe. The team comprised their large sample of "little red dot" galaxies using data from the JWST surveys CEERS (Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science), JADES (JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey), the NGDEEP (Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public), and the RUBIES (Red Unknowns: Bright Infrared Extragalactic Survey). Particularly important to this little red dots research was data from the aptly named RUBIES project. This revealed to the team that approximately 70 percent of their sample galaxies showed evidence of gas whirling around at 2 million miles per hour (1,000 kilometers per second). This is a clear sign of a flattened cloud of gas and dust called an accretion disk feeding a supermassive black hole in a central galactic region known as an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Little red dot galaxies owe some of their coloration to a phenomenon called "redshift." As light from a galaxy travels toward Earth, the expansion of the universe stretches its wavelength, simultaneously lowering its frequency. This shifts the light toward the "red end" of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer the light travels, the more extreme this redshift effect is. Thus, ancient galaxies are described as "high redshift galaxies." After traveling for many billions of years, light shifts into the near-infrared or infrared wavelengths, which are the wavelengths the JWST is designed to see. "The most exciting thing for me is the redshift distributions. These really red, high-redshift sources basically stop existing at a certain point after the Big Bang," team member and University of Texas at Austin researcher Steven Finkelstein said. "If they are growing black holes, and we think at least 70% of them are, this hints at an era of obscured black hole growth in the early universe." You may have read headlines suggesting that "cosmology is broken" since the JWST started detecting these ancient little red dots. That is because scientists have been scratching their heads about how early galaxies grew to contain stellar populations large enough to pump out so much light when the 13.8 billion-year-old cosmos was no more than 12% of its current age. This discovery could help explain that puzzle. AGNs are extremely bright due to the turbulence created in accretion disks by the incredible gravitational influence of supermassive black holes with masses equivalent to millions or billions of suns. Thus, much of the light from these galaxies could be coming from feeding black hole-powered AGNs, not from stars. That means the population of stars in little red galaxies doesn't have to be paradigm-shatteringly high to explain their brightness. "This is how you solve the universe-breaking problem," team member and University of Texas at Austin scientist Anthony Taylor said. This doesn't mean that all the questions about little red dots have been addressed, however. One mystery that persists is the absence of less redshifted galaxies resembling these little red dots in the local universe. One possible explanation could be the "inside-out" growth of galaxies. Star formation within a galaxy spreads from its heart to its outskirts. That means that as a galaxy ages, the supernova deaths of stars are depositing less and less gas in the vicinity of the central accreting supermassive black hole. This means over time, the AGN becomes less obscured by surrounding dense gas and dust. As the black hole sheds its cocoon, pushing away matter with the powerful jets of plasma it launches, the galaxy becomes brighter in bluer wavelengths and less red ones, thus losing its little red dot status. Also supporting the idea of obscuration of AGNs as the cause of little red dots is the fact that these ancient galaxies are dim in high-energy X-ray light. This is not the case with feeding supermassive black holes closer to the Milky Way which are bright in X-rays. This could be because dense clouds of gas and dust are adept at absorbing X-rays, stunting the emission of this high-energy light. Thus, the lack of X-rays from little red dots could indicate densely-shrouded black holes. The team will now follow a multitude of avenues to better understand little red dot galaxies. This will include examining their sample of galaxies in mid-infrared light. A deeper view of little red dots and carefully selected follow-up observations could help finally solve the mystery of these challenging ancient galaxies. "There are always two or more potential ways to explain the confounding properties of little red dots," Kocevski said. "It's a continuous exchange between models and observations, finding a balance between what aligns well between the two and what conflicts." The team's results were presented at the 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in National Harbor, Maryland, on Tuesday (Jan. 15) and have been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.

