怀进鹏：深入推进基础教育高质量发展(深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想)

Huai Jinpeng: Deepening the High-Quality Development of Basic Education (Deepening the Study and Implementation of*Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

怀进鹏

Huai Jinpeng

今年7月，习近平总书记对基础教育工作作出重要指示，充分肯定我国基础教育发展取得的显著成绩，进一步明确了基础教育改革发展的战略性、全局性、方向性问题，对全党全社会共同支持和办好基础教育发出号召、提出要求。我们要深入学习领悟习近平总书记的重要指示精神和党中央重大决策部署，切实扛起基础教育高质量发展的政治责任，坚定不移抓好贯彻落实，办强办优基础教育，为加快建设教育强国、有力支撑中国式现代化奠定坚实基础。

In July this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered important instructions on basic education, fully affirming the remarkable achievements made in the development of basic education in China. He further clarified the strategic, overarching and directional issues concerning the reform and development of basic education, and called on the whole Party and society to jointly support and deliver quality basic education, putting forward relevant requirements. We must thoroughly study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions and the major decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, earnestly shoulder the political responsibility for advancing the high-quality development of basic education, resolutely ensure their implementation, develop and improve basic education, and lay a solid foundation for accelerating the building of a powerful country in education and strongly supporting Chinese modernization.

充分认识基础教育的重要战略地位

Fully recognize the important strategic position of basic education

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视基础教育改革发展。习近平总书记始终对基础教育念兹在兹，作出一系列重要指示批示，擘画基础教育高质量发展宏伟蓝图，为办好基础教育指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the reform and development of basic education. General Secretary Xi Jinping has always kept basic education close to his heart and issued a series of important instructions, drawing up a grand blueprint for the high-quality development of basic education, pointing out the way forward and providing fundamental guidelines for running basic education well.

基础教育是落实立德树人根本任务、培养担当民族复兴大任时代新人的铸魂工程。习近平总书记强调：“基础教育是立德树人的事业”“要培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”。基础教育阶段是塑造青少年世界观、人生观、价值观的关键时期，最需要精心引导和栽培，帮助青少年扣好人生的第一粒扣子。立德树人关系党的事业后继有人，关系国家前途命运。我们要坚持为党育人、为国育才，坚持社会主义办学方向，全面贯彻党的教育方针，培养一代又一代拥护党的领导和我国社会主义制度、立志为中国特色社会主义奋斗终身的有用人才。

Basic education is a foundational project for fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education and cultivating a new generation capable of shouldering the mission of national rejuvenation. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that “Basic education is a cause of fostering virtue through education”, and that we should “cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and labor education”. The stage of basic education marks a critical period for young people to shape their world outlook, outlook on life and values, calling for meticulous guidance and cultivation to help teenagers button the first button of life. Fostering virtue through education determines whether the cause of educating people will have successors and bears on the future and destiny of the country. We must stay committed to educating people for the Party and the country, uphold the socialist orientation for running schools, fully implement the Party’s education policy, and foster generation after generation of capable talents who uphold the Party’s leadership and China’s socialist system and aspire to dedicate their lives to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

基础教育是坚持以人民为中心、守牢社会公平底线的民生工程。习近平总书记指出：“坚持以人民为中心发展教育，加快建设高质量教育体系，发展素质教育，促进教育公平。”教育公平是社会公平的重要基础，基础教育是教育公平的重要起点，守住教育起点公平，就是守住每个孩子平等发展的希望、守住亿万家庭的切身利益。我们要坚持人民至上的根本立场，把公平融入基础教育改革发展的各方面各环节，努力缩小教育城乡、区域、校际和群体差距，为每个孩子平等接受教育创造条件、提供保障，让教育改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

Basic education is a livelihood project that adheres to the people-centered philosophy and upholds the bottom line of social equity. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must pursue people-centered education, accelerate the development of a high-quality education system, develop quality-oriented education, and promote equity in education.” Educational equity constitutes an important foundation for social equity, and basic education serves as a crucial starting point for educational equity. Safeguarding equity at the starting point of education means preserving every child’s hope for equal development and protecting the vital interests of hundreds of millions of families. We must adhere to the fundamental stance of putting the people first, integrate equity into all aspects and links of the reform and development of basic education, strive to narrow gaps in education between urban and rural areas, regions, schools and social groups, create conditions and guarantees for every child to receive education on an equal footing, and ensure that the gains of education reform and development benefit all people more equitably.

