炼油变绿，创新有方

Refining turns green with innovation

炼油行业应以科技创新为引领，保障国家能源安全，助力“双碳”目标实现。

The refining industry should be led by scientific and technological innovation to ensure national energy security and help realize the goal of "double carbon".

国家发展改革委、国家能源局等4部门联合印发《关于促进炼油行业绿色创新高质量发展的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)，围绕炼油行业绿色创新高质量发展，提出4方面17条政策措施，着力在新发展阶段通过产业升级、能源与资源高效利用、科技创新等手段，扎实构建我国炼油行业发展新格局，是指导炼油行业“十四五”“十五五”期间发展的战略性、综合性、指导性文件。

The National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration and other four departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting Green, Innovative and High-quality Development of the Oil Refining Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions), which focuses on the green, innovative and high quality development of the oil refining industry and puts forward 17 policies and measures in 4 aspects, and focuses on the construction of a new pattern of development of China's oil refining industry in the new stage of development by means of industrial upgrading, efficient use of energy and resources, and scientific and technological innovation. It is a strategic, comprehensive and guiding document to guide the development of the oil refining industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 15th Five-Year Plan.

描绘行业绿色低碳发展蓝图

Depicting the industry's blueprint for green and low-carbon development

《指导意见》描绘了炼油行业未来绿色低碳发展的蓝图。

The Guidance depicts a blueprint for the future green and low-carbon development of the refining industry.

炼油行业属于典型的复杂流程工业体系，产业体量大、发展惯性强。在过去数十年的发展过程中，炼油行业在交通运输燃料保障、化工原材料稳定供给等方面作出了突出贡献。

The oil refining industry is a typical complex process industrial system with large industrial volume and strong development inertia. In the past decades of development, the oil refining industry has made outstanding contributions to the security of transportation fuels and the stable supply of chemical raw materials.

目前，我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，内外环境、供需结构以及人民对美好生活的需要都对炼油行业提出了新要求。《指导意见》围绕炼油行业高质量发展目标，从产能优化、能效管理、绿色低碳、科技创新等方面描绘了炼油行业2025年、2030年的目标蓝图。

At present, China's economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development, and the internal and external environment, the structure of supply and demand as well as the people's needs for a better life have all put forward new requirements for the oil refining industry. The Guidance focuses on the goal of high-quality development of the oil refining industry, and depicts the blueprint for the oil refining industry in 2025 and 2030 in terms of capacity optimization, energy efficiency management, green and low-carbon, and scientific and technological innovation.

产能优化方面。《指导意见》提出，到2025年国内原油一次加工能力控制在10亿吨以内，千万吨级炼油企业产能占比55%左右;到2030年，产能结构和生产力布局进一步优化，化工原材料和特种产品保障能力大幅提升。有关目标表明，在新型能源体系大力发展的背景下，炼油行业要统筹考虑其燃料与材料双重属性的发挥。

Capacity optimization. The Guidance suggests that by 2025, the domestic primary crude oil processing capacity will be controlled at less than 1 billion tons, and the capacity of 10 million-ton refining enterprises will account for about 55% of the total; by 2030, the capacity structure and productivity layout will be further optimized, and the ability to safeguard chemical raw materials and special products will be greatly enhanced. The relevant objectives indicate that, in the context of the vigorous development of a new energy system, the oil refining industry should take into account the dual attributes of its fuel and materials to play.

能效管理方面。《指导意见》提出，到2025年能源资源利用效率进一步提升，炼油产能能效原则上达到基准水平、优于标杆水平的超过30%，到2030年能效达到标杆水平的炼油产能比例大幅提升。目前，我国一小部分存量炼油产能能效水平仍然较低。未来，行业的总体能源利用效率还将进一步提升。

Energy efficiency management. The Guidance proposes that the efficiency of energy resource utilization be further improved by 2025, with more than 30% of refining capacity energy efficiency in principle reaching the baseline level and better than the benchmark level, and that the proportion of refining capacity whose energy efficiency reaches the benchmark level be significantly increased by 2030. At present, the energy efficiency level of a small portion of China's stock of refining capacity remains low. In the future, the overall energy utilization efficiency of the industry will be further improved

绿色低碳方面。《指导意见》提出，“十四五”期间，污染物排放和碳排放强度进一步下降，绿色发展取得显著成效。到2030年，建设一批可借鉴、可复制的绿色低碳标杆企业，契合我国2030年前实现碳排放达峰的总体目标要求，为我国炼油行业的绿色低碳发展明确了努力方向。

Green and low-carbon aspects. The Guidance proposes that during the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan period, pollutant emissions and carbon intensity will be further reduced, and green development will achieve significant results. By 2030, the construction of a number of green low-carbon benchmark enterprises that can be learned from and replicated, which fits the overall goal of China's carbon emissions to reach the peak by 2030, and clarifies the direction of efforts for the green and low-carbon development of China's oil refining industry.

