WHO warns of widespread resistance to common antibiotics worldwide
世界卫生组织警告称，全球范围内普遍存在对抗常见抗生素的耐药现象。
One in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections causing common infections in people worldwide in 2023 were resistant to antibiotic treatments, according to a new World Health Organization (WHO) report launched today. Between 2018 and 2023, antibiotic resistance rose in over 40% of the pathogen-antibiotic combinations monitored, with an average annual increase of 5–15%.
根据世界卫生组织今天发布的一份新报告，2023年全球范围内，六分之一的经实验室检测确认的细菌感染病例对抗生素治疗具有抗药性。在2018年至2023年期间，所监测的病原体与抗生素之间的组合中，有超过40%的病例出现了抗生素抗药性，其年均抗药性增长幅度为5%至15%。
Data reported to the WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) from over 100 countries cautions that increasing resistance to essential antibiotics poses a growing threat to global health.
来自100多个国家提交给世界卫生组织全球抗菌药物耐药性与使用监测系统的数据表明，对抗生素的耐药性日益增加，这对全球健康构成了日益严重的威胁。
The new Global antibiotic resistance surveillance report 2025 presents, for the first time, resistance prevalence estimates across 22 antibiotics used to treat infections of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, the bloodstream and those used to treat gonorrhoea. The report covers 8 common bacterial pathogens – Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae – each linked to one or more of these infections.
2025年发布的这份新的全球抗生素耐药性监测报告首次提供了关于22种用于治疗尿路感染、胃肠道感染、血液系统感染以及淋病所使用的抗生素的耐药率数据。该报告涵盖了8种常见的细菌病原体，分别是鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、淋病奈瑟菌、非伤寒沙门菌、志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌；这些病原体都与上述各种感染有关。
WHO estimates that antibiotic resistance is highest in the WHO South-East Asian and Eastern Mediterranean Regions, where 1 in 3 reported infections were resistant. In the African Region, 1 in 5 infections was resistant. Resistance is also more common and worsening in places where health systems lack capacity to diagnose or treat bacterial pathogens.
世界卫生组织估计，抗生素耐药性问题在东南亚地区和东地中海地区最为严重：在这些地区，每3例被报告的感染病例中就有1例属于耐药性感染。在非洲地区，每5例感染病例中就有1例是耐药性感染。此外，在那些医疗系统缺乏诊断或治疗细菌性病原体能力的地区，抗生素耐药性问题更为普遍，且呈恶化趋势。
“Antimicrobial resistance is outpacing advances in modern medicine, threatening the health of families worldwide,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “As countries strengthen their AMR surveillance systems, we must use antibiotics responsibly, and make sure everyone has access to the right medicines, quality-assured diagnostics, and vaccines. Our future also depends on strengthening systems to prevent, diagnose and treat infections and on innovating with next-generation antibiotics and rapid point-of-care molecular tests.”
“抗菌药物的耐药性问题发展速度远远超过了现代医学的进步速度，这正在威胁着全球各地人们的健康，”世界卫生组织总干事特德罗斯·阿达诺姆·盖布雷耶苏斯博士说。“随着各国加强对抗菌药物耐药性的监测系统，我们必须合理使用抗生素，确保每个人都能获得合适的药物、质量可靠的诊断工具以及疫苗。我们的未来还取决于能否进一步完善预防、诊断和治疗感染的体系，以及能否在下一代抗生素和快速分子检测技术方面取得创新。”
The new report notes that drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are becoming more dangerous worldwide, with the greatest burden falling on countries least equipped to respond. Among these, E. coli and K. pneumoniae are the leading drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria found in bloodstream infections. These are among the most severe bacterial infections that often result in sepsis, organ failure, and death. Yet more than 40% of E. coli and over 55% of K. pneumoniae globally are now resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, the first-choice treatment for these infections. In the African Region, resistance even exceeds 70%.