基础教育是提高国民素质、服务中国式现代化的奠基工程。习近平总书记指出：“必须着力提高人口整体素质，以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。”当代中国少年儿童是实现第二个百年奋斗目标、建设社会主义现代化强国的生力军，今天的基础教育质量，直接决定着明天的劳动人口素质。特别是，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进，对学生创新思维和实践能力提出了全新要求。我们要遵循教育规律和人才成长规律，始终把基础教育放在优先发展、优先保障的战略地位，树立科学教育理念，深化教育教学改革，扎实培养学生适应未来发展需要的综合素质，厚植创新人才成长沃土，为民族复兴伟业积蓄力量。

Basic education is a foundational project for improving the quality of the people and serving Chinese modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must strive to improve the overall quality of the population and support Chinese modernization with high-quality population development.” Today’s children and adolescents in China are the main force for realizing the Second Centenary Goal and building a great modern socialist country. The quality of basic education today directly determines the quality of the labor force tomorrow. In particular, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, placing brand-new requirements on students’ innovative thinking and practical capabilities. We must follow the laws of education and talent growth, consistently place basic education in the strategic position of priority development and priority guarantee, foster sound educational philosophies, deepen education and teaching reforms, earnestly cultivate students’ comprehensive quality to meet the needs of future development, nurture fertile soil for the growth of innovative talents, and build up strength for the great cause of national rejuvenation.

基础教育是加快推动教育由大到强、建设教育强国的基点工程。习近平总书记强调：“基础教育搞得越扎实，教育强国步伐就越稳、后劲就越足。”基础教育在国民教育体系中处于基础性、先导性地位，是人才培养的源头活水。基础教育是打基础的教育，为学生个人全面发展、终身发展奠基，只有基础教育办好了，才会有源源不断的优质生源，职业教育的转型升级、高等教育的创新发展才有潜力和后劲。我们要坚持问题导向、目标导向和效果导向相统一，统筹推进育人方式、办学模式、管理体制和保障机制改革，坚决破除一切制约高质量发展的思想观念束缚和体制机制弊端，以基础教育改革创新助推整个教育体系变革，夯实教育强国建设根基。

Basic education serves as a cornerstone project for accelerating the transition of education from large-scale to high-quality development and building a powerful country in education. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “The more solid our basic education is, the steadier and more sustainable our progress toward building a powerful country in education will be.” Occupying a fundamental and pioneering position in the national education system, basic education is the wellspring of talent cultivation. It lays the groundwork, underpinning students’ all-round and lifelong development. Only when basic education is well delivered can we have a steady stream of high-quality students, and can the transformation and upgrading of vocational education and the innovative development of higher education gain potential and sustained momentum. We must integrate problem-oriented, goal-oriented and effect-oriented approaches, coordinate reforms in education models, school-running patterns, management systems and guarantee mechanisms, resolutely break all ideological shackles and institutional drawbacks constraining high-quality development, advance the transformation of the entire education system through reforms and innovations in basic education, and consolidate the foundation for building a powerful country in education.

准确把握办强办优基础教育的新形势新要求

Accurately grasp the new situation and requirements for strengthening and optimizing basic education.