科技创新方面。《指导意见》提出，技术装备实力要进一步增强，绿色用能、绿氢炼化、CCUS等技术要完成工业示范，能源资源利用效率达到国际先进水平。该目标描绘了炼油行业实现绿色发展的关键技术路径，为炼油行业“碳达峰”目标的实现明确了技术支撑。

Science and technology innovation. The Guidance suggests that the strength of technology and equipment should be further strengthened, industrial demonstrations of green energy use, green hydrogen refining and CCUS should be completed, and the efficiency of energy and resource utilization should reach the international advanced level. This goal depicts the key technological path for the oil refining industry to realize green development, and clarifies the technical support for the realization of the goal of "carbon peaking" in the oil refining industry.

部署行业绿色低碳发展任务

Deploying tasks for green and low-carbon development of the industry

《指导意见》部署了推动炼油行业绿色低碳发展的重点任务。

The Guidance deploys key tasks to promote the green and low-carbon development of the oil refining industry.

《指导意见》系统性地从产业优化升级、能源资源高效利用、绿色低碳发展、科技创新引领等4方面提出了行业发展的重点任务。

The Guiding Opinions systematically put forward the key tasks for the development of the industry from four aspects, including industrial optimization and upgrading, efficient use of energy and resources, green and low-carbon development, and scientific and technological innovation and leadership.

产业优化升级方面。《指导意见》指出，要系统考虑原油进口、成品油供应保障、已建成配套设施等因素，进一步优化有关区域炼油产能布局，推动新建炼油项目有序向石化产业基地集中，实现集约集聚发展，并与乙烯、对二甲苯(PX)项目做好配套衔接;要依法依规推动不符合国家产业政策的200万吨/年及以下常减压装置有序淘汰退出;面对市场的不确定性因素，对炼油企业产品结构调整的灵活性也提出了新要求。有关要求全面且具体，对炼油产能结构、产业布局做出了宏观谋划。

Industrial optimization and upgrading. The Guidance pointed out that we should systematically consider the crude oil imports, security of supply of refined oil products, has been built supporting facilities and other factors, to further optimize the layout of the relevant regional refining capacity, to promote the new refining projects in an orderly manner to the petrochemical industry base to focus on the realization of the development of concentrated agglomeration, and with the ethylene, paraxylene (PX) project to do a good job of supporting the convergence of the project; to promote in accordance with the law to comply with the state's industrial policy of 2 million tons / year and The following normally decompressed unit orderly elimination of withdrawal; in the face of market uncertainties, the flexibility of the refining enterprise product mix adjustment has also put forward new requirements. The relevant requirements are comprehensive and specific, making macro planning for the structure of oil refining capacity and industrial layout.

能源资源高效利用方面。《指导意见》提出，要引导炼油企业能效提升，推广一批炼油行业先进节能技术;要通过废塑料、废弃油脂等的再利用，实现资源循环利用。炼油企业通过能效提升仍是现阶段实现降碳的重要途径。企业要从工艺角度、设备角度、操作角度全方位重视节能工作。同时，通过废弃物的资源化利用，不仅能实现石油资源在不同生命周期的多次循环，也可以显著降碳。例如，运用废塑料化学循环等技术，与使用原油作为原料相比，理论上可以降低40%左右的碳排放。

Efficient utilization of energy resources. The Guidance suggests that oil refining enterprises should be guided to improve their energy efficiency and promote a number of advanced energy-saving technologies in the oil refining industry; and that resource recycling should be realized through the reuse of waste plastics, waste oils and fats, and so on. Oil refining enterprises through energy efficiency improvement is still an important way to realize carbon reduction at this stage. Enterprises should pay attention to energy saving in all aspects from the process point of view, equipment point of view and operation point of view. At the same time, through the resource utilization of waste, not only can we achieve multiple cycles of oil resources in different life cycles, but also can significantly reduce carbon. For example, using technologies such as chemical recycling of waste plastics can theoretically reduce carbon emissions by about 40% compared to using crude oil as a raw material.

