教育部部长怀进鹏：制定“双一流”标准，并启动新一轮建设
Ministry of Education Huai Jinpeng: Set standards for "Double First-Class" universities and launch a new round of construction.Construction
教育是强国建设、民族复兴之基。党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》(以下简称《建议》)提出，“统筹教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设”，对办好人民满意的教育作出一系列新部署。
Education is the foundation for building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation. The "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035" (hereinafter referred to as the "Proposal"), which was adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, states that "we should coordinate the building of a strong country in education, science and technology, and talent", and makes a series of new arrangements for providing people with satisfactory education.
“十四五”时期教育事业取得哪些成就？如何全面把握好、贯彻落实好全会关于教育改革发展的新部署新要求？新华社记者采访了教育部党组书记、部长怀进鹏。
What achievements has the education sector made during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period? How can we fully grasp and implement the new deployment and requirements for education reform and development set by the plenary session? Xinhua News Agency interviewed Minister and Party Secretary of the Ministry of Education, Huai Jinpeng.
教育事业取得历史性成就、发生格局性变化
The education sector has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone structural changes.education
问：如何看待过去五年教育事业取得的成就，为未来发展打下怎样的基础？
Question: How do you view the achievements made in the education sector over the past five years and what kind of foundation have these achievements laid for future development?
答：“十四五”时期，在党中央、国务院坚强领导下，我国教育事业取得历史性成就、发生格局性变化。我国已建成规模最大且高质量的教育体系，教育强国建设迈出坚实步伐，主要体现在以下几个方面。
Answer: During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, China's education sector has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone structural changes. China has established the largest and highest-quality education system, and the construction of an education power has made solid progress. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
一是立德树人根本任务落实有力有效。我们坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人，推动思政课程和课程思政同向同行、校内教育和校外实践双向发力、科技教育和人文教育协同并进，全员全过程全方位育人体系已经形成。坚持“健康第一”，全面落实中小学生每天综合体育活动2小时，各地普遍探索实施课间15分钟，学生“身上有汗、眼里有光”逐步成为现实。
First, the fundamental task of cultivating virtue and promoting education has been effectively implemented. Adhering to the principle of "health first", we have fully implemented the requirement that primary and secondary school students should engage in 2 hours of comprehensive physical activities every day. Various regions have generally explored and implemented 15 minutes of physical activity during breaks, and the scenario where students "have sweat on their bodies and shine in their eyes" has gradually become a reality.
二是人民群众教育获得感不断提升。义务教育全国2895个县域实现基本均衡，246个区县通过优质均衡国家认定。今年秋季实行学前一年免保育教育费政策，惠及1200多万儿童。我们还开展县中发展提升行动计划，努力为乡村和县城提供高质量高中教育。保障特殊群体受教育权益，实现各学段、各级各类学校、所有家庭经济困难学生资助全覆盖。
Second, the people's sense of education has been continuously improved. Compulsory education has been basically balanced in 2895 counties across the country, and 246 districts and counties have passed the national recognition of high-quality balance. This autumn, the policy of exempting childcare and education fees for one year before school will be implemented, benefiting more than 1200 million children. We also carry out the County Development Promotion Action Plan, and strive to provide high-quality Senior high school education for villages and counties. We will protect the rights and interests of special groups in education, and achieve full coverage of financial aid for students from all school stages, all levels and types of schools, and all families with financial difficulties.Second, the sense of educational achievement among the people has been continuously enhanced. Nationwide, 2,895 counties have achieved basic balance in compulsory education, and 246 districts and counties have been recognized as having achieved high-quality balance. This autumn, a policy of exempting one-year preschool care and education fees was implemented, benefiting over 12 million children. We also launched the action plan for the development and improvement of county middle schools, striving to provide high-quality high school education in rural areas and county towns. We have also ensured the rights of special groups to receive education, achieving full coverage of financial assistance for all students in all educational stages, all levels of schools, and all families with financial difficulties.
