NASA's lunar Gateway space station is out. Moon bases are in

NASA的月球门户站已经过时，月球基地才是未来。

NASA is officially sidelining the long-planned lunar Gateway space station to focus its efforts on establishing a base on the surface of the moon.

NASA正式将长期规划的月球门户空间站（Lunar Gateway）搁置，转而集中精力在月球表面建立基地。

The change comes as the agency continues to lay out its accelerated plan for returning astronauts to the moon and building a sustained human presence there as a part of the Artemis program. During an event announcing updates to its planned campaign of moon exploration on Tuesday (March 24), NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman framed the pivot as part of a broader push to hone the agency's workforce, simplify program architecture, increase launch cadence and compete with China's lunar ambitions.

此项调整正值NASA继续推进加速重返月球计划，并在月球建立持续人类存在的一部分——阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis）计划。在周二（3月24日）宣布月球探索计划更新的活动中，NASA局长Jared Isaacman将这一转向描述为更广泛努力的一部分，旨在优化机构人力、简化项目架构、提高发射频率，并与中国的月球计划展开竞争。

"We find ourselves with a real geopolitical rival, challenging American leadership in the high ground of space," Isaacman said. NASA has committed to landing astronauts back on the moon, "before the end of President Trump's term," Isaacman stated, and said the next step toward building a moon base is a pivot away from a space station in lunar orbit. "It should not really surprise anyone that we are pausing Gateway in its current form and focusing on infrastructure that supports sustained operations on the lunar surface."

Isaacman表示，我们面临着一个真正的地缘政治对手，在太空高地挑战美国的领导地位。Isaacman指出，NASA已承诺将在特朗普总统任期结束前’将宇航员再次送上月球，建立月球基地的下一步是转向月球表面的基础设施，而非继续建设环月空间站。“当前形式下暂停门户站（Gateway），并将重点放在支持月球表面持续运营的基础设施上，这不应让任何人感到意外。”

Instead, NASA will concentrate on expanding its Artemis program surface architecture through crewed and uncrewed landers, rovers and habitats. In that light, existing Gateway hardware and international partner contributions will be repurposed wherever possible for surface systems or other program needs.

相反，NASA将专注于通过载人和无人着陆器、月球车及栖息地扩展阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis）计划的月球表面架构。在此背景下，现有的门户站（Gateway）硬件以及国际合作伙伴的贡献，将尽可能重新用于月球表面系统或其他计划需求。

The announcement was made one week before NASA's targeted launch of Artemis 2, scheduled for April 1. It's the first crewed mission of the program, and will fly three NASA and one Canadian Space Agency astronaut on a 10-day flight around the moon. The mission is designed as a stepping stone toward a lunar landing and eventual permanent base.

该公告发布于NASA计划发射阿尔忒弥斯2号（Artemis 2）前一周，发射时间定于4月1日。这是该计划的首次载人任务，将搭载三名NASA宇航员和一名加拿大航天局宇航员，进行为期10天的绕月飞行。此次任务被设计为通向月球着陆及最终建立永久基地的垫脚石。

NASA is targeting 2027 for Artemis 3 to test integrated operations of Orion and one or both of the program's current lunar landers in Earth orbit, and 2028 for the program's first lunar landing attempt on Artemis 4 — no longer including a Gateway rendezvous.

NASA计划在2027年进行阿尔忒弥斯3号（Artemis 3）任务，在地球轨道测试猎户座（Orion）与该计划当前一到两个月球着陆器的联合操作；阿尔忒弥斯4号（Artemis 4）则计划于2028年首次尝试月球着陆，不再包括与门户站（Gateway）的会合。

One of the reasons NASA is officially excluding Gateway from its plans is to the ease of its integration with lunar landers' ability to travel from the space station, down to the surface and back. Gateway was meant to be launched into what NASA calls a near rectilinear halo orbit around the moon, with an apogee far above the lunar surface that demanded tight fuel constraints for landers needed to traverse the distance.

NASA正式将门户站（Gateway）排除在计划之外的原因之一，是因为将其与月球着陆器从空间站往返月球表面的能力整合存在难度。门户站原计划发射到NASA所称的月球近直线晕轨道（near rectilinear halo orbit），其远地点远高于月球表面，这要求着陆器在穿越该距离时必须严格控制燃料。

"Despite some of the very real hardware and scheduled challenges, we can repurpose equipment and international partner commitments to support surface and other program objectives," Isaacman said. "It's worth pointing out that shifting NASA workforce priority to the surface, which has lots of advantages for safety, tech demonstration and science … does not preclude revisiting the orbital outpost in the future.

Isaacman表示：“尽管存在一些实际的硬件和时间安排上的挑战，我们仍然可以将设备和国际合作伙伴的承诺重新用于支持月球表面及其他计划目标。”“值得指出的是，将NASA的人力优先投入到月球表面——这在安全性、技术演示和科学研究方面都有诸多优势——并不排除未来重新考虑轨道前哨站的可能性。

The new approach calls for an increased cadence of not only Artemis launches, but also support missions that will be needed to build out the infrastructure for astronauts on the moon's surface step-by-step through programs like the Human Landing System (HLS), Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) and the Lunar Transit Vehicle (LTV). Isaacman says the lunar base will be developed in three phases through the end of the decade, and cost roughly $20 billion. These plans extend far beyond NASA's 2028 lunar landing schedule, and rule out — for now — the inclusion of an outpost in lunar orbit.

这一新策略不仅要求提高阿尔忒弥斯任务的发射频率，还包括一系列支援任务，用以通过人类着陆系统（HLS）、商业月球有效载荷服务（CLPS）和月球过渡飞行器（LTV）等项目，逐步在月球表面建立宇航员基础设施。Isaacman表示，月球基地将在本世纪末前分三阶段建设，预计耗资约200亿美元。这些计划远超NASA 2028年的月球着陆时间表，并且暂时排除了在月球轨道设置前哨站的可能性。

Phase one expands robotic and early surface lunar landings through CLPS, HLS and LTV to deliver rovers and landers for technology demonstrations. These missions will test things like power, communications and navigation systems needed for short-term crewed excursions.

第一阶段将通过CLPS、HLS和LTV扩大机器人和早期月球表面着陆任务，以运送月球车和着陆器进行技术演示。这些任务将测试短期载人探险所需的电力、通信和导航系统等内容。

The second phase introduces semi-habitable modules and routine logistics to enable longer-term missions, leaning on "significant contributions from our great partners, like JAXA's (Japan's space agency) pressurized rover," Isaacman said.

第二阶段将引入半可居住模块和常规后勤支持，以实现长期任务。Isaacman表示，这将依赖”来自我们优秀合作伙伴的重要贡献，例如日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）的加压月球车’“

Phase three introduces permanent infrastructure, enabled by higher cargo capacity from commercial landing systems, with the goal of long-duration habitation modules and systems to support a sustained human presence on the moon.

第三阶段将引入永久性基础设施，依托商业着陆系统提供更高的货运能力，目标是建立长期居住模块及相关系统，以支持在月球上的持续人类存在。