Trump signs 2 executive orders to narrow birthright citizenship after Supreme Court defeat

在最高法院裁决失利后，特朗普签署两项行政命令，收紧出生公民权（落地国籍）政策

U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday signed two executive orders to narrow birthright citizenship -- a new effort by the administration following the Supreme Court's ruling against its previous order.

美国总统唐纳德・特朗普于周四签署两项行政命令，旨在收紧出生公民权。这是最高法院驳回其此前行政令后，政府推出的新一轮举措。

"We had a very unfortunate decision in the Supreme Court concerning birthright, it was close," Trump said in the White House Oval Office as he signed the new orders. "So we're making adjustments."

特朗普在白宫椭圆形办公室签署新行政令时表示：“最高法院就出生公民权一事作出的裁决令人遗憾，当时票数十分接近。所以我们正在做出调整。”

One of the orders targets "birth tourism," which is defined as the entry of any foreigners into the United States via a nonimmigrant visa for the purpose of giving birth on U.S. soil, or any effort by any foreigners to facilitate such entry, according to the White House.

白宫方面称，其中一项行政令针对 “生育旅游（赴美生子）”，其定义为：外国人持非移民签证入境美国，目的是在美国领土生育；或是外国人协助他人进行此类入境的任何行为。

The other order expands the definitions of people ineligible for birthright citizenship, including children of foreign government employees, children of members of a designated Foreign Terrorist Organization, as well as children of people who engaged in fraudulent activity to obtain citizenship.

另一项行政令扩大了无资格获得出生公民权人群的定义范围，其中包括外国政府雇员的子女、被认定的外国恐怖组织成员的子女，以及通过欺诈手段获取公民身份者的子女。

The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, states that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside."

美国宪法第十四修正案于 1868 年获得批准，其中规定：“凡在合众国出生或归化合众国并受其管辖者，均为合众国及所居住之州的公民。”

On Jan. 20, 2025 -- the inauguration day of his second term -- Trump signed an executive order regarding birthright citizenship. The order declares that children born of persons unlawfully or temporarily present in the United States are not "subject to the jurisdiction" of the United States, and thus do not qualify for citizenship under the 14th Amendment or the Immigration and Nationality Act.

2025 年 1 月 20 日，也就是特朗普第二任期就职当天，他签署了一份有关出生公民权的行政命令。该行政令宣称：父母属于非法居留或临时居留美国的儿童，不受美国 “管辖”，因此依据第十四修正案以及《移民与国籍法》，不具备美国公民资格。

Several parents filed suit, some on their own behalf, and others on behalf of their children. Multiple lower courts had ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, and the executive order never took effect.

多位家长提起诉讼，部分以本人名义，另一些则代表子女起诉。多家下级法院作出了有利于原告的判决，因此这份行政命令始终未能生效。

On June 30, the Supreme Court -- by a 6-3 vote -- rejected Trump's executive order denying birthright citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants or temporary residents, upholding birthright citizenship.

6 月 30 日，联邦最高法院以 6 比 3 的投票结果驳回了特朗普的行政命令。该行政令拟取消无证移民及临时居留者子女的出生公民权，最高法院此举维持了出生公民权制度。