绿色低碳发展方面。《指导意见》从炼油总流程、单元工艺技术、CCUS示范应用、制氢与用氢优化、绿氢炼化、碳排放管理等多维度，对炼油行业减污降碳提出明确要求。尤其在碳排放管理方面，首次提出了研究建立炼油企业碳排放与产品碳足迹数据库。文件中既对炼油行业目前主要降碳技术手段作了较全面的梳理，也初步明确了下一步强化行业碳排放管理的有关思路。研究显示，不同炼油企业生产同一种产品时，其生产环节碳排放相差可达3倍以上。确有必要进一步摸清底数，指导企业降碳。

Green and low-carbon development. The Guidance puts forward clear requirements on pollution reduction and carbon reduction in the oil refining industry from the multi-dimensional perspectives of the total refining process, unit process technology, CCUS demonstration and application, optimization of hydrogen production and use, green hydrogen refining, and carbon emission management. Especially in the aspect of carbon emission management, it is proposed for the first time to study the establishment of carbon emission and product carbon footprint database of oil refining enterprises. The document not only gives a comprehensive overview of the current major carbon reduction technologies in the oil refining industry, but also initially clarifies the next step to strengthen the industry's carbon emission management ideas. Research shows that when different refining enterprises produce the same product, their carbon emissions from production can differ by more than three times. It is indeed necessary to further clarify the bottom line and guide enterprises to reduce carbon emissions.

科技创新方面。《指导意见》提出了自主化工业软件的保障能力要求，指出要加快过程模拟软件和流程优化软件开发与应用，以智能化手段提升炼油企业精细化管理水平。《指导意见》明确了开发新型炼油技术、加快研发节能降碳炼油单元技术和装备等任务。

Science and technology innovation. The Guiding Opinions put forward the requirements for guaranteeing the capability of autonomous industrial software, stating that it is necessary to accelerate the development and application of process simulation software and process optimization software, and to enhance the level of refined management of oil refining enterprises by intelligent means. The Guidance specifies tasks such as developing new oil refining technologies and accelerating the research and development of energy-saving and carbon-reducing refining unit technologies and equipment.

习近平总书记就推进新型工业化作出的重要指示中指出，要积极主动适应和引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革，把建设制造强国同发展数字经济、产业信息化等有机结合。炼油是技术密集型产业，技术创新不仅是行业实现“双碳”目标的需求，也是炼油企业推进转型升级、降低生产成本、提升产品质量、实现更好效益的途径。我国炼油石化领域科研力量基础扎实，但是也存在高质量科技供给不足等问题。未来，应着力深入打造特色科技创新体系，实现高水平自立自强。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his important instructions on promoting new industrialization that we should proactively adapt to and lead the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, and organically combine the construction of a manufacturing power with the development of digital economy and industrial informatization. Oil refining is a technology-intensive industry, technological innovation is not only the industry to achieve the goal of "double carbon" needs, but also oil refining enterprises to promote the transformation and upgrading, reduce production costs, improve product quality, and achieve better benefits. China's petroleum refining and petrochemical field has a solid foundation of scientific research, but there are also problems such as insufficient supply of high-quality science and technology. In the future, efforts should be made to build a special scientific and technological innovation system to realize a high level of self-reliance and self-improvement.

指出行业低碳发展关键路径

Pointing out the key path to low-carbon development in the industry

《指导意见》指出了炼油行业绿色低碳发展的关键路径。

The Guidance points out the key path for the green and low-carbon development of the refining industry.

针对前述重点任务的部署，《指导意见》给出了推动炼油行业绿色低碳发展的关键技术路径，为炼油行业低碳发展提供了系统化的技术支撑。

In response to the deployment of the aforementioned key tasks, the Guiding Opinions give key technical paths to promote the green and low-carbon development of the oil refining industry, providing systematic technical support for the low-carbon development of the oil refining industry.

在宏观层面，《指导意见》提出，进一步加强行业管理，将组织对炼油企业的主要装置、能效水平等进行核查，建立炼油行业信息平台，健全信息报送机制等。为配合国家开展相关工作，炼油企业也需提前谋划，对自身的能效、碳排放与碳足迹数据先行摸底，并持续将节能降碳纳入企业的重点工作。

At the macro level, the Guidance proposes to further strengthen the management of the industry by organizing the verification of major installations and energy efficiency levels of oil refining enterprises, establishing an information platform for the oil refining industry, and improving the information reporting mechanism. In order to cooperate with the state to carry out the relevant work, oil refining enterprises also need to plan ahead to map their energy efficiency, carbon emissions and carbon footprint data, and continue to incorporate energy saving and carbon reduction into their key work.

