雪域六秩风华路 凤凰展翅连通途丨记国航高高原安全飞行60...
Snow six ranks Fenghua Road Phoenix wings linked to the road record Air China high plateau safety flight 60...
青藏高原，这片被称为“世界屋脊”的土地，平均海拔超过4000米，山川纵横、气候多变，曾被国际民航界视为难以征服的“空中禁区”。然而，60年前，国航的一架飞机冲破云霄，向着这片“生命极地”振翅高飞，自此，一段波澜壮阔的征途拉开帷幕。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "roof of the world", has an average altitude of more than 4000 meters, crisscross mountains and rivers, and changeable climate. It has been regarded as an "air restricted area" difficult to conquer by the international civil aviation community. However, 60 years ago, an Air China plane broke through the clouds and flew high towards this "polar life". Since then, a magnificent journey began.
1965年3月1日成都—拉萨航线开航至今，国航创造了安全飞行60周年的辉煌纪录。60载岁月悠悠，一代代国航人用勇气、智慧与坚守，在万仞云端镌刻坚实航迹，在毫厘之间严守安全底线，在艰难险阻中淬炼精神丰碑，于绝域之上，架起一条条连接未来与希望的“空中天路”。
Since the Chengdu-Lhasa route was launched on March 1,1965, Air China has set a brilliant record for the 60th anniversary of safe flight. Over the past 60 years, generations of Air China people, with courage, wisdom and persistence, have engraved solid tracks in the clouds, strictly adhered to the safety bottom line between a few millimeters, tempered spiritual monuments in difficulties and dangers, and set up "sky roads" connecting the future and hope on top of the absolute territory.
攀登·万仞云端直须攀
Climb the clouds and climb straight
新中国成立初期，广袤的青藏高原长期被冰雪覆盖，交通闭塞显而易见，但要想飞过平均海拔超过4000米的“屋脊”，开通一条空中航线，又谈何容易。11座海拔8000米以上的山峰，风沙、冰雹、雷雨、高空强风乱流肆虐，没有可行性资料，没有高原飞行的经验……现实困难如同难以逾越的天堑，横亘在新中国的民航人面前。
In the early days of the founding of New China, the vast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was covered with ice and snow for a long time, and the traffic was obviously blocked. However, it was not easy to fly over the "roof" with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters and open an air route. Eleven peaks above 8000 meters above sea level, sandstorms, hail, thunderstorms, high-altitude strong wind turbulence, no feasibility data, no plateau flight experience... realistic difficulties like insurmountable natural moat, in front of the new China civil aviation people.
1956年5月29日，藏族同胞在拉萨当雄机场迎接突破“空中禁区”的“北京号”飞机。
On May 29, 1956, Tibetan compatriots greeted the "Beijing" plane at Dangxiong Airport in Lhasa, which broke through the "restricted area in the air".
1956年5月29日，新中国民航第一任总飞行师潘国定率领机组驾驶“北京”号康维尔240型飞机，从四川广汉起飞，成功降落在海拔4250米的拉萨当雄民用机场。这次试飞震惊了国际民航界，尽管受条件限制，当时还无法进行民用客运飞行，但它为后续的高原飞行探索奠定了坚实基础。
On May 29,1956, Pan Guoding, the first chief pilot of the new China Civil Aviation, led the crew to fly the "Beijing" Convair 240 aircraft, took off from Guanghan, Sichuan Province, and successfully landed at Lhasa Dangxiong Civil Airport at an altitude of 4250 meters. This test flight shocked the international civil aviation community and, although conditions prevented civilian passenger flights at the time, laid a solid foundation for subsequent altitude flight exploration.
1965年3月，中国民航伊尔-18飞机实现成都—拉萨首航。
In March 1965, China Civil Aviation Il-18 aircraft made its maiden voyage from Chengdu to Lhasa.