2025-04-15 李伊 航空 英-中
Nikon 5x15 HG monocular review

With the promise of its stablemates, the Nikon 5x15 HG Monocular has a lot to live up to. We were amazed by the quality of this little monocular's images, which were clear and very sharp. The chassis is very solidly made and feels very comfortable. Although the unit isn't waterproof, it's so tiny that it can be stowed in a plastic bag and placed in a pocket, where it will be safe on beaches and long walks. With a magnification of 5x, the Nikon 5x15 HG is more for casual use on walks and anywhere you'd want to get a little closer to the action. Comfortable usage Simple, ergonomic design Stainless-steel chassis The Nikon 5x15 HG's streamlined design made it comfortable to use throughout our tests. There is 0.6 inch (15.8 millimeters) of eye relief, and the flat, rubber eyepiece allows for comfortable use with spectacles. The focus ring is at the ocular end, as is the case with some Porro prism designs, where the focusing system lies inside. However, the 5x15 HG has a roof prism design, and the ocular can be seen moving back and forth as the focus wheel is turned. The smooth mechanism matches the high quality usually found in Nikon's products. The location of the focus ring means the monocular must be used with two hands — one to hold the unit steady and the other to turn the focus. We easily mastered this in our test, and the compact design made the unit easy and quick to use. The eye relief is flat, with soft rubber around the lens. This design is comfortable but leaves the lens exposed to the elements. We found that it readily picked up lint and dirt and could cause damage if not used carefully. A gentle cleaner would be a good preventive measure. The stainless-steal housing feels very sturdy, giving our unit a pleasing weight. Good low-light performance, thanks to multi-coatings of the lens and prism Sharp, clear images Relatively large field of view The Nikon 5x15 HG Monocular has a 9-degree field of view, which is aided by the unit's 5x magnification. This means you can see more of the image than the one from the larger, 7x model. That's because as the magnification increases, the field of view decreases. This equates to a difference of 47 feet (14 meters) at 1,000 yards (914 m) between the two units. The smaller unit's wider field of view more than makes up for its smaller magnification. The 5x15 HG also features quality glass and glass coatings. As with most modern monoculars, the lenses are multicoated. Still, the 5x15 HG also has a silver-alloy reflective-coated roof prism, which is a step up from more affordable rivals' cheaper aluminum coatings. This results in a very clear and crisp image with a lot of extra detail. During the day, we found the 5x15 HG's image quality fantastic, which easily made up for its small 5x magnification. Watching moorhens on the riverbank from approximately 50 feet (15 m) away was an amazing experience. The contrast between the birds and the water and the light bouncing off the water's surface were comparable to images seen with top-end birding scopes. The colors were well rendered and distortion-free for almost the entire field of view; only at the very edge of the radius did the image start to deteriorate and become fuzzy. At 2.6 ounces (75 grams), the Nikon 5x15 HG Monocular is very light, which makes it very comfortable for long periods of use. Despite its small size, the 5x15 HG manages to provide clear and bright images thanks to the multi-coatings. We were impressed by the monocular's performance when we used it at an indoor theater production. The images were rendered with outstanding clarity and enhanced the stage production. In this setting, the 5x15 HG was a great performer. The 5x15 HG's small magnification makes it impossible to see distant stars and nebulas. However, you can still use it to observe the moon on a clear night. The low-light ability really comes into its own here. Solid, stainless-steel body Small, leather pouch Good close-focus performance The Nikon 5x15 HG Monocular's stainless-steel body feels sturdier and tougher than Nikon suggests, given the company's advice to keep the unit in perfectly dry conditions. This solid construction is supported by the focus mechanism, which is very smooth and has a well-engineered feel. However, we recommend you wrap the 5x15 HG in a plastic bag just in case. The accessories include a small, leather pouch, which wouldn't provide much protection on wet days. There's also a thin lanyard that can be worn around the neck, although it's not really necessary given the unit's small size. The 5x15 HG has a close focus range of 24 inches (61 cm), which makes for great close-ups in art galleries. With its low-light ability, this monocular is a real star in interior spaces. Thanks to the 5x15 HG's sharp image quality, we were able to get closer to paintings and see the mechanics of the artworks. Paint strokes were visible, and even bumps and marks became clear. We would have missed these details without the 5x15 HG. Users have been saying the unit is well-made and has good optics. It is of high quality but is expensive. Due to its small size, it is very inconspicuous. At 5x its is less susceptible to camera shake than its 7x stablemate. The 5x15 HG is an impressive device with remarkable capabilities, especially considering its compact size. One of its standout features is its exceptional optical clarity, which provides sharp and vibrant images even in challenging lighting conditions. The 5x15 HG's low-light performance is also noteworthy, making this monocular a reliable choice for observations at dusk or dawn. It may not offer the highest magnification or rugged all-weather capability, but it provides top image quality in a convenient size. Although the Nikon 5x15 HG is priced at the higher end of the market, the performance quality is well worth the investment. However, it's important to note that if you're specifically seeking the highest level of magnification or robust, all-weather durability, this model may not meet those needs. Instead, the 5x15 HG shines in its ability to deliver outstanding image quality in a portable and easy-to-handle device. It is a fantastic option for people who prioritize top-tier visual experiences in a smaller format. If the Nikon 5x15 HG Monocular isn't for you but you are still interested in small monoculars, consider the Canon Zoom digital monocular. Nikon also has an HG monocular with 7x magnification, but it has a smaller depth of field due to the increased magnification. Another option is the Celestron Outland X 10x50 Monocular, which is much cheaper but still delivers top-quality imagery. We put every instrument through a rigorous review to test it thoroughly. We review each instrument on many aspects, including its construction and design, how well it functions as an optical instrument, and how it performs while on location. We look at the included accessories and suggest other equipment if it would benefit the experience. Each team member carefully tests each instrument and is knowledgeable about its subject areas. Hands-on experience is a vital part of the process.

