梅兵：数智时代教育家精神引领下的高校教师素养提升

Mei Bing: Improving the quality of college teachers under the guidance of the educator spirit in the era of digital intelligence

教育家精神引领高校教师素养提升的时代内涵

The Era Connotation of Educator Spirit Leading the Improvement of College Teachers' Literacy

数智技术的深度应用正在重构高等教育生态，高校教师既面临技术赋能的机遇，也面临着技术带来的挑战。教育家精神所蕴含的理想信念、道德情操、育人智慧、躬耕态度、仁爱之心和弘道追求，为高校教师应对数智化技术挑战、实现自我超越提供了精神坐标与根本遵循。

The in-depth application of digital and intelligent technologies is reconstructing the ecosystem of higher education. University teachers are faced with both opportunities empowered by technology and challenges brought by technology. The ideal and belief, moral sentiment, educational wisdom, dedicated attitude, benevolent heart, and pursuit of promoting the Dao contained in the educator spirit provide university teachers with a spiritual coordinate and fundamental guidance to cope with the challenges of digital and intelligent technologies and achieve self-transcendence.

1.数智时代高校教师素养发展的精神坐标

1. Spiritual coordinates of the development of college teachers' literacy in the era of digital intelligence

数智时代的高校教师素养发展，是以教育家精神为魂、以数字能力为体、以育人实践为场的整体性演进过程，指向实现技术理性与教育理念的深度融合、工具应用与人文关怀的辩证统一。它不再是传统素养的简单延伸，而是在数字文明新形态中教师身份、伦理角色与发展逻辑的整体重塑，助力教师在汲取技术力量的同时坚守教育本质，从而形成更加公平、更具质量、更富生命力的高等教育生态。从现实来看，随着数智技术的迅猛发展，高等教育正经历深层次转型，高校教师的角色与素养结构也正处于系统性重塑的历史阶段。以教育家精神为精神坐标，构建兼具技术适应性与人文引领性的新型教师素养体系，已成为推动高等教育高质量发展的关键举措。

The development of university teachers' literacy in the digital intelligence era is an overall evolutionary process with the spirit of educators as its soul, digital capabilities as its body, and educational practice as its field. It aims to achieve the in-depth integration of technical rationality and educational concepts, and the dialectical unity of tool application and humanistic care. It is no longer a simple extension of traditional literacy, but an overall reshaping of teachers' identities, ethical roles, and development logic in the new form of digital civilization. It helps teachers adhere to the essence of education while absorbing technical power, thereby forming a more equitable, high-quality, and vibrant higher education ecosystem. In reality, with the rapid development of digital intelligence technology, higher education is undergoing in-depth transformation, and the roles and literacy structures of university teachers are in a historical stage of systematic reshaping. Taking the spirit of educators as the spiritual coordinate and constructing a new teacher literacy system that combines technical adaptability and humanistic leadership has become a key measure to promote the high-quality development of higher education.

数智时代要求高校教师坚守立德树人根本任务，提升技术整合与伦理判断的双重能力。教师不仅应具备数字工具的应用素养、数据驱动的决策能力，将技术赋能转化为教育效能，更应在技术融合中保持育人初心，坚守育人方向。高校可紧密结合未来教育教学特征开设专门的信息技术与智能教育课程[3]，依托多元平台强化教师的数智教学能力。

The era of digital intelligence requires college teachers to adhere to the fundamental task of cultivating moral integrity and cultivating people, and improve the dual abilities of technological integration and ethical judgment. Teachers should not only have the application literacy of digital tools and data-driven decision-making ability, but also transform technological empowerment into educational efficiency, but also maintain the initial intention of educating people and stick to the direction of educating people in technological integration. Colleges and universities can closely combine the characteristics of future education and teaching to set up special information technology and intelligent education courses [3], and rely on multiple platforms to strengthen teachers' digital intelligence teaching ability.

教师素养需实现从传统教学向精准化、个性化与跨学科协同的结构转型。数智技术支持教师实施差异化和沉浸式教学，推动“因材施教”走向深入实践。虚拟仿真、智能评测等工具有助于还原真实教学情境，提升教学的有效性和适应性。教师应具备跨界整合与社会衔接的能力，打破学科壁垒，促进教育与社会、产业的深度融合，从而实现知识传授与能力培养在更高层次上的统一。

Teachers' literacy needs to realize the structural transformation from traditional teaching to precision, personalization and interdisciplinary collaboration. Digital technology supports teachers to implement differentiated and immersive teaching, and promotes "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" to move towards in-depth practice. Tools such as virtual simulation and intelligent evaluation can help to restore real teaching situations and improve the effectiveness and adaptability of teaching. Teachers should have the ability of cross-border integration and social connection, break down disciplinary barriers, and promote the deep integration of education, society and industry, so as to realize the unity of knowledge transfer and ability cultivation at a higher level.

