【安全环保】安全早知道

[Safety and Environmental Protection] Know safety early

从事加能站安全管理工作多年，我始终认为，新员工是加能站的新鲜血液，更是需要精心培育的安全力量。加能站是储存、销售易燃易爆油品的高危场所。新员工若对岗位风险认知不足、未经专业培训直接上岗，一个微小操作失误就可能引发油品泄漏、火灾等严重事故。

I have been engaged in the safety management of energy refueling stations for many years. I always believe that new employees are the fresh blood of energy refueling stations and a safety force that needs to be carefully cultivated. Energy refueling stations are high-risk places for storing and selling flammable and explosive oil products. If new employees have insufficient awareness of job risks and take up their posts directly without professional training, a small operational error may lead to serious accidents such as oil leakage and fire.

2025年，作为安全培训负责人，我将新员工安全培训视作头等大事，围绕让新员工懂风险、会操作、能应急的核心目标，摸索着简捷实用的实战化培训路径。我始终坚信，只有让安全融入新员工的岗位习惯，帮助他们筑牢安全意识、掌握安全技能，才能守住加能站安全生产的“第一道防线”。

In 2025, as the person in charge of safety training, I regard safety training for new employees as a top priority. Focusing on the core goal of enabling new employees to understand risks, operate, and respond to emergencies, I am exploring simple and practical practical training paths. I always firmly believe that only by integrating safety into the job habits of new employees and helping them build safety awareness and master safety skills can we maintain the "first line of defense" for safe production at energy refueling stations.

认知先行，把安全红线刻进心里

Cognition comes first, engraving safety red lines into your heart

新员工背景不同，安全知识基础与岗位需求存在差异。为此，应搭建“认知—操作—应急”三级分类安全培训体系，精准匹配培训内容，避免“大水漫灌”。

New employees have different backgrounds, and their safety knowledge base and job requirements are different. To this end, a three-level classified safety training system of "cognition-operation-emergency" should be established to accurately match the training content and avoid "flooding".

在安全认知环节，我优先解读法律法规与规章制度，明确红线底线。通过讲解《中华人民共和国安全生产法》和《危险化学品安全管理条例》中与加能站相关的条款，以及公司和站内的安全管理规定、“三违”行为处罚标准，让新员工清晰能做什么、不能做什么，从源头规避违法违规风险。

In the safety awareness link, I give priority to interpreting laws, regulations and rules and regulations, and clarify the red line and bottom line. By explaining the provisions related to refueling stations in the "Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals", as well as the safety management regulations of the company and the station, and the penalty standards for "three violations", new employees are clearly aware of what they can do and what they cannot do, and avoid the risk of violations of laws and regulations from the source.

更关键的是，我会帮助新员工建立岗位风险认知。我会给新员工上安全警示课：播放未规范操作导致油气泄漏起火的事故视频，用真实的案例展示安全意识缺失的严重后果；结合站内实际，讲解汽油、柴油“易燃易爆、易挥发、有毒”的特性，梳理油罐区、加油区、卸油区等关键区域，以及加油机、油罐呼吸阀等设备的风险点，同步讲解日常防控措施与险情初步处置方法，让新员工对岗位风险做到心中有数。

More importantly, I will help new employees build job risk awareness. I will give new employees safety warning lessons: play videos of accidents that lead to oil and gas leakage and fire caused by irregular operations, and use real cases to show the serious consequences of lack of safety awareness; Combined with the actual situation in the station, explain the "flammable, explosive, volatile, and toxic" characteristics of gasoline and diesel, sort out key areas such as oil tank farm, refueling area, and oil unloading area, as well as the risk points of equipment such as tankers and oil tank exhaust valve, and simultaneously explain daily prevention and control measures and preliminary disposal methods for dangerous situations, so that new employees can be aware of job risks.

风险精析，从设备到作业逐项指导

Risk analysis, item by item guidance from equipment to operation

我常跟新员工说：“安全工作的核心就是防控风险。”为此，我聚焦设备风险和作业活动风险两大核心，结合站内场景手把手教学，确保新员工学懂、会用。

I often tell new employees: "The core of safety work is to prevent and control risks." To this end, I focus on the two cores of equipment risks and operating activity risks, and combine step-by-step teaching in station scenes to ensure that new employees understand and use them.