时隔4年，中国民航第一飞行大队（国航飞行总队前身）接过试航拉萨的重任，张瑞霭担任带队机长、孙权贵担任机长，驾驶伊尔-18型飞机再次挑战。伊尔-18型飞机与之前试飞机型相比变化很大，在群山冰封、气象复杂的空域飞行，困难重重。然而，机组成员满怀信心，还打趣说：“如果试飞失败，我们就骑着毛驴回北京。”1965年3月1日，孙权贵和毕春芳驾驶伊尔-18型飞机实现成都—拉萨航线首航，西藏地区民航事业就此开启新篇章。
Four years later, China Civil Aviation First Flight Brigade (predecessor of Air China Flight Corps) took over the task of trial sailing to Lhasa. Zhang Ruiai served as the captain of the team and Sun Quangui served as the captain, driving Il-18 aircraft to challenge again. The Il-18 aircraft has changed greatly from previous test flights, and it is difficult to fly in icy mountains and complex weather. However, the crew members were confident and joked: "If the test flight fails, we will ride back to Beijing on donkeys." On March 1,1965, Sun Quangui and Bi Chunfang piloted Il-18 aircraft to realize the maiden voyage of Chengdu-Lhasa route, thus opening a new chapter in civil aviation in Xizang region.
此后，国航不断向更高海拔挑战。昌都邦达机场，冬天风速每秒30米以上，极端温度达零下42摄氏度，冻土层厚2米，海拔高达4334米。1995年4月28日，中国西南航空公司（国航西南分公司前身）的波音757型飞机平稳降落于此，成都—昌都航线正式通航，刷新了当时世界海拔最高民用机场的通航纪录。
Since then, Air China has continuously challenged higher altitudes. Qamdo Bangda Airport, winter wind speed of more than 30 meters per second, extreme temperature of minus 42 degrees Celsius, frozen soil layer thickness of 2 meters, altitude as high as 4334 meters. On April 28,1995, Boeing 757 aircraft of China Southwest Airlines (predecessor of Southwest Branch of Air China) landed smoothly here, and Chengdu-Changdu route was officially opened, which refreshed the navigation record of the highest civil airport in the world at that time.
2006年9月，国航西南分公司波音757客机成功首航成都—林芝航线。当地藏族民航在机坪迎接首航飞机抵达。
In September 2006, Air China Southwest Branch Boeing 757 successfully made its maiden flight to Chengdu-Nyingchi route. The local Tibetan civil aviation greeted the arrival of the maiden flight at the airport apron.
2006年9月1日，林芝机场迎来成都—林芝的首航航班。林芝地区虽有“西藏江南”的美誉，但其净空、气象、飞行环境及导航台布局堪称国内最复杂。2013年9月16日，成都—稻城航线开通。稻城亚丁机场海拔4411米，是全球海拔最高的民用机场。国航在雪域天路上越飞越高，突破了一个又一个天堑。
On September 1, 2006, Nyingchi Airport ushered in the first flight from Chengdu to Nyingchi. Although Nyingchi area has the reputation of "Jiangnan of Xizang," its clearance, weather, flight environment and navigation station layout are the most complicated in China. On September 16, 2013, Chengdu-Daocheng route was opened. Daocheng Aden Airport is 4411 meters above sea level and is the highest civil airport in the world. Air China flew higher and higher on the snowy sky road, breaking through one natural moat after another.
2010年7月，国航西南分公司开辟成都—拉萨—阿里航线。
In July 2010, Air China Southwest Branch opened Chengdu-Lhasa-Ali route.
还有成都至阿坝红原、隆子、定日、阿里……雪山不再遥远，云端之路更加宽广。纵横交错的航线网络给西藏地区经济社会发展带来了翻天覆地的变化——60年来，西藏GDP从1965年的3.3亿元高速增长到2024年的2467.9亿元。
There are Chengdu to Aba Hongyuan, Longzi, Dingri, Ali... Snow Mountain is no longer far away, the road to clouds is wider. The criss-crossing route network has brought earth-shaking changes to the economic and social development of Xizang region-over the past 60 years, Xizang GDP has increased rapidly from 330 million yuan in 1965 to 246.79 billion yuan in 2024.