高校教师素养提升机制应强调整合创新、自我更新与全球视野。面对快速迭代的技术环境，高校教师必须具备持续学习与技术跟踪的能力，对此，高校应建立包含适应性重构和迭代创新在内的专业发展机制。高校可通过监测教育技术前沿、开发智能教学资源、定制教师培训体系，推动教师实现终身学习和教学创新。此外，在弘扬中华教育智慧的同时，教师应具备国际视野，积极借鉴国际经验，利用数智平台传播中国教育实践成果，参与全球教育对话。

The mechanism of improving teachers' literacy in colleges and universities should emphasize integration and innovation, self-renewal and global vision. Facing the rapidly iterative technical environment, college teachers must have the ability of continuous learning and technology tracking. Therefore, colleges and universities should establish a professional development mechanism including adaptive reconstruction and iterative innovation. Colleges and universities can promote teachers to achieve lifelong learning and teaching innovation by monitoring the frontier of educational technology, developing intelligent teaching resources and customizing teacher training systems. In addition, while promoting Chinese educational wisdom, teachers should have an international perspective, actively learn from international experience, use digital intelligence platforms to disseminate Chinese educational practice achievements, and participate in global educational dialogues.

2.教育家精神引领高校教师素养提升的时代价值

2. The value of the times that educator spirit leads to the improvement of college teachers' literacy

在数智时代，智能算法提供个性化学习指导，虚拟现实技术创造沉浸式学习体验，这让人不禁思考：高校教师的角色是否会被弱化？在这样的时代背景下，教育家精神的引领作用更加珍贵。

In the era of digital intelligence, intelligent algorithms provide personalized learning guidance, and virtual reality technology creates an immersive learning experience, which makes people think: Will the role of college teachers be weakened? Under this background, the leading role of educator spirit is even more precious.

其一，教育家精神是抵御技术异化的重要屏障。当教育过分依赖技术时，很容易将教育简化为知识传递和能力训练的机械过程，忽视教育的价值引领和人格培养功能。教育家精神提醒我们，教育的本质是人对人的影响，技术只是辅助手段，不能取代教育者对学生的价值引导。

First, educational spirit is an important barrier to resist technological alienation. When education relies too much on technology, it is easy to simplify education into a mechanical process of knowledge transfer and ability training, ignoring the value guidance and personality cultivation functions of education. The spirit of educators reminds us that the essence of education is the influence of people on people, and technology is only an auxiliary means, which can't replace the value guidance of educators to students.

其二，教育家精神是保持教育温度的关键所在。数智时代的教育教学，不仅需要精准的知识传授，更需要适时的鼓励、引导和关爱，真正理解学生情感需求和成长困惑。教育家精神强调教育的人文关怀，确保教育不会变得冰冷机械，而是保持温暖与关怀。

Secondly, the educator spirit is the key to keep the educational temperature. Education and teaching in the era of digital intelligence require not only accurate knowledge transfer, but also timely encouragement, guidance and care to truly understand students' emotional needs and growth confusion. The educational spirit emphasizes the humanistic care of education, ensuring that education will not become cold and mechanical, but keep warm and caring.

其三，教育家精神是培养高素质人才的必要保障。在信息爆炸时代，学生更需要具备批判思维、伦理意识和社会责任感。教育家精神强调育人功能，引导学生在技术洪流中保持独立判断，理性使用技术，成为具有人文素养和社会担当的高素质人才。

Thirdly, educator spirit is the necessary guarantee for cultivating high-quality talents. In the era of information explosion, students need to have critical thinking, ethical consciousness and social responsibility. The educational spirit emphasizes the function of educating people, and guides students to maintain independent judgment in the torrent of technology, use technology rationally, and become high-quality talents with humanistic quality and social responsibility.

其四，教育家精神是连接过去与未来的重要纽带。它传承教育历史智慧，不断吸收新理念和新方法，使教育既有深厚文化根基，又能与时代同步前进。在技术快速迭代的今天，这种连接尤为重要，它能帮助我们在技术变革中保持教育连续性和稳定性。

Fourthly, educational spirit is an important link between the past and the future. It inherits the historical wisdom of education, constantly absorbs new ideas and methods, and makes education not only have a profound cultural foundation, but also keep pace with the times. In today's rapid iteration of technology, this connection is particularly important, and it can help us maintain educational continuity and stability amid technological changes.

3.深化教师教育改革的时代呼唤

3. The call of the times to deepen the reform of teacher education

落实《教育强国建设规划纲要(2024—2035年)》和教育强国建设三年行动计划综合改革试点中关于教师教育改革的部署，关键在于以教育家精神为引领，系统性优化教师教育生态。

The key to implementing the "Outline of the Plan for Building a Strong Education Country (2024-2035)" and the deployment of teacher education reform in the comprehensive reform pilot of the three-year action plan for building a strong education country lies in systematically optimizing the teacher education ecology under the guidance of the educator spirit.

一是优化布局结构，提升教师教育能级。将教育家精神深度融入教师职前培养与职后发展全过程，作为教师教育课程体系的核心灵魂。优化教师教育院校布局，鼓励和支持更多高水平综合性大学发挥学科综合优势举办教师教育，与高水平师范院校形成互补共生的新格局。大力支持师范院校聚焦主责主业，深化“双一流”建设，显著提升教师教育办学层次与核心竞争力，打造教师教育高质量发展的坚实基地。

First, optimize the layout structure and enhance the capacity of teacher education. Deeply integrate the spirit of educators into the entire process of pre-service training and post-service development of teachers, making it the core soul of the teacher education curriculum system. Optimize the layout of teacher education institutions, encourage and support more high-level comprehensive universities to leverage their interdisciplinary advantages in running teacher education, and form a new pattern of complementary coexistence with high-level normal universities. Strongly support normal universities to focus on their main responsibilities and tasks, deepen the "Double First-Class" construction, significantly improve the educational level and core competitiveness of teacher education, and build a solid foundation for the high-quality development of teacher education.