新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持和加强党对教育工作的全面领导，加快推进教育现代化、建设教育强国，推动基础教育事业取得历史性成就、发生格局性变化，中国特色社会主义教育底色更加鲜明，总体达到世界高收入国家平均水平。一是坚持用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人。全面深入落实立德树人根本任务，公办中小学校党组织领导的校长负责制实现全覆盖。部署实施新时代立德树人工程，完善党的创新理论进教材进课堂进头脑机制。二是普及水平全面提升。建成世界上规模最大且有质量的基础教育体系，学前教育毛入园率达92.9%，义务教育巩固率达96.1%，高中阶段毛入学率达92%，适龄残疾儿童义务教育入学率达到97%，新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到14.3年。三是教育公平取得历史性进展。义务教育免试就近入学全面落地，随迁子女在公办学校就读和享受政府购买学位服务的比例超过97%，全国所有区县实现义务教育基本均衡。学生资助政策体系实现所有学段、所有学校、所有家庭经济困难学生“三个全覆盖”，党的十八大以来累计资助学生11亿人次。四是优先发展、优先保障得到切实落实。各学段均出台生均公用经费标准，基础教育在财政性教育经费当中占比长期保持在60%以上。实施基础教育扩优提质行动计划，有力保障各学段学龄人口渐次达峰需求。五是育人方式改革取得显著成效。课间15分钟、每天综合体育活动2小时全面推行，美育浸润行动、劳动习惯养成计划、读书行动持续推进，科学教育、人工智能教育快速发展，形成德智体美劳“五育并举”的良好育人局面。

Since the advent of the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has upheld and strengthened the Party’s overall leadership over education work, accelerated the modernization of education and the development of a powerful country in education, and driven historic achievements and transformative shifts in basic education. The socialist education with Chinese characteristics has become more distinct in nature, reaching the average level of high-income countries worldwide on the whole. First, we have adhered to fostering people with the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The fundamental task of fostering virtue through education has been fully implemented, and the principal responsibility system under the leadership of Party organizations in public primary and secondary schools has achieved full coverage. The Project on Fostering Virtue through Education in the New Era has been rolled out, improving the mechanism for integrating the Party’s innovative theories into textbooks, classrooms and students’ minds. Second, universal access has been comprehensively enhanced. The world’s largest and high-quality basic education system has been established. The gross enrollment rate for preschool education stands at 92.9%, the retention rate of compulsory education reaches 96.1%, the gross enrollment rate for senior high school education hits 92%, and the school-age children with disabilities enjoy a 97% enrollment rate in compulsory education. The average years of schooling for newly added labor force have reached 14.3 years. Third, historic progress has been made in education equity. The policy of enrollment at nearby schools without examinations for compulsory education has been fully implemented. Over 97% of children of migrant workers study in public schools or enjoy government-purchased school places. Compulsory education has attained basic balance across all counties and districts nationwide. The student aid policy has realized full coverage across all school types, schools and students from financially disadvantaged families. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, a total of 1.1 billion student subsidies have been granted. Fourth, priority development and guarantee have been effectively delivered. Standards for per-student public expenditure have been introduced for all education stages. Basic education has long accounted for over 60% of government education spending. The Action Plan for Expanding Access and Improving Quality in Basic Education has been carried out to effectively meet the gradually peaking demand of school-age population at all education levels. Fifth, notable outcomes have been achieved in the reform of education models. A 15-minute break between classes and two hours of comprehensive practical activities each day have been fully implemented. The Aesthetic Education Nurturing Initiative, Labor Habit Cultivation Plan and Reading Campaign have been steadily advanced. Science education and AI education have enjoyed rapid development, forming a sound education landscape featuring the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and labor education.

面向教育强国建设新征程，我国基础教育的国内外环境正在发生深刻变化，面临着历史上一次重大转型，必须立足国家战略全局，准确识变、科学应变、主动求变。

Faced with the new journey of building a powerful country in education, the domestic and international environment for China’s basic education is undergoing profound changes. It is experiencing a major historic transformation. We must base ourselves on the overall national strategic landscape, accurately perceive changes, respond scientifically and pursue changes proactively.

中国式现代化建设赋予新使命。当前，我国发展已进入基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期。基础教育是国家长远发展的竞争力所在，事关全局、事关长远。办强办优基础教育，加快建成教育强国，就是为国家未来投资、为民族复兴奠基。我们必须立足国家发展全局，培养堪当强国建设、民族复兴大任的时代新人，充分释放和彰显基础教育的战略价值。

Chinese modernization has entrusted basic education with a new mission. At present, China has entered a critical period of consolidating foundations and forging ahead toward basically realizing socialist modernization. Basic education underpins the long-term competitiveness of the country and bears on the overall and long-term interests. Developing and improving basic education and accelerating the building of a powerful country in education represents investment in the nation’s future and lays the groundwork for national rejuvenation. We must take the overall national development into consideration, cultivate a new generation capable of shouldering the mission of building a strong country and realizing national rejuvenation, and fully unlock and demonstrate the strategic value of basic education.