精微·毫厘之间见真章
Fine·between the fine see the true chapter
从第一条航线开航到25座高高原城市通航，在越飞越高、越飞越多的辉煌成就背后，是矢志不渝的专注与执着，一代代国航人以科学严谨的态度，用心呵护、不断强劲着雪域高原翱翔天际的翅膀。
From the opening of the first route to the navigation of 25 high plateau cities, behind the brilliant achievements of flying higher and higher, there is unswerving concentration and persistence. Generations of Air China people take care of and constantly strengthen the wings of the snowy plateau soaring in the sky with scientific and rigorous attitude.
飞机是飞行的第一道生命线。国航执行高高原飞行的每一架飞机，都是经过精心选型和改装的。无论是最初的伊尔-18型飞机，还是后来的波音、空客系列，国航始终确保每一架飞机具备最强的性能，能够应对高海拔对飞机性能带来的各种挑战。在高高原飞行中，发动机和氧气系统尤为关键。国航为每一架高高原飞机选配性能最好、推力更高的发动机，且只使用其“黄金使用阶段”；高高原飞机的供氧系统能够维持50分钟以上，以确保从高高原航线上的任何一点平安返回平原机场。更值得一提的是具有里程碑意义的RNP技术。2006年，国航首次将RNP导航技术引进高高原航班运行，为高高原飞行带来了革命性的变化，不仅大幅提升了航班的安全性与正常性，也开启了高高原夜航的新时代。
Airplanes are the first lifeline of flight. Every aircraft Air China flies at high altitude is carefully selected and modified. Whether it is the original Il-18 aircraft, or later Boeing and Airbus series, Air China has always ensured that each aircraft has the strongest performance and can meet the challenges posed by high altitude to aircraft performance. The engine and oxygen systems are particularly critical in altitude flight. Air China selects the best performance and higher thrust engine for each high altitude aircraft, and only uses its "golden use phase"; the oxygen system of high altitude aircraft can last for more than 50 minutes to ensure safe return to plain airport from any point on the high altitude route. More noteworthy is the landmark RNP technology. In 2006, Air China introduced RNP navigation technology into high altitude flight operation for the first time, bringing revolutionary changes to high altitude flight, which not only greatly improved the safety and normality of flights, but also opened a new era of high altitude night flight.
2022年11月25日，国航西南分公司飞行机组试飞山南隆子机场。
On November 25,2022, the flight crew of Southwest Branch of Air China tested Shannan Longzi Airport.
飞行员是高高原安全飞行的核心力量。国航以“十年磨一剑”的严苛标准培养将每一位飞行员锻造成高原雄鹰。在“双机长制”的铁律下，每个航班配备一位带队机长、一位机长和一位副驾驶。一名飞行学员成长为高高原带队机长，要跨过“4道关卡”，每一步都需经过严格考核，涵盖技术、心理、理论和实践等多个方面。正是这种近乎苛刻的要求，为每一次飞行筑牢了安全防线。
Pilots are the core force in ensuring safe flights on high-altitude plateau routes. Air China adheres to the rigorous standard of "tempering a sword over a decade" to forge each pilot into a plateau eagle. Under the ironclad rule of the "Dual Captain System," each flight is staffed with a leading captain, a captain, and a co-pilot. For a flight trainee to grow into a leading captain on high-altitude plateau routes, they must pass through "four critical stages," with each step subject to stringent assessments covering multiple aspects, including technical skills, psychology, theory, and practice. It is this almost exacting requirement that fortifies the safety barrier for every flight.