二是提升生源与培养质量，筑牢强师之基。通过实施国家优秀教师培养计划，如“国优计划”“优师计划”等，吸引更多乐教适教的优秀学生攻读师范专业；深化招生选拔机制改革，探索开放式师范生招生制度与跨学科优秀生源选拔机制。例如，华东师范大学除积极落实“优师计划”“国优计划”外，还向非师范生开放转师范通道或选修教师教育课程，从源头上保障未来教师的卓越潜质。

Second, improve the quality of student recruitment and training to lay a solid foundation for strengthening teachers. By implementing national excellent teacher training programs such as the "National Excellent Teacher Program" and the "Excellent Teacher Program", more outstanding students who are willing and suitable for teaching are attracted to study in teacher education majors; deepen the reform of the enrollment and selection mechanism, and explore an open teacher education student enrollment system and an interdisciplinary excellent student recruitment mechanism. For example, in addition to actively implementing the "Excellent Teacher Program" and the "National Excellent Teacher Program", East China Normal University has opened channels for non-teacher education students to switch to teacher education majors or take teacher education courses, ensuring the excellent potential of future teachers from the source.

三是建立供需适配机制，破解结构性短缺。强化教师培养供给侧结构性改革，基于基础教育发展需求，加强跨学科教师、特殊教育教师、紧缺学科教师培养，并强化适应小班化教学、选课走班等新要求的复合型教师培养。推进教师教育课程体系与培养模式深度更新，融合数智技术与学科前沿，强化实践能力与国际视野。加大教师教育国际交流合作力度，借鉴国际先进经验，提升我国教师培养的国际竞争力与适应性，更好满足创新人才培养和国家战略发展对高水平师资的新需求。

Third, establish a mechanism for matching supply and demand to address structural shortages. Strengthen structural reforms on the supply side of teacher training. Based on the development needs of basic education, enhance the training of interdisciplinary teachers, special education teachers, and teachers in shortage subjects. Also, strengthen the training of compound teachers who can adapt to new requirements such as small-class teaching and course selection and mobility systems. Promote in-depth updates to the teacher education curriculum system and training models, integrate digital and intelligent technologies with cutting-edge disciplinary knowledge, and strengthen practical abilities and international perspectives. Increase efforts in international exchanges and cooperation in teacher education, learn from advanced international experiences, enhance the international competitiveness and adaptability of China's teacher training, and better meet the new demands for high-level teachers in cultivating innovative talents and national strategic development.

数智时代高校教师对教育家精神的传承与发展

Inheritance and Development of Educator Spirit by College Teachers in the Age of Digital Intelligence

面对技术迭代对教育理念、模式与师生关系的深刻影响，高校教师需以“坚守教育信念”锚定育人方向，以“传承教育情怀”守护教育温度，以“融合技术理念”激活教育创新。

Faced with the profound impact of technological iteration on educational concepts, models and the relationship between teachers and students, college teachers need to anchor the direction of education by "sticking to educational beliefs", protecting educational temperature by "inheriting educational feelings" and activating educational innovation by "integrating technological concepts".

1.坚守教育信念，明确育人方向

1. Adhere to educational beliefs and clarify the direction of educating people

锚定人的全面发展。高校教师应坚守教育家精神，将促进人的全面发展作为教育的核心目标。数智技术虽能优化知识传递效率，但无法替代价值观塑造。教育者需将社会主义核心价值观融入课程体系，通过“大思政课”强化家国情怀教育。

Anchor the all-round development of people. Teachers in colleges and universities should stick to the spirit of educators and take promoting people's all-round development as the core goal of education. Although digital intelligence technology can optimize the efficiency of knowledge transfer, it cannot replace the shaping of values. Educators need to integrate socialist core values into the curriculum system, and strengthen the education of home and country feelings through "big ideological and political courses".

捍卫教育的技术伦理。数字鸿沟可能加剧资源分配不均，高校教师应积极参与政策创新，努力破解困局。华东师范大学通过“师范教育协同提质计划”，结对帮扶中西部师范院校，共享智能教育资源，体现了教育家精神中的“胸怀天下”担当。

Defending the technological ethics of education. The digital divide may aggravate the uneven distribution of resources, so college teachers should actively participate in policy innovation and strive to solve the dilemma. Through the "Collaborative Quality Improvement Plan of Normal Education", East China Normal University has paired up to help normal colleges in the central and western regions and share intelligent education resources, which reflects the responsibility of "keeping the world in mind" in the spirit of educators.

构建技术审慎的应用框架。在应用数智技术时，高校教师应坚守教育规律，提出并遵循“AI+教育”伦理准则，如“学生中心、数据透明、隐私保护”等原则。智能学情分析系统等技术工具应作为辅助手段，由教师主导教学设计，避免算法替代人性化判断。

Build a technically prudent application framework. When applying digital intelligence technology, college teachers should adhere to the laws of education, put forward and follow the ethical principles of "AI + education", such as "student center, data transparency, privacy protection" and other principles. Technical tools such as intelligent learning situation analysis system should be used as auxiliary means, and teachers should lead the teaching design to avoid algorithms replacing humanized judgments.