设备风险方面，盯紧关键设备讲隐患。加能站设备藏着不少“隐形风险”。我会带领新员工逐个设备“把脉”，明确检查要点与防控办法。

In terms of equipment risks, keep an eye on key equipment and talk about hidden dangers. There are many "invisible risks" hidden in energy refueling station equipment. I will lead the new employees to "feel the pulse" one by one, and clarify the inspection points and prevention and control methods.

针对加油机，重点讲解内部电线老化短路的风险：老化电线产生的火花可能引燃油气。因此，每天交接班时必须检查线路是否破损、接头是否松动，发现问题后应该立即上报，严禁私自拆修。针对油罐及附件，要检查阀门通畅度与管线密封性，每天需确认阀门无堵塞，雨后要排查是否有积水堵塞问题。针对消防器材，除了教灭火器“提、拔、握、压”四步法、灭火毯使用方法，更强调日常检查：“灭火器指针到红区就是压力不足，必须马上更换；灭火毯有破损就无法覆盖火源，每月都要翻看是否完好。”

For the tanker, we focus on the risk of aging and short circuit of internal wires: sparks generated by aging wires may ignite oil and gas. Therefore, when handing over shifts every day, it is necessary to check whether the lines are damaged and whether the joints are loose. If problems are found, they should be reported immediately. It is strictly forbidden to dismantle and repair them without permission. For oil tanks and accessories, it is necessary to check the patency of valves and pipeline tightness. It is necessary to confirm that the valves are not blocked every day. After rain, it is necessary to check whether there is water blockage. For fire-fighting equipment, in addition to teaching the four-step method of "lifting, pulling, holding and pressing" of fire extinguishers and how to use fire blankets, daily inspection is more emphasized: "When the fire extinguisher pointer reaches the red zone, the pressure is insufficient and must be replaced immediately; If the fire blanket is damaged, it cannot cover the fire source, and it is necessary to check whether it is intact every month."

作业活动风险方面，要跟着实际操作找漏洞。新员工未来的每一项作业都可能藏着风险。我会结合具体场景进行拆解，让他们明确安全操作标准。

In terms of operational risks, we should follow the actual operation to find loopholes. Every future job of a new employee may have hidden risks. I will disassemble it based on specific scenarios and let them clarify safe operation standards.

在加油作业上，要点明“油枪没插紧会漏油、油箱盖随手放易沾油污引静电”等风险，要求油箱盖必须放在指定托盘上；教会新员工主动劝阻顾客加油时接打手机，清晰说明“手机信号可能产生电火花”的危害。在卸油作业上，作为高风险环节，要重点强调“卸油前必须连接静电接地夹”，防止碰撞产生火花；明确“双人监护”要求，一旦发现漏油需立即喊停、及时处置。在日常巡检上，讲授“看、听、闻、摸”四步法，即看设备是否有异常破损、听机器是否有奇怪响声、闻味道是否有油味，发现问题及时记录上报。

In the refueling operation, it is necessary to clarify the risks such as "oil leakage if the oil gun is not inserted tightly, and the oil tank cap is easily stained and static electricity caused by leaving it casually", and it is required that the fuel tank cap must be placed on the designated tray; Teach new employees to actively discourage customers from answering mobile phones when refueling, and clearly explain the harm that "mobile phone signals may produce electric sparks". In the oil unloading operation, as a high-risk link, it is necessary to emphasize that "the electrostatic grounding clip must be connected before oil unloading" to prevent sparks caused by collision; Clarify the requirements of "double supervision". Once oil leakage is found, it should be stopped immediately and disposed of in time. In daily inspections, the four-step method of "seeing, listening, smelling and touching" is taught, that is, to see if the equipment is abnormally damaged, to listen to whether the machine has strange noises, to smell whether there is oil smell, and to record and report any problems in time.

为了让风险点更直观，我还会展示“站内风险四色布置图”，标注风险点位置和防控措施，帮新员工把风险清单刻在心里。

In order to make the risk points more intuitive, I will also display the "four-color layout of risks in the station", mark the location of risk points and prevention and control measures, and help new employees engrave the risk list in their hearts.