2025-04-14 李伊 航空 英-中
Astronomers have brought you a space Valentine: The Tarantula of the cosmos

The petals of a cosmic Valentine's Day flower are unfurled in this image taken by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, revealing the most detailed X-ray image ever of the great star-forming nebula 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The four blue petals depict hot gas that's been energized by winds of radiation coming from nascent hot, young stars — as well as by these stars' eventual death cries rooted in the supernova explosions that mark the ends of their lives a few million years later. Though 30 Doradus is ostensibly a star-forming region, it captures the entire life cycle of the most massive stars that live relatively short lives. In a way, these stars' cradles are also their graves. To emphasize the point, the most recent supernova to be visible to the naked eye, SN 1987A, exploded on the outskirts of 30 Doradus. And from the ashes of this and other dead stars, the beautiful cosmic flower has grown. The X-ray emission from Chandra is presented here in blue and green. That's false color, of course — a representation of X-rays that we cannot otherwise see with our eyes. It's also the deepest-ever X-ray observation of 30 Doradus — Chandra's previous effort amounted to about 1.3 days' worth of exposures, whereas this new image accounts for 23 days of observations. Among the diffuse gas are 3,615 discrete X-ray sources, ranging from supernova remnants, compact binaries featuring neutron stars or stellar-mass black holes, X-ray pulsars, infant T Tauri stars and massive stars in binary systems. In fact, the exposure time was so long that Chandra could see some of these X-ray sources changing over time, brought about by phenomena such as the orbital mechanics of binary systems. Thrown in for good measure is radio data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile that shows tendrils of dust depicted here in orange (again, false color) and Hubble Space Telescope optical data in yellow. Hubble has imaged 30 Doradus many times during its 35 years in space; the region is also known as the Tarantula Nebula because of its arachnid-like appearance in visible light. The Tarantula spins its web in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way, 160,000 light-years from us. The nebula is huge, spanning 650 light-years in diameter. It's one of the most intense star-forming regions around, and in fact the largest in the Local Group of galaxies, which include the Andromeda and Triangulum spiral galaxies. It has been able to grow so huge because, unlike those spiral galaxies, where the differential rotation of the galactic disk creates sheer forces that rip gas clouds apart if they reach a certain size, the Large Magellanic Cloud doesn't have the same kind of differential rotation where some parts rotate faster than others.And fittingly for the largest star-forming region, it produces the most massive stars too. Inside 30 Doradus is a giant, young star cluster called NGC 2070, and at the heart of that cluster is a dense concentration of stars — a cluster within a cluster, if you will — called R136. At the core of R136 lies the most massive star known in the universe, called R136a1. It is a Wolf–Rayet star, which is a type of temperamental massive star that is highly unstable and sheds its skin in violent pulsations. Its current mass is about 200 times the mass of our sun, but when it formed just over a million years ago, it had a mass about 325 times greater than our sun, and has expelled the difference in mass over its lifetime. If 30 Doradus is a flower, then the expanding debris of supernova explosions within it carry the flower's pollen. Stars are element factories, fusing increasingly heavy elements in their central nuclear reactors, and producing even more precious metals in the ferocity of their supernova explosions. The debris from these stellar conflagrations is carried far and wide across space, germinating new sites of star and planet formation. If you want to learn more about how this image was created, and what science it can teach us, you can read the paper about these results that was published in July 2024 in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series.

2025-04-14 李伊 航空 英-中
查看更多

400所高校都在用的翻译教学平台

试译宝所属母公司