能源高效利用方面。《指导意见》从能量产出、能量使用、能量回收三方面对蒸汽动力系统、换热网络、余热利用新技术开发提出了新要求。保温技术方面，特别提出了推广可循环保温材料等绿色保温强化技术，更加重视材料的循环使用。用能设备方面，提出了鼓励对加热炉、换热器热效率实施诊断，并通过相关设备升级改造提升用能效率。近年来的工作实践表明，炼油企业在专业机构的协助下开展用能诊断与优化，从单元装置到公用工程系统确实存在较大的用能优化空间，用能效率提升空间甚至可达15%以上。

Energy efficient utilization. The Guidance puts forward new requirements for the development of new technologies for steam power systems, heat exchange networks and waste heat utilization in terms of energy output, energy use and energy recovery. In terms of thermal insulation technology, it especially puts forward the promotion of green thermal insulation enhancement technology such as recyclable thermal insulation materials, and pays more attention to the recycling of materials. In terms of energy-using equipment, it is proposed to encourage the implementation of diagnosis on the thermal efficiency of heating furnace and heat exchanger, and to improve the efficiency of energy-using through the upgrading of related equipment. The working practice in recent years shows that oil refining enterprises carry out energy use diagnosis and optimization with the assistance of professional organizations, and there is indeed a large space for energy use optimization from the unit unit to the utility engineering system, and the space for energy use efficiency enhancement can even reach more than 15%.

资源高效利用方面。《指导意见》分别提出了原油资源、氢气资源、废弃资源的高效利用。

Efficient utilization of resources. The Guidance proposes the efficient utilization of crude oil resources, hydrogen resources and waste resources, respectively.

针对原油资源的高效利用，两次提到组分炼油与分子炼油，核心应是鼓励企业通过以分离技术为核心的总流程技术优化，实现原油资源的高效利用、降低原油加工过程分子转化用能，进而实现能耗与碳排放强度的降低。同时，正异构分离等技术的实施可以提升下游乙烯装置的运行效率，有利于石化产业总体节约用能。

With regard to the efficient use of crude oil resources, component refining and molecular refining are mentioned twice, and the core should be to encourage enterprises to optimize the total process technology with separation technology as the core, so as to realize the efficient use of crude oil resources, reduce the energy used for molecular transformation in crude oil processing, and then realize the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emission intensity. At the same time, the implementation of positive isomerization separation and other technologies can improve the operating efficiency of downstream ethylene plants, which is conducive to the overall energy saving in the petrochemical industry.

针对氢气资源的高效利用，提出了推进氢气网络系统集成优化、强化加氢工艺选择性等。氢气是炼油企业除了原油之外的第二大成本要素。中国石化石油化工科学研究院开展的有关工作表明，通过开展氢气系统优化，炼油企业用氢效率可提升10%左右，每年创效上亿元。通过提升加氢过程的用氢效率，例如采用催化剂定向硫化技术，200万吨/年的柴油加氢装置每年即可降低碳排放约5万吨，创效约6000万元。

For the efficient utilization of hydrogen resources, it is proposed to promote the integrated optimization of hydrogen network system and strengthen the selectivity of hydrogenation process. Hydrogen is the second largest cost element for oil refineries besides crude oil. The relevant work carried out by SINOPEC Petrochemical Research Institute shows that by carrying out hydrogen system optimization, the hydrogen efficiency of refining enterprises can be improved by about 10%, generating hundreds of millions of dollars of efficiency every year. By improving the hydrogen efficiency of the hydrogenation process, for example, by adopting catalyst directional vulcanization technology, a 2 million ton/year diesel hydrogenation unit can reduce carbon emissions by about 50,000 tons per year, generating an efficiency of about 60 million yuan.

针对废弃资源的利用，《指导意见》提出了废塑料、废润滑油、废弃油脂、废弃生化污泥等废弃有机物与炼油企业耦合加工。以废塑料为例，我国生产生活各环节每年会产出大量的废塑料。若能实现废塑料低能耗、低碳排放的预处理及废塑料油深加工，不仅可以解决废塑料焚烧处理产生的大量碳排放，还能节约原油资源。

For the utilization of waste resources, the Guidance puts forward the waste organic materials such as waste plastics, waste lubricating oil, waste grease, waste biochemical sludge and other waste organic materials coupled with oil refining enterprises for processing. Take waste plastics as an example, China's production and life will produce a large number of waste plastics every year. If we can achieve low energy consumption, low carbon emissions of waste plastics pretreatment and waste plastic oil deep processing, not only can solve the waste plastic incineration treatment of large amounts of carbon emissions, but also save crude oil resources.