2.传承教育情怀，关注个体成长

2. Inherit educational feelings and pay attention to individual growth

重塑师生之间的情感联结。教育情怀是抵御技术异化的精神堡垒。高校教师应通过教学设计与文化浸润，重塑师生之间的情感联结。华东师范大学教师每周与学生开展“教育叙事对话”，深入理解学生需求和困惑，给予及时指导和支持。

Reshape the emotional bond between teachers and students. Educational feelings are a spiritual fortress against technological alienation. University teachers should reshape the emotional bond between teachers and students through teaching design and cultural infiltration. Teachers at East China Normal University hold "educational narrative dialogues" with students every week to deeply understand students' needs and confusions and provide timely guidance and support.

构建促进全面发展的评价体系。在数智时代，高校教师应更加注重学生的人格塑造和价值观培养。可借助数字画像技术记录学生德智体美劳全面发展的轨迹，引导教师关注个体差异与潜能。

Build an evaluation system to promote all-round development. In the era of digital intelligence, college teachers should pay more attention to students' personality shaping and values cultivation. Digital portrait technology can be used to record the track of students' all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and guide teachers to pay attention to individual differences and potentials.

激活教师发展的内生动力。弘扬教育家精神要将其从“外部要求”转化为“内在信仰”。高校应在职前教育与职后培训中开设“教育叙事工作坊”，鼓励教师与师范生将精神传承与专业成长深度融合转化，把教育家精神转化到校园生活的每一个角落里、每一天的课堂上和学生的每一刻的学习之中[4]。

Activate the endogenous motivation of teacher development. To carry forward the spirit of educators, we should transform it from "external requirements" to "internal beliefs". Colleges and universities should set up "educational narrative workshops" in pre-service education and post-service training, encourage teachers and normal students to deeply integrate and transform spiritual inheritance and professional growth, and transform the educator spirit into every corner of campus life, every day's classroom and every moment of students' study [4].

3.融合技术理念，创新教育模式

3. Integrate technical concepts and innovate educational models

理解技术对教育的影响。高校教师不仅是知识的传授者，更是数智技术应用的引领者、教育改革创新的推动者[5]。高校教师应深刻理解数智技术对教育的影响不仅是知识获取方式的改变，更是学习环境和师生互动模式的革新。

Understanding the impact of technology on education. College teachers are not only the imparters of knowledge, but also the leaders of the application of digital intelligence technology and the promoters of educational reform and innovation [5]. Teachers in colleges and universities should deeply understand that the impact of digital intelligence technology on education is not only a change in the way of knowledge acquisition, but also an innovation in the learning environment and teacher-student interaction mode.

构建人机协同的教学范式。人工智能助力个性化学习，需与教师智慧深度融合。华东师范大学研发“水杉在线”智能平台，基于学情数据为教师提供分层教学建议，保留教师设计“生成性课堂”自主权，促进技术与教育的共生共长。

Construct a teaching paradigm of human-machine collaboration. Artificial intelligence helps personalized learning and needs to be deeply integrated with teachers' wisdom. East China Normal University has developed the "Metasequoia Online" intelligent platform, which provides teachers with hierarchical teaching suggestions based on academic data, retains teachers' autonomy in designing "generative classrooms", and promotes the symbiosis and co-growth of technology and education.

培育面向未来的数字素养。高校教师应从“技术使用者”转变为“教育创新者”，成为学习的引导者和促进者。华东师范大学开设“AI+X”微专业，培养教师和学生辩证运用技术的能力，引导学生在海量信息中辨别真伪，构建知识体系，为迎接未来的挑战做好准备。

Fostering digital literacy for the future. Teachers in colleges and universities should change from "technology users" to "educational innovators" and become the guides and promoters of learning. East China Normal University offers "AI + X" micro-major to cultivate teachers and students' ability to use technology dialectically, guide students to distinguish authenticity from falsehood in massive information, build a knowledge system, and prepare for future challenges.

教育家精神引领下数智时代高校教师素养的创新与重构

Innovation and Reconstruction of College Teachers' Literacy in the Digital Intelligence Era Guided by the Educator Spirit

在数智时代，数智技术正在深刻重构人类社会的知识生产、传播与学习方式。弘扬教育家精神，既要传承其中蕴含的核心价值追求，也要回应新技术引发的教育革命，引领高校教师素养的全面提升。

In the era of digital intelligence, digital intelligence technology is profoundly reconstructing the methods of knowledge production, dissemination and learning in human society. To carry forward the spirit of educators, we should not only inherit the core value pursuit contained in it, but also respond to the educational revolution triggered by new technologies, and lead the overall improvement of college teachers' quality.

1.培养创新思维，激发教育新活力

1. Cultivate innovative thinking and stimulate new vitality in education

保持开放心态，拓宽教育视野。数智化时代要求教育者跳出学科和专业局限，保持开放心态和广阔视野。高校教师应关注数智技术、社会发展、经济形势等领域趋势，融入教育反思与实践，让教育实践在数智时代拥有更多可能性。

Maintain an open mindset and broaden educational horizons. The digital and intelligent era requires educators to break free from the limitations of disciplines and specialties, and maintain an open mindset and a broad perspective. University teachers should pay attention to trends in fields such as digital and intelligent technologies, social development, and economic situations, integrate educational reflection and practice, and enable educational practice to have more possibilities in the digital and intelligent era.