人口结构变化带来新挑战。人口变量是基础教育最重要的影响因素。当前，我国人口发展呈现少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化等明显的趋势性特征，学龄人口排浪式变化既对基础教育资源配置提出了挑战，也为基础教育主动调整优化提供了历史机遇。我们必须加强前瞻谋划和系统应对，健全与学龄人口变化相适应的资源配置机制，加快构建公平优质的基础教育体系。

Changes in population structure bring new challenges. Demographic factors constitute the most important influence on basic education. Currently, China’s population development shows obvious trends including low fertility, aging and regional population fluctuations. The wave-like changes in the school-age population pose challenges to the allocation of basic education resources, and also present historic opportunities for proactive adjustment and optimization of basic education. We must strengthen forward-looking planning and systematic responses, improve the resource allocation mechanism adapted to changes in the school-age population, and accelerate the development of an equitable and high-quality basic education system.

科技迅猛发展推动新变革。以人工智能等为代表的新兴技术加速迭代，无论是知识更新的速度，还是获取知识的方式都在发生深刻变化。基础教育不仅要让学生增长知识，更要激发学生崇尚科学、探索未知的兴趣，培养其探索性、创造性思维品质。我们必须因应时代发展变化，深化教育教学模式和治理方式变革，着重培养学生科学兴趣、创新意识和实践能力。

Rapid advances in science and technology are driving new transformations. Emerging technologies represented by artificial intelligence are iterating at an accelerated pace, bringing profound changes both to the speed of knowledge renewal and the ways knowledge is acquired. Basic education should not only help students expand their knowledge, but also stimulate their interest in respecting science and exploring the unknown, and cultivate their exploratory and creative thinking. We must adapt to the changes of the times, deepen reforms in education, teaching and governance models, and focus on fostering students’ interest in science, innovative awareness and practical capabilities.

人民群众提出新期盼。我国基础教育发展不平衡不充分的问题仍然比较突出，特别是中西部和农村地区仍存在较大短板。老百姓对教育公平和质量的期待越来越高，期盼孩子享受优质教育资源，对教育的多元化、个性化、可选择性需求强烈。我们必须以更大力度补短板、强弱项，加快扩优提质，努力为每个孩子成长成才提供更加公平更加优质的基础教育。

The people have put forward new expectations. Unbalanced and inadequate development remains a prominent issue for basic education in China, with marked shortcomings particularly in central and western regions and rural areas. Public expectations for equity and quality in education keep rising. People hope their children can access quality educational resources, and demand for diversified, personalized and optional education is growing stronger. We must make greater efforts to shore up weak links, expand access and improve quality, and strive to deliver more equitable and higher-quality basic education for every child to grow and thrive.

全面落实基础教育高质量发展战略部署

Fully implement the strategic plan for the high-quality development of basic education

习近平总书记强调：“要切实扛起政治责任，优化办学资源配置，深化教育综合改革，推动学校、家庭、社会同向发力，不断开创基础教育高质量发展新局面。”我们要锚定建成教育强国、办强办优基础教育的目标任务，系统谋划未来5—10年深入推进基础教育高质量发展的政策措施，在新征程上彰显新担当新作为。

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must earnestly shoulder political responsibilities, optimize the allocation of school-running resources, deepen comprehensive education reforms, promote concerted efforts from schools, families and society, and continuously break new ground for the high-quality development of basic education.” We must stay focused on the goal of building a powerful country in education and developing high-quality basic education, systematically design policies and measures to further advance the high-quality development of basic education in the next 5 to 10 years, and demonstrate new responsibilities and achievements on the new journey.