三是教育对科技和人才的支撑作用明显增强。高等教育累计向社会输送5500万人才，职业教育供给了现代产业70%以上新增高素质高技能人才。我们积极回应国家战略急需领域人才需求，扎实推进拔尖创新人才培养，推进人才供需适配改革，这两年学科专业点调整比例超过20%。
Thirdly, the supporting role of education in technology and talent has significantly strengthened. Higher education has cumulatively provided 55 million talents to society, and vocational education has supplied over 70% of the new high-quality and highly skilled talents for modern industries. We have actively responded to the talent demands in the urgently needed areas of national strategies, comprehensively advanced the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and promoted the reform of matching between talent supply and demand. Over the past two years, the proportion of discipline and specialty point adjustments has exceeded 20%.
四是教师队伍建设取得积极进展。我们强化教育家精神引领，健全师德师风建设长效机制，引导广大教师践行共同价值；不断巩固提升教师待遇权益，开展教师支教帮扶，为中西部教育高质量发展提供强有力支撑。
Fourth, significant progress has been made in the construction of the teaching workforce. We have strengthened the guiding role of the educator spirit, improved the long-term mechanism for the construction of teacher ethics and professional conduct, and encouraged teachers to uphold common values. We have continuously consolidated and enhanced the benefits and rights of teachers, carried out teacher assistance and support programs in remote areas, and provided strong support for the high-quality development of education in the central and western regions.
五是教育对外开放合作持续深化。联合国教科文组织国际STEM教育研究所在上海正式设立，为推动教育变革提供新的国际合作平台。我们积极推进职业教育国际合作和高等教育海外办学，积极参与全球教育治理，建设世界数字教育大会、世界职业技术教育发展大会等平台，中国国家智慧教育平台已覆盖220个国家地区。
Fifth, the opening-up and cooperation in education has continued to deepen. The UNESCO International STEM Education Institute was officially established in Shanghai to provide a new platform for international cooperation to promote educational reform. We actively promote international cooperation in vocational education and overseas education in higher education, actively participate in global education governance, and build platforms such as the World Digital Education Conference and the World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference. China's national smart education platform has covered 220 countries and regions.Fifth, educational openness and cooperation have continued to deepen. The UNESCO International STEM Education Research Institute was officially established in Shanghai, providing a new platform for international cooperation to promote educational reform. We have actively promoted international cooperation in vocational education and overseas education in higher education, participated in global education governance, and established platforms such as the World Digital Education Conference and the World Conference on Vocational Education Development. The China National Smart Education Platform has covered 220 countries and regions.
全面把握好全会关于教育改革发展的新部署新要求
Comprehensively grasp the new deployments and requirements for educational reform and development as stipulated in the plenary session.
问：《建议》对“十五五”时期教育发展作出顶层设计和战略擘画，如何全面把握好全会关于教育改革发展的新部署新要求？
Question: The "Recommendations" provide a top-level design and strategic blueprint for educational development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. How can we fully grasp the new deployments and requirements for educational reform and development as set forth in the plenary session?
答：全会对教育改革发展作出的一系列新部署内涵丰富、意义重大，充分体现以习近平同志为核心的党中央对建设教育强国的高度重视，彰显了教育的政治属性、人民属性、战略属性，为“十五五”时期教育改革发展提供了根本指引。我们要深刻领会“十五五”时期在基本实现社会主义现代化进程中的重要地位，把握好教育的历史方位和时代使命。
We should have a profound understanding of the significant position of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period in the process of basically achieving socialist modernization, and grasp the historical orientation and mission of the times of education.
——我们深刻认识到，教育科技人才在支撑引领高质量发展中发挥着重要作用。“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期。我们必须从教育自身发展的“小逻辑”，走向服务现代化强国建设、服务人的全面发展的“大逻辑”，把教育发展有机融入经济社会发展大局，在有力支撑现代化进程中推动实现由大到强的系统跃升。
— We have a profound understanding that educational technology talents play a crucial role in supporting and leading high-quality development. The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical time for laying a solid foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. We must shift from the "small logic" of education's own development to the "big logic" of serving the construction of a modern strong country and the all-round development of individuals. We should integrate educational development into the overall situation of economic and social development, and in a powerful support for the modernization process, promote a systematic leap from large to strong.