增强批判反思，确保创新方向。在数智化浪潮中，教育者应具备批判反思能力，对新范式、新理念进行辩证思考。通过在教学实践中反思教学效果，确保创新方向正确，避免盲目追随新技术而忽视教育本质。

Strengthen critical reflection and ensure the direction of innovation. In the wave of digital intelligence, educators should have the ability to critically reflect and think dialectically about new paradigms and new ideas. By reflecting on the teaching effect in teaching practice, we can ensure the correct direction of innovation and avoid blindly following new technologies and ignoring the essence of education.

勇于尝试实践，培养实验精神。培养创新思维需要教育者有勇于尝试的勇气。高校教师应积极引入新教学软件、智能教学设备，探索利于学生创新思维发展的人机互动路径。

Be brave in trying to practice and cultivate experimental spirit. Cultivating innovative thinking requires educators to have the courage to try. Teachers in colleges and universities should actively introduce new teaching software and intelligent teaching equipment, and explore the human-computer interaction path conducive to the development of students' innovative thinking.

2.强化技术伦理，提升教育新效能

2. Strengthen technical ethics and improve the new efficiency of education

数智时代为提升教育效能带来新可能。数智时代高校教师的素养提升，是一种认知升维，要在“技术应用”与“教育本质”的张力中开辟新实践路径，具体体现为工具理性与价值理性的动态平衡、算法权力与教育伦理的持续博弈。

The era of digital intelligence brings new possibilities to improve educational efficiency. The improvement of college teachers' literacy in the era of digital intelligence is a kind of cognitive upgrading. It is necessary to open up a new practical path in the tension between "technology application" and "educational essence", which is embodied in the dynamic balance between instrumental rationality and value rationality, and the continuous game between algorithmic power and educational ethics.

数智时代高校教师的素养提升离不开工具理性与价值理性的动态平衡。工具理性关注如何高效运用技术达成教育目标，如借助教学软件提高教学效率、用大数据分析定位学生学习问题等。但过度追求工具理性，教育可能沦为技术附庸，这就要求高校教师坚守教育的本质，落实立德树人根本任务，技术应用也应服务于这一根本任务。

The improvement of college teachers' literacy in the era of digital intelligence is inseparable from the dynamic balance between instrumental rationality and value rationality. Tool rationality focuses on how to efficiently use technology to achieve educational goals, such as improving teaching efficiency with the help of teaching software and locating students' learning problems with big data analysis. However, excessive pursuit of instrumental rationality may lead to education as a vassal of technology, which requires college teachers to stick to the essence of education and implement the fundamental task of cultivating people with virtue, and the application of technology should also serve this fundamental task.The digital and intelligent era brings new possibilities for improving educational effectiveness. The enhancement of university teachers' literacy in the digital and intelligent era is a kind of cognitive upgrading. It is necessary to explore new practical paths in the tension between "technological application" and "the essence of education", which is specifically reflected in the dynamic balance between instrumental rationality and value rationality, and the continuous game between algorithmic power and educational ethics.

数智时代高校教师的素养提升也离不开算法权力与教育伦理的持续博弈。算法在数智时代教育中影响力强大，但算法权力若缺乏教育伦理约束，可能引发数据隐私泄露、教育资源分配不公平等问题。对此，要以教育家精神为引领，在技术伦理框架内规范引导算法权力，让算法服务教育公平、促进学生成长。

The improvement of college teachers' literacy in the era of digital intelligence is also inseparable from the continuous game between algorithmic power and educational ethics. Algorithms have a strong influence in education in the era of digital intelligence, but if algorithmic power lacks educational ethical constraints, it may lead to problems such as data privacy leakage and unfair allocation of educational resources. In this regard, it is necessary to take the spirit of educators as the guide, standardize and guide the power of algorithms within the framework of technical ethics, and let algorithms serve educational fairness and promote students' growth.

3.推动跨界融合，拓展教育新边界

3. Promote cross-border integration and expand new boundaries of education

促进学科交叉，培养综合思维。数智技术引发复杂现实问题，需多学科协同解决。高校教师应借助数智技术打破学科壁垒，整合多学科知识，构建沉浸式跨学科学习环境，培养学生综合思维能力。华东师范大学凭借学科交叉传统，在数智时代升级教学模式，推进跨学科课程建设，通过学科融合创新提升教师素养。

Promote interdisciplinary and cultivate comprehensive thinking. Digital intelligence technology causes complex practical problems that require multi-disciplinary collaborative solutions. Teachers in colleges and universities should use digital intelligence technology to break down disciplinary barriers, integrate multidisciplinary knowledge, build an immersive interdisciplinary learning environment, and cultivate students' comprehensive thinking ability. Relying on the interdisciplinary tradition, East China Normal University has upgraded its teaching mode in the era of digital intelligence, promoted the construction of interdisciplinary courses, and improved teachers' quality through discipline integration and innovation.

加强社会联系，服务实际需求。数智时代高校教师需借助数智技术洞察社会发展需求，加强与各行各业的联系。通过引入企业真实案例、邀请行业专家线上授课等方式，使教育内容贴合实际，教育成果对接社会需求。华东师范大学打造校友数据库，以数字化手段挖掘并宣传基层教育家校友案例；依托AI技术制作教育家精神主题微课与互动资源，扩大榜样示范的辐射效应。

Strengthen social ties and serve actual needs. In the era of digital intelligence, college teachers need to use digital intelligence technology to gain insight into social development needs and strengthen ties with all walks of life. By introducing real cases of enterprises and inviting industry experts to give lectures online, the educational content is in line with reality, and the educational achievements meet the social needs. East China Normal University builds an alumni database to dig and publicize alumni cases of grassroots educators by digital means; Relying on AI technology to produce micro-lessons and interactive resources on the theme of educators' spirit, and expand the radiation effect of role models.