关键低碳技术研发与应用方面。《指导意见》为炼油领域相关企业和科研院所规划了一批重点任务，并提出要通过完善能源技术装备首台(套)等机制，推动科技成果示范应用。关于工业软件开发，提出要通过精馏过程、反应过程、全厂流程模拟技术实施，提升炼油企业的精细化管理水平等任务。关于炼油过程单元技术，提出要加快推动催化裂化、重整、加氢等关键技术的节能降碳进步等任务。关于末端治理，提出要推动二氧化碳转化与固化技术开发与试点等任务。2023年10月10日，习近平总书记视察中国石化九江石化时，强调“智能和绿色低碳一起发展才是高质量发展”。《指导意见》提出的智能炼厂建设及绿色创新，正是对总书记指示的具体实践。

Key low-carbon technology R&D and application. The Guidance has planned a number of key tasks for relevant enterprises and research institutes in the field of oil refining, and proposes to promote the demonstration and application of scientific and technological achievements by improving mechanisms such as the first unit (set) of energy technology and equipment. Regarding industrial software development, it is proposed to enhance the refined management level of oil refining enterprises through the implementation of distillation process, reaction process, and plant-wide process simulation technology, and other tasks. Regarding refining process unit technology, it is proposed to accelerate the promotion of energy-saving and carbon-reducing progress in key technologies such as catalytic cracking, reforming and hydrogenation, among other tasks. With regard to end-of-pipe management, it is proposed to promote the development and piloting of carbon dioxide conversion and solidification technologies.20 On October 10, 2023, when General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected SINOPEC Jiujiang Petrochemical, he emphasized that "high-quality development is only possible if it is smart and green and low-carbon together." The construction of smart refineries and green innovations proposed in the Guidance is a concrete practice of the General Secretary's instruction.

炼油企业碳减排与碳管理方面。催化裂化装置和制氢装置的碳排放占行业总碳排放量的50%左右。《指导意见》对这两类装置的碳减排非常重视，提出了鼓励催化裂化余热发生超高压蒸汽技术，鼓励发展可再生能源制氢。值得注意的是，天然气或煤炭制取氢气是二氧化碳重要排放源之一，碳排放强度达10～20吨二氧化碳/吨氢气。《指导意见》提出支持建设绿氢炼化示范工程，推进绿氢替代。目前，部分炼油企业已率先开展绿氢炼化示范。相信未来通过推动更多炼油行业与可再生能源融合发展，能够助力行业更快实现绿色低碳转型。

Carbon reduction and carbon management aspects of oil refineries. Carbon emissions from catalytic cracking units and hydrogen production units account for about 50% of the industry's total carbon emissions. The Guidance attaches great importance to carbon emission reduction of these two types of units, and proposes to encourage the generation of ultra-high-pressure steam technology from the waste heat of catalytic cracking, and the development of renewable energy for hydrogen production. It is worth noting that hydrogen production from natural gas or coal is one of the important sources of carbon dioxide emissions, with a carbon emission intensity of 10 to 20 tons of carbon dioxide/ton of hydrogen. The Guidance proposes to support the construction of green hydrogen refining demonstration projects to promote green hydrogen substitution. At present, some oil refining enterprises have taken the lead in green hydrogen refining demonstration. It is believed that in the future, by promoting the integration and development of more oil refining industries with renewable energy, we can help the industry to realize green and low-carbon transformation faster.

总体来看，《指导意见》以促进炼油行业绿色创新高质量发展为目标，部署了四方面重点任务，为行业提出了较为全面的总体规划和政策指引。相信在《指导意见》的指引下，炼油行业能够以科技创新为引领，加强能源资源节约，更好地服务民生用能和支撑石化产业链供应链稳定，更好保障国家能源安全和助力“双碳”目标实现。

Overall, the Guiding Opinions aims to promote the green, innovative and high-quality development of the refining industry, and deploys four key tasks, which provides a more comprehensive overall planning and policy guidance for the industry. It is believed that under the guidance of the Guiding Opinions, the refining industry will be able to take the lead in scientific and technological innovation, strengthen energy and resource conservation, better serve the people's livelihood and support the stability of the petrochemical industry chain supply chain, and better safeguard the country's energy security and help realize the goal of "Double Carbon".

本文作者为中国石化石油化工科学研究院院长

The author is the president of SINOPEC Scientific Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology.

责任编辑：郑 丹

Editor: Zheng Dan