——我们深刻认识到，建设教育强国最终是办好人民满意的教育。当前，我国人口和社会结构的变化对教育提出了新的挑战，我们要在建立科学且覆盖各学段学龄人口变化监测预警制度基础上，对基础教育、职业教育、高等教育等各级各类教育做好超前布局、优化资源配置、强化政策储备，积极回应人民群众对教育公平和质量的新期盼。
-- We are fully aware that the ultimate goal of building a strong educational nation is to provide education that is satisfactory to the people. Currently, the changes in China's population and social structure pose new challenges to education. We must, on the basis of establishing a scientific and comprehensive monitoring and early warning system for the changes in the school-age population across all educational stages, make advanced arrangements for all levels and types of education, optimize resource allocation, and strengthen policy reserves. We should actively respond to the new expectations of the people for educational equity and quality.
——我们深刻认识到，为党育人、为国育才是教育的初心使命。培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人是教育的根本问题，也是建设教育强国的核心课题。我们必须坚定落实立德树人根本任务，培养一代又一代忠于党、忠于国家、忠于人民、忠于社会主义的时代新人。
-- We have a profound understanding that educating the Party and the country is the original mission of education. What kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them are the fundamental issues of education, and also the core topic of building an educational power. We must firmly implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue and cultivating people, and cultivate generation after generation of new-era individuals who are loyal to the Party, the country, the people, and socialism.
全面推动全会关于教育改革发展的新部署贯彻落实
Comprehensively promote the implementation of the new deployment of the plenary session on education reform and developmentComprehensively promote the implementation of the new deployment on educational reform and development made by the plenary session.
问：下一步，教育部将如何贯彻落实四中全会精神，谋划“十五五”时期改革发展、加快推进教育强国建设的总体思路与重点任务?
Question: In the next step, how will the Ministry of Education implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session, and plan the overall strategy and key tasks for reform and development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, as well as accelerate the construction of an educational power?
答：“十五五”时期是建设教育强国承上启下、全面发力的关键时期。我们要把全面贯彻落实全会精神和党中央决策部署，同贯彻落实全国教育大会精神结合起来，加强与《教育强国建设规划纲要(2024—2035年)》和教育强国建设三年行动计划的衔接，以落实立德树人根本任务为统领，以加快构建高质量教育体系、实现高质量发展为主题，聚焦科技自主创新和人才自主培养，精心谋划一批重大战略任务、重大政策举措和重大工程项目，扎实推进“十五五”教育改革发展。
Answer: The period from 2021 to 2025 is a crucial time for building an educational power, serving as a bridge between the past and the future and for making comprehensive efforts. We should integrate the full implementation of the spirit of the plenary session and the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee with the implementation of the spirit of the National Education Conference. We should strengthen the connection with the "Education Power Construction Planning Outline (2024-2035)" and the three-year action plan for the construction of an educational power. With the fundamental task of fostering virtue as the guiding principle, and with the theme of accelerating the construction of a high-quality education system and achieving high-quality development as the focus, we should concentrate on technological independent innovation and independent cultivation of talents, meticulously plan a number of major strategic tasks, major policy measures and major projects, and steadily promote the education reform and development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
一是全面实施立德树人“一号工程”。我们要把“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论”课摆在首要位置，实施新时代思政课课程方案，强化全员全过程全方位育人。试点推进大中小学思政课一体化改革，深化新时代伟大变革实践育人大课堂建设，落实好中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系构建重大专项。持续推进中小学生每天综合体育活动2小时要求，让学生“身上有汗、眼里有光”。
First, we will fully implement the "number one project" of fostering virtue and cultivating talents. We will pilot the integration of ideological and political education courses in primary, secondary and higher education institutions, deepen the construction of the large-scale classroom for cultivating talents through the great changes of the new era, and implement the major project of building a self-owned knowledge system in Chinese philosophy and social sciences. We will continue to implement the requirement that students should have 2 hours of comprehensive physical education activities every day, so that they can "sweat on their bodies and shine in their eyes".