拓展国际视野，培养全球人才。数智技术突破地域限制，促进全球教育资源流通。高校教师应具备国际视野，运用数智工具借鉴各国先进教育经验，培养具有全球胜任力的人才。如华东师范大学通过联合国教科文组织平台建立海外培训基地、开展国际学术交流等，推动教育家精神的全球传播与本土化实践融合，以此引导高校教师不断提升自身素养，适应新时代的教育需求，为培养适应未来发展的高素质人才贡献力量。

Expand international horizons and cultivate global talents. Digital technology breaks through geographical restrictions and promotes the circulation of global educational resources. Teachers in colleges and universities should have an international perspective, use digital intelligence tools to learn from the advanced educational experience of various countries, and cultivate talents with global competence. For example, East China Normal University has established overseas training bases and carried out international academic exchanges through the UNESCO platform, so as to promote the global spread of educator spirit and the integration of localization practice, so as to guide college teachers to continuously improve their own literacy, adapt to the educational needs of the new era, and contribute to the cultivation of high-quality talents for future development.

教育家精神引领下数智时代高校教师素养提升的实践路径

Practical path to improve the quality of college teachers in the era of digital intelligence under the guidance of educator spirit

数智技术深度发展重构教育生态，落实教育家精神需突破传统思维框架，构建适应数字智能时代的新范式。高校教师特别是从事教师教育的高校教师作为教育实践的主体，其素养的提升是落实教育家精神的重要一环。

The in-depth development of digital intelligence technology reconstructs the educational ecology, and the implementation of the educator spirit requires breaking through the traditional thinking framework and building a new paradigm that adapts to the era of digital intelligence. College teachers, especially those engaged in teacher education, are the main body of educational practice, and the improvement of their literacy is an important part of implementing the spirit of educators.

1.构建数智化教育体系，提升教育整体效能

1. Build a digital and intelligent education system to improve the overall efficiency of education

创建虚实融合的教育新样态。高校教师应积极参与构建“物理—数字—社会”三维空间贯通的育人环境。通过开发智能教学助手系统实现精准施教，建设元宇宙教育社区拓展学习场域，设计跨学科智能项目促进深度学习，将教育家精神融入各教育空间。

Create a new educational pattern that integrates virtual and real. Teachers in colleges and universities should actively participate in the construction of an educational environment with three-dimensional space of "physics-digital-society". Through the development of intelligent teaching assistant system, accurate teaching can be achieved, metaverse education community can be built to expand the learning field, interdisciplinary intelligent projects can be designed to promote deep learning, and educator spirit can be integrated into various educational spaces.

构建数智化评价机制。高校教师应转变评价理念，从“结果评判”转向“发展赋能”，将评价定位为“学习过程的支持系统”和“成长潜能的激活工具”。评价维度要从“单一”走向“多元”，构建“知识—能力—素养—价值”评价模型，全面评估学生。评价方法要从“经验判断”转向“人机协同”，利用机器学习算法处理结构化数据，教师解读非结构化数据，共同生成评价报告。

Build a digital and intelligent evaluation mechanism. Teachers in colleges and universities should change their evaluation concept from "result evaluation" to "development empowerment", and position evaluation as a "support system for learning process" and a "activation tool for growth potential". The evaluation dimension should change from "single" to "pluralistic", and a "knowledge-ability-literacy-value" evaluation model should be constructed to comprehensively evaluate students. The evaluation method should shift from "empirical judgment" to "human-machine collaboration", use machine learning algorithms to process structured data, and teachers interpret unstructured data to jointly generate evaluation reports.

构建数智化教育管理机制。高校教师应支持搭建智能化教育管理平台，以大数据技术为核心支撑，整合各环节数据资源，实现互联互通与实时共享。华东师范大学依托师德考核大数据分析，实现教师队伍“选、育、管、用”全流程智能化监管，确保师德师风建设精准化、动态化。

Build a digital and intelligent education management mechanism. Teachers in colleges and universities should support the establishment of intelligent education management platform, take big data technology as the core support, integrate data resources in all links, and realize interconnection and real-time sharing. Relying on the big data analysis of teachers' morality assessment, East China Normal University realizes the intelligent supervision of the whole process of "selection, education, management and use" of teachers' team, and ensures the precision and dynamic construction of teachers' morality and style.

2.培养数智化教师队伍，提升教师综合素质

2. Cultivate a team of digital and intelligent teachers and improve their comprehensive quality

更新教师教育内容，夯实数智化能力根基。高校教师应不断更新知识结构，向“教育本质+数字素养+智能技术”三元结构转型。高校在教师教育中应新增数据思维训练、智能教育工具开发等模块，构建适应数智时代的课程体系，重点培育教育数据采集与分析、智能教育场景设计、算法伦理判断、跨学科整合等核心能力。

Update the content of teacher education and consolidate the foundation of digital and intelligent capabilities. University teachers should continuously update their knowledge structure and transform into a ternary structure of "educational essence + digital literacy + intelligent technology". Universities should add modules such as data thinking training and intelligent educational tool development in teacher education, build a curriculum system adapted to the digital and intelligent era, and focus on cultivating core capabilities such as educational data collection and analysis, intelligent education scenario design, algorithmic ethics judgment, and interdisciplinary integration.