坚持立德树人为本。落实新时代立德树人工程，教育引导青少年学生始终忠于党、忠于国家、忠于人民、忠于社会主义，立志投身中国式现代化事业。要突出“三进”引领、铸魂育人。统筹推进党的创新理论主课堂、实践育人大课堂和网络育人新课堂。充分发挥思政课主渠道作用，一体抓好教材读本、教学素材、案例资源、师资队伍等核心要素。注重实践育人，运用好新时代伟大实践及其成就，让学生们在文博场馆、革命文物、大国重器等场景中感悟真理伟力。持续净化青少年网络空间环境，预防网络沉迷，提供更多优秀网络文化产品和资源供给。要突出学生特点、可感有效。尊重学生的认知规律和教育规律，深化大中小学思政课一体化改革创新，统筹学段衔接，增强党的创新理论入脑入心效果。积极探寻主旋律内容的全新表达与创新，推出更多可感知、可参与的“小场景”，切实增强思政教育的针对性和吸引力。要突出五育融合、全面发展。深入落实“健康第一”教育理念，以健康学校建设为引领，开展学生体质强健行动、校园足球活动、学校美育浸润行动、劳动习惯养成计划，实施新一轮学生心理健康促进行动，确保“每天一节体育课”“每天综合体育活动时间不低于2小时”“课间15分钟”扎扎实实落到每所学校、惠及每个学生。

Stay committed to fostering virtue through education as the fundamental task. We will carry out the Project on Fostering Virtue through Education in the New Era, guiding young students to remain loyal to the Party, the country, the people and socialism, and aspire to dedicate themselves to the cause of Chinese modernization. We will highlight the guidance of the “Three Integrations” to forge character and nurture people. We will coordinate the main classroom for the Party’s innovative theories, the big classroom of practical education and the new classroom of online education. We will give full play to the main channel role of ideological and political courses, and coordinate the core elements including textbooks, teaching materials, case resources and teaching staff. We will emphasize education through practice, leveraging the great practices and achievements of the new era, enabling students to perceive the power of truth in venues such as cultural museums, revolutionary relics and national major scientific and technological infrastructure. We will continuously purify the online environment for young people, prevent internet addiction, and provide more high-quality online cultural products and resources. We will tailor our work to student characteristics and pursue effective education. Respecting students’ cognitive rules and educational laws, we will deepen the integrated reform of ideological and political courses across primary, secondary and higher education, coordinate curriculum continuity at different stages, and enhance the internalization of the Party’s innovative theories among students. We will actively explore new expressions and innovations for mainstream content, launch more accessible and participatory “small scenarios”, and effectively improve the relevance and appeal of ideological and political education. We will emphasize the integration of the five educations to achieve all-round development. We will thoroughly implement the education philosophy of “health first”. Led by healthy school development, we will carry out initiatives to improve students’ physical fitness, campus football programs, aesthetic education activities and labor habit cultivation plans, and roll out a new round of mental health promotion programs for students. We will ensure that “one physical education class every day”, “no less than two hours of comprehensive sports activities daily” and “15-minute breaks between classes” are fully delivered in every school and benefit every student.

守牢教育公平底线。坚持基础教育公益属性，持续扩大优质教育资源覆盖面，为每个适龄儿童提供公平且有质量的教育。要深入实施扩优提质行动。学前教育要加大公办幼儿园学位供给，义务教育要适应强国建设需要提高建设标准，高中教育要深入实施县中振兴行动计划，重点解决县中优秀师资和生源流失、办学条件薄弱等问题。要持续规范招生入学秩序。常态化开展中小学“阳光招生”工作，进一步健全公平入学长效机制，坚决杜绝义务教育“掐尖招生”、暗箱操作和违规分班等，规范开展普通高中招生工作，严格落实属地招生和“公民同招”，形成公平公开、规范透明、监管有力的制度安排。要关心关爱困难群体。完善农村留守儿童关爱体系，健全控辍保学常态化机制。保障流动儿童入学权利，推动符合条件的随迁子女义务教育享有同流入地户籍人口同等权利，因地制宜放宽流入地中考报名条件。加强残疾儿童教育保障，扩大孤独症教育资源，进一步提升融合教育、送教上门质量，畅通残疾儿童接受高等教育渠道。推进专门教育优质规范发展，科学规划建设，严格规范管理，注重教育关爱，提高教育矫治效果。