新报告指出，全球范围内耐药性革兰氏阴性细菌正变得越来越危险，而那些应对能力最弱的国家所承受的负担最为沉重。其中，大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌是导致血液感染的主要耐药性革兰氏阴性细菌。这两种细菌引起的细菌感染通常非常严重，常常会导致败血症、器官衰竭甚至死亡。目前，全球范围内超过40%的大肠杆菌以及超过55%的肺炎克雷伯菌对第三代头孢菌素具有抗药性，而第三代头孢菌素本来是治疗这些感染的首选药物。在非洲地区，这些细菌的耐药率甚至超过了70%。
Other essential life-saving antibiotics, including carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, are losing effectiveness against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella, and Acinetobacter. Carbapenem resistance, once rare, is becoming more frequent, narrowing treatment options and forcing reliance on last-resort antibiotics. And such antibiotics are costly, difficult to access, and often unavailable in low- and middle-income countries.
其他重要的救命抗生素，如碳青霉烯类和氟喹诺酮类，对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、沙门氏菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的杀灭效果正在逐渐减弱。碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药性问题曾经较为罕见，但现在变得越来越普遍，这不仅限制了治疗选择，还迫使人们不得不使用最后的救命抗生素。然而，这些抗生素价格昂贵，且难以获得；在低收入和中等收入国家，它们往往根本无法买到。
Country participation in GLASS has increased over four-fold, from 25 countries in 2016 to 104 countries in 2023. However, 48% of countries did not report data to GLASS in 2023 and about half of the reporting countries still lacked the systems to generate reliable data. In fact, countries facing the largest challenges lacked the surveillance capacity to assess their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) situation.
各国参与GLASS项目的数量增加了四倍之多：2016年只有25个国家参与，而到2023年这一数字上升至104个国家。然而，2023年仍有48%的国家没有向GLASS项目提交相关数据；在那些提交了数据的国家中，也有一半缺乏生成可靠数据的必要系统。事实上，那些面临最大挑战的国家根本缺乏评估自身抗菌药物耐药性状况的能力。
The political declaration on AMR adopted at the United Nations General Assembly in 2024 set targets to address AMR through strengthening health systems and working with a ‘One Health’ approach coordinating across human health, animal health, and environmental sectors. To combat the growing challenge of AMR, countries must commit to strengthening laboratory systems and generating reliable surveillance data, especially from underserved areas, to inform treatments and policies.
2024年，联合国大会通过了关于抗菌素耐药性的政治宣言，该宣言提出了通过加强卫生系统以及采用“同一健康”理念来应对抗菌素耐药性问题的目标。所谓“同一健康”理念要求在人类健康、动物健康和环境保护等领域之间进行密切协作。为有效应对抗菌素耐药性带来的日益严峻的挑战，各国必须致力于完善实验室检测体系，并收集来自弱势地区的可靠监测数据，从而为制定相关治疗措施和政策提供依据。
WHO calls on all countries to report high-quality data on AMR and antimicrobial use to GLASS by 2030. Achieving this target will require concerted action to strengthen the quality, geographic coverage, and sharing of AMR surveillance data to track progress. Countries should scale up coordinated interventions designed to address antimicrobial resistance across all levels of healthcare and ensure that treatment guidelines and essential medicines lists align with local resistance patterns.
世界卫生组织呼吁所有国家在2030年前向GLASS平台提交关于抗菌素耐药性及抗菌药物使用情况的高质量数据。要实现这一目标，需要各方共同努力，提高抗菌素耐药性监测数据的质量、扩大其地理覆盖范围，并加强数据共享，以便及时掌握相关进展。各国还应加强在各级医疗保健机构中针对抗菌素耐药性问题的干预措施，确保治疗指南及基本药物清单能够与当地的耐药情况相适应。
The report is accompanied by expanded digital content available in the WHO’s GLASS dashboard, which provides global and regional summaries, country profiles based on unadjusted surveillance coverage and AMR data, and detailed information on antimicrobial use.
该报告附有丰富的数字资料，这些资料可在世界卫生组织的GLASS平台上查看。该平台提供了全球及地区的统计数据、基于未经过调整的监测数据的各国情况分析，以及有关抗菌药物使用情况的详细信息。