创新实践导向的培养模式，激活数智化教学智慧。构建“认知—实践—反思”螺旋上升培养体系，注重实践体验和能力培养，培育教师在复杂教育场景中的人机分工协同决策、数据驱动过程调控、技术伦理风险预判三类决策能力，提升教师在真实情境中应用技术教学的实践智慧。华东师范大学创新源头选拔机制，建立开放式师范生招生制度，不仅按照国家部署招收公费师范生和“优师计划”“国优计划”学生，同时向非师范生开放转师范通道等；设立“佛年教育学创新人才培育计划”，跨学科选拔推免生，实施硕博连读遴选。同时，构建“见习—研习—实习”一体化实践体系，开发“影子校长”智能管理平台，在20余省建立160个实习基地，创新“影子校长”数字化跟岗模式，联动908所联盟校，助力师范生在真实场景体悟教育家精神。

A training model oriented towards innovative practice activates the wisdom of digital and intelligent teaching. A spiral-up training system of "cognition-practice-reflection" is constructed, focusing on practical experience and ability cultivation, to develop teachers' three types of decision-making abilities in complex educational scenarios: collaborative decision-making in human-machine division of labor, data-driven process regulation, and prediction of technical and ethical risks, thereby enhancing teachers' practical wisdom in applying technology to teaching in real situations. East China Normal University has innovated the source selection mechanism and established an open enrollment system for normal university students. It not only recruits public-funded normal students and students under the "Excellent Teacher Program" and "National Excellent Teacher Program" in accordance with national arrangements but also opens a channel for non-normal students to transfer to normal majors, etc. It has also established the "Fonian Education Innovation Talent Cultivation Program" to select interdisciplinary recommended postgraduate students and implement a master's and doctoral continuous study selection process. Meanwhile, it has built an integrated practice system of "probation-study-practice", developed an intelligent management platform for "shadow principals", established 160 internship bases in more than 20 provinces, innovated the digital on-the-job training model for "shadow principals", and linked 908 alliance schools to help normal university students understand the spirit of educators in real scenarios.

构建终身发展的成长机制，保障数智化持续发展。建立教师数字画像与智能诊断系统，采集教师教学行为等数据生成能力发展图谱，坚持把建设潜心育人、潜心学术的创新生态作为长久的改革追求[6]；建立数智化教学能力认证体系，将技术素养纳入教师评价标准；设立专项激励机制，鼓励教师开展智能教育实验研究；构建校企人才流动通道，促进产业技术反哺教育实践。华东师范大学推动教师评价“破五唯”改革：完善“代表作制”，将智库成果、科技成果转化纳入评价；探索长周期考核机制，结合个人与团队评价；对突出贡献者放宽职称晋升限制，激发创新活力。

Establish a growth mechanism for lifelong development to ensure the sustainable development of digital intelligence. Build a digital portrait and intelligent diagnosis system for teachers, collect data such as teachers' teaching behaviors to generate capacity development maps, and persist in taking the construction of an innovative ecosystem where teachers are dedicated to education and academic research as a long-term reform goal[6]; establish a certification system for digital intelligence teaching capabilities, and incorporate technical literacy into teacher evaluation standards; set up special incentive mechanisms to encourage teachers to carry out experimental research on intelligent education; construct channels for talent flow between schools and enterprises to promote the feedback of industrial technologies to educational practices. East China Normal University has promoted the reform of "breaking the five-only" in teacher evaluation: improving the "representative work system" and including think tank achievements and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the evaluation; exploring a long-cycle assessment mechanism that combines individual and team evaluations; relaxing the restrictions on professional title promotion for those who have made outstanding contributions to stimulate innovation vitality.

3.推动数智化教育实践，落实教育家精神

3. Promote the practice of digital intelligence education and implement the spirit of educators

创新教学方式是数智时代教育实践变革的切入点。借助智能技术构建灵活多元教学体系成为趋势，如“智能+小班化”教学模式，助力教师制定个性化教学策略，提升教学效率与质量，为师生、生生互动与学生个性化成长创造条件。

Innovative teaching methods are the breakthrough point for the reform of educational practice in the era of digital intelligence. It has become a trend to build a flexible and diversified teaching system with the help of intelligent technology, such as the "intelligent + small class" teaching mode, which helps teachers formulate personalized teaching strategies, improves teaching efficiency and quality, and creates conditions for teacher-student, student-student interaction and students' personalized growth.

推动体制机制改革落地生根。深化教师教育体制机制改革，需将教育家精神转化为高校具体的制度设计和实践行动。一是积极优化教师教育治理。推行数字化治理与放权改革，下移管理重心，激发基层院系在教师培养模式创新上的活力。建设教育数据智能分析平台，为教师教育决策提供精准支撑。二是强化评价导向引领。深化教师评价改革，破除“五唯”，建立以教书育人实效、实际贡献为导向的评价体系。将技术素养、教育创新、解决教育实际问题能力等纳入评价标准，探索“绩效奖励—卓越激励”相结合的分配制度，激发教师投身教育改革的内生动力。完善“代表作制”，认可智库成果、优质课程、教学创新、科技成果转化等多维贡献。三是构建协同育人生态。建立与人口变化、区域发展相适应的教育资源动态调配机制。加强高校与地方政府、中小学(幼儿园)的深度协同，通过“师范教育协同提质计划”等形式共享智能教育资源，促进优质师资均衡配置。