Uphold the bottom line of educational equity. We will preserve the public welfare nature of basic education, continuously expand the coverage of high-quality educational resources, and provide equitable and quality education for every school-age child. We will thoroughly implement the initiative to expand access and improve quality. Preschool education will see an increased supply of public kindergarten places. For compulsory education, construction standards will be raised to meet the needs of building a strong country. Senior high school education will advance the Rural Vitalization Action Plan for County-level Senior High Schools, focusing on tackling such problems as the outflow of outstanding teachers and students and weak school-running conditions. We will continuously standardize enrollment order, carry out regular "sunshine enrollment" for primary and secondary schools, further improve the long-term mechanism for equitable enrollment, and firmly put an end to practices including "selecting top students", under-the-table operations and illegal class splitting in compulsory education. We will standardize the enrollment of senior high schools, strictly implement local enrollment and the policy of "equal enrollment for both local and migrant students", and form an enrollment system featuring fairness, openness, standardization, transparency and robust supervision. We will care for vulnerable groups in education, improve the care system for left-behind children in rural areas, and establish a regular mechanism to prevent school dropout. We will guarantee the school admission rights of migrant children, strive to ensure that eligible children of migrant workers enjoy equal rights to compulsory education as local registered residents, and relax the registration requirements for senior high school entrance examinations for migrant students in destination areas in light of local conditions. We will strengthen educational support for children with disabilities, expand educational resources for autistic children, further improve inclusive education and home-based teaching services, and smooth channels for children with disabilities to receive higher education. We will promote the high-quality and standardized development of special education, pursue scientific planning and construction, enforce strict and standardized management, attach importance to educational care, and enhance the effect of educational correction.

优化教育资源配置。学龄人口的阶段性、结构性变化，既是挑战，也为教育体系重构、资源重组、布局优化和质量提升提供了历史机遇。要因地制宜分类施策。精准预测、科学研判学龄人口变化情况，完善基础教育布局规划，加强中小学师资等资源跨区域、跨学校、跨学段动态调整。结合实际有序推进小班化教学，更好地实现因材施教、关注个体成长。要保障高中阶段渡峰。在人口持续净流入、学位缺口持续增加的县城和中心城区，鼓励和支持各地盘活各类资源，增加学位供给。坚持平急结合、远近兼顾，为未来学龄人口下降留出回旋空间，避免大面积闲置。要补齐乡村教育短板。稳妥推进农村学校布局调整，通过集团化办学、城乡教育共同体等方式，办好寄宿制学校和必要的乡村小规模学校。统筹用好富余资产，提高教育资源使用效益。要完善基础教育管理体制。建立健全“省级统筹、以县为主、市县结合”管理体制，在更高层级、更大范围统筹经费保障、学校布局、学位供给、师资调配等，提升资源配置效率和公平保障能力。

Optimize the allocation of educational resources. The phased and structural changes in the school-age population pose challenges as well as historic opportunities for the reconstruction of the education system, reorganization of resources, layout optimization and quality improvement. We will adopt targeted measures tailored to local conditions, accurately forecast and scientifically analyze changes in the school-age population, improve the layout planning of basic education, and strengthen the dynamic cross-regional, cross-school and cross-stage adjustment of resources such as teachers for primary and secondary schools. We will steadily advance small-class teaching in light of realities to better implement teaching suited to students’ aptitude and focus on individual growth. We will cope with the enrollment peak of senior high schools. In counties and central urban areas with continuous net population inflow and growing shortage of school places, we will encourage and support local governments to revitalize various stock resources and increase the supply of school places. We will combine steady progress with contingency planning and reserve room for the future decline of the school-age population to avoid large-scale idle school facilities. We will shore up weaknesses in rural education, steadily push forward the layout adjustment of rural schools, and run boarding schools and necessary small-scale rural schools well through group school-running and urban-rural education communities. We will make coordinated use of surplus assets to raise the efficiency of educational resources. We will improve the management system of basic education and establish and refine a management system featuring "provincial overall planning, county-level implementation and city-level coordination". At a higher level and on a larger scale, we will coordinate fund guarantee, school layout, school place supply and teacher deployment to boost the efficiency of resource allocation and the capacity to safeguard equity.