操作实战，从标准到应急练成本能

Practical operation, from standard to emergency training cost

安全培训不能只停留在“懂”，更要落到“会”。这一环节，我会聚焦“标准操作”与“应急处置”，通过“演示+实操”让新员工练到形成本能。

Safety training should not only stop at "understanding", but also fall to "knowing". In this session, I will focus on "standard operation" and "emergency response", and let new employees develop instincts through "demonstration + practical operation".

在标准操作培训中，针对不同的场景细化内容：针对加油作业，从引导车辆、确认油品、规范操作到结束服务，每个步骤现场演示后让新员工实操，及时纠正不规范动作；设备使用上，要求新员工亲手操作灭火器、灭火毯、紧急切断阀，直至熟练掌握；特殊场景，如劝阻顾客吸烟、处理加油枪漏油等，逐一模拟演练，确保应对得当。

In the standard operation training, the content is refined for different scenarios: for refueling operations, from guiding vehicles, confirming oil products, standardizing operations to ending services, new employees are allowed to practice each step after on-site demonstration, and irregular actions are corrected in a timely manner; In terms of equipment use, new employees are required to personally operate fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and emergency shut-off valves until they are proficient in mastering them; Special scenarios, such as discouraging customers from smoking, dealing with oil leakage from refueling guns, etc., are simulated one by one to ensure proper response.

应急处置培训围绕“快速反应、正确处置”展开：针对油品泄漏、初起火灾、人员受伤等突发情况，先讲解处置流程，再设置模拟场景，让新员工进行演练。比如，模拟“加油机起火”，要求新员工迅速取出灭火毯覆盖火源，呼喊同事引导顾客疏散、拨打119；模拟“油品泄漏”，则需他们快速判断位置、关闭相关阀门、疏散人员、上报站长，通过演练提升应急反应能力。

Emergency response training focuses on "quick response and correct disposal": for emergencies such as oil leakage, initial fire, and injury, the disposal process is first explained, and then simulation scenarios are set up for new employees to conduct drills. For example, simulating "tanker fire" requires new employees to quickly take out fire blankets to cover the fire source, call colleagues to guide customers to evacuate, and dial 119; To simulate "oil leakage", they need to quickly determine the location, close relevant valves, evacuate personnel, report to the stationmaster, and improve their emergency response capabilities through drills.

成果巩固，从培训到上岗闭环管理

Consolidation of results, closed-loop management from training to induction

新员工培训不能一训了之，要建立“培训—实践—改进”的闭环管理模式，确保新员工把安全技能用在岗位上。

The training of new employees cannot be completed in one go. A closed-loop management model of "training-practice-improvement" must be established to ensure that new employees use safety skills in their posts.

新员工完成培训后，通过站务会、班组交流等形式，让他们分享所学的安全知识与技能，既促进经验共享，也帮加深记忆。同时，安排站长带领新员工参与每日的班组活动、交接班，引导他们将培训内容融入实际工作，在实践中强化安全意识。

After completing the training, new employees are allowed to share the safety knowledge and skills they have learned through station meetings, team exchanges and other forms, which not only promotes experience sharing, but also helps deepen their memory. At the same time, the stationmaster is arranged to lead new employees to participate in daily team activities and shift handovers, guide them to integrate training content into actual work, and strengthen safety awareness in practice.

此外，通过日常作业观察、安全知识提问、应急演练等方式，评估新员工的安全意识与技能掌握情况，针对薄弱环节开展针对性地再培训，直至完全达标。

In addition, through daily operation observation, safety knowledge questioning, emergency drills, etc., we evaluate the safety awareness and skill mastery of new employees, and carry out targeted retraining for weak links until they fully meet the standards.

2025年，通过靶向化、场景化的培训，新员工安全培训取得显著成效：新员工安全意识得以提升，能准确识别岗位风险；操作全程规范，未出现违纪违规行为；应急处置能力明显增强，在应急演练中均能规范、迅速应对。

In 2025, through targeted and scenario-based training, new employee safety training has achieved remarkable results: new employees' safety awareness has been improved and job risks can be accurately identified; The whole process of operation is standardized, and there are no violations of discipline and regulation; Emergency response capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and emergency drills can be standardized and quickly responded.

作者系中国石化河南濮阳石油分公司市区经营部支部书记兼副经理

The author is the branch secretary and deputy manager of the urban operation department of Sinopec Henan Puyang Petroleum Branch

责任编辑：曲绍楠

Editor in charge: Qu Shaonan