二是加快推进拔尖创新人才自主培养。我们将构建科技创新、产业发展和国家战略需求协同育人机制，优化高等教育布局结构，分类推进高校改革发展。深化学科专业调整优化行动，在人工智能、集成电路等战略必争领域，探索拔尖创新人才培养新模式。推进职普融通、产教融合，持续深化“新双高”改革，实施高技能人才集群培养计划，优化职业教育服务区域发展、支撑产业发展的建设布局。
Second, we will accelerate the independent cultivation of outstanding innovative talents. We will establish a collaborative education mechanism integrating scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic demands. We will optimize the layout of higher education and promote the reform of universities in a categorized manner. We will deepen the action of adjusting and optimizing disciplines and majors, and explore new models for cultivating outstanding innovative talents in strategic priority areas such as artificial intelligence and integrated circuits. We will promote the integration of vocational education and general education, and continuously deepen the "new dual high" reform. We will implement the cluster training program for highly skilled talents and optimize the construction layout of vocational education to serve regional development and support industrial development.
三是推动科技创新与产业创新深度融合发展。我们将深入实施基础学科和交叉学科突破计划，建设国家交叉学科中心，以重大科研任务引领人才培养和学科交叉融合，以学科深入交叉融合催生重大基础理论。持续加强高校青年科技人才培养，稳定支持青年科技人才开展原创性、颠覆性科技创新。通过区域技术转移转化中心、高等研究院，联合多方力量，让更多科技成果转化为现实生产力。
Thirdly, we will promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation. We will vigorously implement the breakthrough plans for basic and interdisciplinary disciplines, establish national interdisciplinary centers, and use major scientific research tasks to guide talent cultivation and interdisciplinary integration. Through interdisciplinary integration, we will give rise to significant fundamental theories. We will continuously strengthen the training of young scientific and technological talents in universities, and steadily support them in conducting original and disruptive scientific innovations. Through regional technology transfer and transformation centers and higher research institutes, we will unite various forces to convert more scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces.
四是不断提升教育公共服务质量和水平。我们将积极应对学龄人口变化，动态优化教育资源配置，扩大学龄人口净流入城镇的教育资源供给，探索建立市县结合的基础教育管理体制。推动基础教育扩优提质，推进义务教育优质均衡发展，推动学前教育优质普惠发展，办好特殊教育、专门教育，稳步扩大免费教育范围，实施县域高中振兴计划。推动高等教育提质扩容，扩大优质本科教育招生规模。聚焦弘扬教育家精神，建设高素质专业化教师队伍。深入实施教育数字化战略，加强教育资源共享和公共服务平台建设，优化终身学习公共服务。
Fourth, we will continuously enhance the quality and level of public education services. We will actively respond to changes in the school-age population, dynamically optimize the allocation of educational resources, expand the supply of educational resources for school-age population in urban areas with net inflows, and explore the establishment of a combined basic education management system at the county and municipal levels. We will promote the expansion and improvement of basic education, promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, promote the high-quality and inclusive development of preschool education, provide quality and inclusive special education and specialized education, steadily expand the scope of free education, and implement the county-level high school revitalization plan. We will promote the improvement and expansion of higher education, increase the enrollment scale of high-quality undergraduate education. Focus on promoting the spirit of educators, build a high-quality and professional teaching staff. We will deeply implement the digital strategy for education, strengthen the sharing of educational resources and the construction of public service platforms, optimize lifelong learning public services.
五是持续推动教育深化改革扩大开放。我们将深化教育评价改革，聚焦“破五唯”，持续推进以实践成果申请学位。推动高考综合改革，构建引导学生德智体美劳全面发展的考试考核体系。加快中考改革探索，推进均衡派位、登记备案等多元化录取机制。制定“双一流”标准，并启动新一轮建设。提升全球人才培养和集聚能力，加强国际学术交流和教育科研合作，积极参与全球教育治理，建设好世界数字教育大会、世界职业技术教育发展大会等交流平台。
Fifth, we will continue to promote the deepening and expansion of educational reform and opening up. We will deepen the reform of educational evaluation, focusing on "overcoming the five exclusions", and continuously promote the application for degrees based on practical achievements. We will promote the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, establishing an examination and assessment system that guides students' all-round development in terms of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor. We will accelerate the reform of the senior high school entrance examination and explore diversified admission mechanisms such as balanced allocation and registration and filing. We will formulate the standards for "Double First-Class" and launch a new round of construction. We will enhance our ability to cultivate and attract global talents, strengthen international academic exchanges and educational research cooperation, actively participate in global education governance, and build exchange platforms such as the World Digital Education Conference and the World Vocational Education Development Conference.