2006年1月23日，5名藏族本科飞行学员全部通过飞行教员的航线检查，获得空客A319机型飞行副驾驶执照，正式加入机组展翅蓝天，成为中国民航史上首批藏族本科飞行员。
On January 23, 2006, five Tibetan undergraduate pilots all passed the flight path inspection of the flight instructor and obtained the Airbus A319 flight co-pilot license. They officially joined the crew and became the first batch of Tibetan undergraduate pilots in the history of China's civil aviation.
飞行安全更是一项系统工程。伴随着越来越多高高原机场的建设，高高原飞行安全管理规范化工作提上日程。国航开始着手编写《高原运行管理手册》。2007年，中国民航局发布了21号咨询通告《航空承运人高原机场运行管理规定》；再后来，中国民航局主导的《高海拔机场运行》（icaodoc10163）被国际民航组织采纳发布，中国标准成为全球高海拔机场运行的统一标准。在此基础上，国航构建了安全管理体系、质量管理体系和运行技术管理体系“三位一体”的高原飞行保障体系，以科学与严谨为飞行安全保驾护航。
Flight safety is also a systematic project. With the increasing construction of high-altitude plateau airports, the standardization of safety management for high-altitude plateau flights has been put on the agenda. Air China began to compile the **High-altitude Operations Management Manual**. In 2007, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) issued Advisory Circular No. 21, **Regulations on the Operation of High-altitude Airports by Air Carriers**. Subsequently, the **High-altitude Airport Operations** (ICAO DOC 10163), led by the CAAC, was adopted and published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), making Chinese standards the unified global standards for high-altitude airport operations.On this basis, Air China has established a "trinity" plateau flight support system, integrating the Safety Management System, Quality Management System, and Operations Technology Management System. This system safeguards flight safety with science and rigor.
从飞机的科学改装到飞行员的严苛培养，从技术的创新突破到管理的制度建设，国航用60年的坚守与探索，助力高高原飞行越飞越精准，越飞越安全。
From the scientific modification of aircraft to the strict training of pilots, from technological innovation breakthrough to management system construction, Air China has used 60 years of persistence and exploration to help high altitude flight more accurate and safer.
淬炼·雪域天路担使命
Quenching·Snowy Sky Road undertakes mission
越是关键时刻，越能检验初心使命。不管是抢险救灾，还是专项运输，只要祖国需要、人民需要，国航人总会在第一时间挺膺担当。
The more critical the moment, the more you can test your initial mission. Whether it is emergency rescue and disaster relief, or special transportation, as long as the motherland needs, the people need, Air China people will always be the first time to bear the responsibility.
2025年1月7日14时49分，震后第一个航班——国航CA4431航班安全降落在日喀则定日机场。
At 14:49 on January 7,2025, the first flight after the earthquake, Air China Flight CA4431, landed safely at Dingri Airport in Xigaze.
2025年1月7日，西藏日喀则地区突发地震，灾区地面交通中断、通信受阻，国航作为唯一执飞日喀则航线的航空公司，肩负着打通空中救援通道的重任。日喀则定日机场地处高原，海拔高、气候和地形复杂，尤其是冬季飞行，风险倍增。但在救援飞行面前，没有人退缩。短短数小时内，国航迅速调度，14时49分，震后第一个航班——国航CA4431航班安全降落在日喀则定日机场，将救援物资和人员送抵灾区。“这是救人命的事，要敢打，更要能胜！”为保障救援物资及时、安全送达，各岗位人员坚守一线，为每一个可能的飞行方案彻夜推演。
On January 7, 2025, an earthquake suddenly struck the Shigatse region of Tibet, causing the ground transportation in the disaster area to be cut off and communication to be disrupted. As the only airline operating flights to Shigatse, Air China bore the heavy responsibility of establishing an aerial rescue corridor. Shigatse Dingri Airport, located on a plateau, has a high altitude and complex climate and terrain, especially during winter flights when the risks are multiplied. However, in the face of rescue missions, no one shrank back. Within a few short hours, Air China quickly mobilized its resources. At 14:49, the first flight after the earthquake—Air China Flight CA4431—safely landed at Shigatse Dingri Airport, delivering rescue supplies and personnel to the disaster area. "This is a matter of saving lives; we must dare to fight and be capable of winning!" To ensure the timely and safe delivery of rescue supplies, personnel from all positions stayed on the front line, working through the night to plan every possible flight scenario.