塑造发展新优势。把握智能时代启智增慧的内核、创新潜质的关键，让学生拥有内驱力、好奇心、探求欲，增强适应时代变化的能力。要深化新时代基础教育课程改革。加强十二年一体化改革设计，提高体育、艺术、劳动等课程比重，强化小学、初中阶段综合课程设置，开展项目化、探究式和团队合作学习，切实推动从知识传授向核心素养、关键能力培育转变。要实施基础教育数字化战略。深入推进国家中小学智慧教育平台集成化、智能化、国际化，扩大优质教育资源受益面。深化科技教育和人文教育协同，统筹大中小学科技教育一体化实施，持续实施青少年学生读书行动。稳慎推进人工智能应用，推动人工智能赋能教、学、管、评、研，严格管控面向未成年人的算法推荐，防范数字安全与伦理风险。要稳步实施基础教育国际交流合作行动。坚持标准先行、品牌引领，深化同国际组织和多边机制合作，推进高水平对外开放，建立健全课程教材、科技教育、教师教育、人工智能教育、教育质量监测等基础教育中国标准。

Foster new strengths for development. We will grasp the essence of wisdom enlightenment and the key to unlocking innovation potential in the intelligent era, cultivate students’ internal motivation, curiosity and desire for exploration, and enhance their capacity to adapt to changes of the times. We will deepen the curriculum reform of basic education in the new era, strengthen the integrated reform design spanning 12 years of schooling, increase the proportion of physical education, art and labor courses, enhance comprehensive curriculum design in primary and junior high schools, and carry out project-based, inquiry-based and collaborative learning, so as to realize the shift from knowledge transmission to competency cultivation. We will implement the digitalization strategy for basic education, further integrate, intellectualize and internationalize the national smart education platform for primary and secondary schools to expand the reach of high-quality educational resources. We will deepen the coordination between science and humanities education, coordinate the integrated implementation of science education across primary, secondary and higher education, and continue the reading campaign for young students. We will steadily promote the application of artificial intelligence, empower teaching, learning, administration, evaluation and research with AI, strictly regulate algorithm recommendation for minors, and guard against ethical and safety risks. We will steadily advance international exchanges and cooperation in basic education. Adhering to standard-setting and brand leadership, we will deepen cooperation with international organizations and multilateral mechanisms, promote high-level opening-up, and develop China’s standards for basic education covering curriculum textbooks, science education, teacher education, artificial intelligence education and education quality monitoring.

锻造高水平教师队伍。以教育家精神为引领，实施教师发展国家行动，一体推进教师培养、培训、管理、保障建设改革。要更加注重教师核心素养提升。改革教师教育课程体系，强化教师思想道德修养，加强对教师数智和科技素养、人文素养、创新思维、跨学科综合素养等培养。关注青年教师成长，建立新招聘教师在办学水平较高的学校见习培养制度。坚持师德师风第一标准，严格落实师德失范“零容忍”。要更加注重高质量教师发展体系构建。统筹好综合大学科研创新强、师范院校教育基础强、中小学校教学实践强、地方政府保障强的优势，全面提升教师培养质量。提高师范教育办学水平，守好师范本位，推动更多高水平大学参与“国优计划”，建设国家卓越教师学院，推动卓越教师培养改革，让优秀的人培养更优秀的人。要更加注重教师待遇权益保障。继续加大教师工资待遇保障力度，减轻中小学教师非教育教学负担，完善教师发展权益保障制度，形成政府引导、学校支持、家长协同、社会理解的良好氛围，让教师潜心教书、静心育人。

Forge a high-level teaching force. Guided by the spirit of educators, we will implement the national action plan for teacher development and promote the reform of teacher training, management, and support in an integrated manner. We must pay more attention to improving teachers' core competencies. Reform the teacher education curriculum system, strengthen teachers' ideological and moral cultivation, and enhance the cultivation of teachers' digital and technological literacy, humanistic literacy, innovative thinking, and interdisciplinary comprehensive literacy. Pay attention to the growth of young teachers and establish a system for newly recruited teachers to intern and train in schools with high school management standards. We must adhere to the primary standard of teachers' ethics and conduct, and strictly implement the "zero tolerance" policy for any lapse in teachers' ethics. We must pay more attention to building a high-quality teacher development system. We must comprehensively improve the quality of teacher training by leveraging the advantages of strong scientific research and innovation in comprehensive universities, strong educational foundations in teacher training colleges, strong teaching practices in primary and secondary schools, and strong local government support. We will improve the level of teacher education, uphold the fundamental role of teachers, encourage more high-level universities to participate in the "National Excellent Teachers Program," build national excellent teacher colleges, promote reforms in the training of excellent teachers, and enable outstanding people to cultivate even more outstanding people. We must pay more attention to protecting teachers' compensation and rights. We will continue to strengthen the protection of teachers' salaries and benefits, reduce the non-teaching burden on primary and secondary school teachers, improve the system for protecting teachers' development rights, and create a positive atmosphere of government guidance, school support, parental collaboration, and social understanding, so that teachers can devote themselves to teaching and nurturing students.