Promote the implementation of institutional and mechanism reforms. To deepen the reform of the teacher education system and mechanism, it is necessary to transform the spirit of educators into specific institutional designs and practical actions in colleges and universities. First, actively optimize teacher education governance. Implement digital governance and decentralization reforms, shift the management focus downward, and stimulate the vitality of grassroots departments in innovating teacher training models. Build an intelligent analysis platform for educational data to provide accurate support for teacher education decision-making. Second, strengthen the guidance of evaluation orientation. Deepen the reform of teacher evaluation, break the "five-only" tendency, and establish an evaluation system oriented by the effectiveness of teaching and educating people and actual contributions. Incorporate technical literacy, educational innovation, and the ability to solve practical educational problems into evaluation criteria, explore a distribution system combining "performance rewards and excellence incentives", and stimulate teachers' internal motivation to engage in educational reform. Improve the "representative work system" and recognize multi-dimensional contributions such as think tank results, high-quality courses, teaching innovation, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Third, build a collaborative education ecosystem. Establish a dynamic allocation mechanism for educational resources that adapts to population changes and regional development. Strengthen in-depth collaboration between colleges and universities, local governments, and primary and secondary schools (kindergartens), share intelligent educational resources through forms such as the "Collaborative Quality Improvement Plan for Normal Education", and promote the balanced allocation of high-quality teachers.

推动智能化教育实践，拓展学习场景。依托虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实(AR)技术，拓展学生的学习场景，提升学习的沉浸感与吸引力，激发学习兴趣与主动性。此外，推进科教融汇，将科研成果转化为育人资源，也是拓展学习场景的另一条重要路径。例如，华东师范大学与地方政府共建滴水湖国际软件学院等平台，推动职务科技成果100%赋权科研人员，建立教师创新创业全流程支撑体系，破解成果转化“不愿转、不会转、不敢转”难题。

Promote intelligent education practice and expand learning scenarios. Relying on virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies, we can expand students' learning scenarios, enhance learning immersion and attraction, and stimulate learning interest and initiative. In addition, promoting the integration of science and education and transforming scientific research achievements into educational resources is another important way to expand learning scenarios. For example, East China Normal University and local governments have jointly built platforms such as Dishui Lake International Software College to promote 100% empowerment of scientific and technological achievements for scientific researchers, establish a full-process support system for teachers' innovation and entrepreneurship, and solve the problem of "unwilling, unwilling, unwilling and afraid to transfer" in achievement transformation.

加强实践研究，保障教育实践的科学性与规范性。高校教师应基于数据与证据，运用科学研究方法验证实践效果，形成可推广经验与模式。通过收集分析教学过程中的各类数据，全面评估教学方法与技术应用效果，指导教育工作者优化教学方案、改进教学方法，促进教育实践科学化、规范化发展，践行教育家精神。

Strengthen practical research to ensure the scientificity and standardization of educational practice. Teachers in colleges and universities should use scientific research methods to verify practical effects based on data and evidence, and form experiences and models that can be popularized. By collecting and analyzing all kinds of data in the teaching process, we can comprehensively evaluate the application effect of teaching methods and technologies, guide educators to optimize teaching plans and improve teaching methods, promote the scientific and standardized development of educational practice, and practice the spirit of educators.

数智时代的教育发展要求高校教师在拥抱技术与坚守人文、面向未来与尊重传统、追求效率与关注公平间寻求平衡。教育家精神引领高校教师在变革中把握方向、在创新中坚守本质。落实《教育强国建设规划纲要(2024—2035年)》和教育强国建设三年行动计划综合改革试点中关于教师教育改革的部署，需要弘扬教育家精神，不断提升教师队伍素养。未来的教育之路充满挑战，但只要我们坚持弘扬教育家精神，不断提升高校教师素养，就能够在数智时代创造更加美好的教育图景，培养全面发展的人才。

The development of education in the digital and intelligent era requires university teachers to strike a balance between embracing technology and upholding humanity, facing the future and respecting traditions, and pursuing efficiency and paying attention to fairness. The spirit of educators guides university teachers to grasp the direction in changes and adhere to the essence in innovations. To implement the arrangements for teacher education reform in the Outline for Building a Powerful Education Country (2024 - 2035) and the three-year action plan for building a powerful education country as part of the comprehensive reform pilot, it is necessary to carry forward the spirit of educators and continuously improve the quality of the teaching workforce. The future path of education is full of challenges, but as long as we persist in promoting the spirit of educators and continuously enhance the quality of university teachers, we can create a better educational landscape in the digital and intelligent era and cultivate well-rounded talents.

参考文献：

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[本文为2024年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“教育家精神弘扬与落实机制研究”(立项号：24JZD013)的研究成果]

[This article is the research result of the 2024 Ministry of Education's major philosophy and social science research project "Research on the Promotion and Implementation Mechanism of Educator Spirit" (Project No.: 24JZD013)]

【作者：梅兵，华东师范大学党委书记，华东师范大学国家教育宏观政策研究院院长】

[Author: Mei Bing, Secretary of the Party Committee of East China Normal University, Dean of National Education Macro Policy Research Institute of East China Normal University]

(原载2025年第17期《中国高等教育》杂志)

(Originally published in the 17th issue of "China Higher Education" magazine in 2025)