一架架抗震救灾包机飞赴震区，地面保障人员奔上前来，有条不紊地搬运救灾物品。高寒缺氧、低温严寒、大风干燥、强紫外线，种种恶劣条件让大家的面庞变成了粗糙的“高原红”，可为了能让受灾群众早点拿到物资，所有人都拧成一股绳，咬紧牙关与时间赛跑。这些奔走忙碌的身影与机身上的一抹红，构成了这个海拔4300多米的机场上，最动人的画面。跨越雪域苍茫，凤凰终将降落在需要它的地方。
Charter flights for earthquake relief flew one after another to the disaster zones, where ground support personnel rushed forward to unload the relief supplies in an orderly and efficient manner. Extreme cold, hypoxia, low temperatures, severe cold, strong winds, dryness, and intense ultraviolet radiation—these harsh conditions turned everyone's faces into rough "plateau red." But in order to get the supplies to the affected people as soon as possible, everyone united with a single-minded determination, gritting their teeth and racing against time. These bustling figures, together with the splash of red on the aircraft, formed the most touching scene at this airport, which is over 4,300 meters above sea level. Across the vast snowy wilderness, the phoenix will ultimately land where it is needed most.
山高不阻志，路险更砺心。高高原航线条件苦、风险大、挑战多，一代代勇担当、不言弃的国航人将肩上的使命接力相传，以数十年如一日的坚守践行心中誓言。玉树地震救灾运输、尼泊尔救灾运输，林芝米林机场验证飞行……冰川雪原上留下了无数汗水和青春，刻下了太多跟天斗、跟各种极限斗的故事。
No height of the mountains can obstruct one's will; instead, the perilous paths only temper the spirit further. The high-altitude plateau air routes are characterized by harsh conditions, significant risks, and numerous challenges. Yet, generation after generation of Air China aviators, who are courageous in taking responsibility and never giving up, have passed on their sense of mission from shoulder to shoulder. They have demonstrated their unwavering commitment through decades of steadfast dedication.From the emergency transportation during the Yushu earthquake rescue to the relief operations in Nepal, and the validation flights at Linzhi Milin Airport... Countless drops of sweat and years of youth have been left on the glaciers and snowfields, etching numerous stories of struggling against the elements and pushing beyond limits.
六十年来，从螺旋桨到喷气机，从凭风辨向到卫星引航，从孤线单飞到航线纵横，一代代坚守在雪域天路的国航人完成了一次又一次前无古人的启航，保持了中国民航在世界平均海拔最高、保障飞行难度最大地区安全飞行时间新的纪录。划破雅鲁藏布江的晨雾，穿过昆仑之巅的霞光，国航人将继续以永攀高峰的执着、科学严谨的态度、敢打能胜的斗志，标定新的海拔刻度，谱写新时代的雪域长歌！
Over six decades, from propellers to jets, from navigating by the wind to satellite-guided flights, and from solitary routes to an extensive network of airways, generations of Air China aviators, steadfastly serving in the high-altitude regions often referred to as the "Roof of the World," have accomplished groundbreaking takeoffs time and again. They have set new records for safe flying hours in an area with the world’s highest average altitude and the greatest flight support challenges.Breaking through the morning mist over the Yarlung Tsangpo River and piercing through the dawn light above the Kunlun Mountains, these aviators will continue to push boundaries with their relentless pursuit of excellence, their scientifically rigorous approach, and their indomitable fighting spirit. They will set new altitude benchmarks and compose a new chapter of the epic saga in these highland regions for the new era.