构建良好发展生态。以改革创新为动力，积极推进育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制等改革，更好激发办学活力。统筹落实“双减”政策和提升教育教学质量，强化学校育人主阵地作用，持续提升校外培训治理水平。要有序推进中考改革。坚持依标命题、突出素养导向，优化考试方式、完善计分科目，招考联动、增加普通高中招生计划，探索登记入学、均衡派位、划片招生等多元录取方式，推动高中特色发展，让孩子选择适合的成长路径，缓解教育内卷和社会焦虑。引导树立科学的人才观、成才观、教育观，扭转唯分应试导向。要规范办学行为。加大对超时学习、违规补课、频繁考试等行为的治理力度，减轻学生过重学业负担。严禁地方党委和政府对教育行政部门和学校下达升学指标，严禁以中高考“状元”、名校率、升学率等评价奖励学校、教师和学生。加强对民办中小学、国际学校办学行为的规范引导。要发挥督导作用。在推进县域义务教育优质均衡发展的同时，向学前和高中拓展，促进基础教育整体均衡发展，鼓励有条件的地方探索市域内均衡发展的有效路径。要强化社会协同。加快实现“教联体”建设县域全覆盖，联责任、联资源、联空间，统筹整合校内外教育资源。以教育立法厘清政府、学校、家庭、社会的权责边界，形成全社会关心支持基础教育的强大合力。（作者为教育部党组书记、部长）

Build a sound development ecosystem. Driven by reform and innovation, we will actively promote reforms in educational methods, school management models, management systems, and support mechanisms to better stimulate the vitality of school management. We will coordinate the implementation of the "double reduction" policy with the improvement of the quality of education and teaching, strengthen the role of schools as the main battleground for educating people, and continuously improve the governance level of after-school training. We must advance the reform of the high school entrance examination in an orderly manner. We will adhere to the principles of setting questions according to standards, emphasizing quality orientation, optimizing examination methods, improving scoring subjects, linking enrollment and examination, increasing enrollment quotas for regular high schools, exploring diversified admission methods such as registration enrollment, balanced placement, and zoning enrollment, promoting the distinctive development of high schools, allowing children to choose suitable growth paths, and alleviating educational involution and social anxiety. We should guide the establishment of a scientific view of talent, talent development, and education, and reverse the orientation of focusing solely on scores in examinations. School operations must be standardized. Intensify efforts to address behaviors such as overtime study, illegal tutoring, and frequent exams to reduce students' excessive academic burden. Local Party committees and governments are strictly prohibited from issuing college entrance examination quotas to education administrative departments and schools, and are strictly prohibited from rewarding schools, teachers, and students with evaluations such as "top scorers" in the middle and high school entrance examinations, the rate of prestigious schools, and the rate of college entrance examinations. Strengthen standardized guidance for the operation of private primary and secondary schools and international schools. We must play a supervisory role. While promoting the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education in counties, we should expand it to preschool and high school, promote the overall balanced development of basic education, and encourage places with the necessary conditions to explore effective paths for balanced development within the city. We must strengthen social collaboration. Accelerate the construction of "teaching consortia" to achieve full coverage across counties, linking responsibilities, resources, and space, and coordinating and integrating educational resources both inside and outside schools. Education legislation should clarify the boundaries of powers and responsibilities between the government, schools, families, and society, and form a powerful synergy for the whole society to care for and support basic education. (The author is the Party Secretary and Minister of Education)