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吉林化工学院—学生翻译实践

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Vast cosmic voids are far from empty — they're hiding something dark

At the very largest scales, galaxies are not scattered around randomly. Instead, they form a pattern called the cosmic web. In fact, this is the largest pattern found in nature, with galaxies clumping together to form clusters, stringing themselves along filaments that stretch tens of millions of light-years on a side, and extending along broad walls that separate vast regions of the universe from each other. These are the cosmic voids. The smallest voids are about 20 million light-years across on a side, and the largest ones go for hundreds of millions of light-years. They are the true cosmic deserts. But just like deserts on Earth, they're not entirely empty. So what's in these cosmic voids? Within the voids, sophisticated observations can detect faint hints of structures, like small, dim dwarf galaxies dotting the vast expanses. Computer simulations reveal that there is even more to the story. In addition to normal matter, there's dark matter. We can only see high-density clumps of dark matter because those have enough gravity to pull in normal matter that turns into stars and galaxies to illuminate our observations. And in the voids, there simply isn't enough density of dark matter, so nothing really lights up. But computer simulations show that there are filaments and tendrils of dark matter crisscrossing the voids like a faint echo of the grand cosmic web, repeating itself in miniature. Yet there are regions deep within the cosmic voids where not even dark matter penetrates. These are the lowest-density regions of the entire universe. Still, if you work hard enough and are patient enough, you will detect an occasional bit of matter. The overall average density of the universe is roughly one hydrogen atom per cubic meter, and in the deepest corners of the voids, the average density is over 100 times less than that. So you could swim through the deepest voids and encounter a single hydrogen atom in, say, an entire football field's worth of space. There is something else that fills up the voids: radiation. The cosmic microwave background — the leftover light from when the universe was only 380,000 years old — soaks the entire cosmos, filling every cubic centimeter. It makes up the vast majority of the radiation in the universe. No matter where you go, you can't escape the cosmic microwave background. But that radiation is very old and very deeply redshifted into the microwave bands. It carries essentially no energy, so it barely counts. That leaves one other component of the deepest parts of the voids. It's a very weak component, but it is a critical one for the universe: dark energy. Dark energy accounts for roughly 70% of the total energy density of the cosmos, but in most of the dense structures, like galaxies and clusters, you never know it's there. Deep in the voids, however, dark energy takes over. It's the only thing left. This means that although the voids lack matter, they are filled to the brim with dark energy. And it's in the voids that dark energy is doing its work of tearing the universe apart.

2025-06-10 王思元航空英-中

VCI维持2025年前景预期

中化新网讯近日，德国化学工业协会(VCI)表示，尽管德国化学及制药行业年初业绩“好于预期”，但该机构仍维持其2025年预期不变。VCI表示：“今年的化工生产可能会停滞不前，行业销量或略有下降。如果关税冲突不进一步升级，化工行业前景最早可能在今年就会好转。” VCI表示，各国化工行业2025年第一季度的生产和销售都出现大幅增长，弥补了前几个月的经济衰退。然而，VCI认为，许多公司担心未来几个月还会遭遇挫折。该机构报告称：“美国政府不稳定的关税政策正在减少化学工业及其客户的出口机会。此外，用于对美国出口的中国商品可能会越来越多地转向欧洲，并增加欧洲的进口压力。” 德国今年一季度化学品产量(不包括制药)同比下降0.9%，但环比增长4.7%。化学及制药产量同比增长1.2%，环比增长6.7%。生产者价格指数同比上涨1.1%，环比上涨0.6%。VCI表示，德国化工产能利用率为78.2%，而2024年第四季度为74.7%，不过仍低于盈利阈值。今年第一季度的好转几乎影响了所有部门，并受到德国和国外业务强劲的推动。德国化学及制药行业的总销售额环比增长4.4%，同比增长1.8%，达到548亿欧元。德国国内销售额环比增长4.3%，同比增长2.2%，而德国以外其他国家的销售额环比增长4.5%，同比增长1.6%。

2025-06-10 王思元化工中-英

Nation's trade in services accelerating

Driven by burgeoning inbound tourism and robust growth in the knowledge-intensive service sector, China's trade in services registered swift expansion in the first four months of the year, underscoring the country's efforts in fostering new growth drivers amid rising trade barriers, analysts said. Although uncertainties still cloud tariff negotiations with the United States, China is committed to opening its door even wider and enhancing its global competitiveness to respond to intensifying protectionism, they added. From January to April, China's trade in services continued to grow at a relatively fast pace, with the total import and export value reaching 2.63 trillion yuan ($366 billion), a year-on-year increase of 8.2 percent, the Ministry of Commerce said in a news release on Friday. China's trade in knowledge-intensive services recorded a steady increase during this period, with total imports and exports reaching over 1 trillion yuan, up 5.5 percent year-on-year, the ministry said. The export of travel services, in particular, grew 79.9 percent year-on-year during the first four months, recording the fastest growth among all subsectors, it added. Expanding openness The surge in the travel service sector is largely attributed to China's unilateral visa exemption for citizens of 43 countries and its 144-hour visa-free transit policy for citizens from 54 countries. These measures have fostered a more convenient climate for foreign tourists coming to China, according to experts. "China's willingness to invite the world in demonstrates the nation's commitment to expanding openness even when certain countries practice unilateralism," said Chen Jianwei, a researcher at the Academy of China Open Economy Studies of the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. In addition, the country recently upgraded its instant tax refund system for foreign visitors, which, coupled with its improved payment services, makes China an appealing destination for both travel and shopping. While the US is attempting to reshape global supply chains through tariffs, China is taking a totally different approach, Chen said. China has reduced the minimum purchase threshold for tax refunds to 200 yuan from 500 yuan as part of the nation's broader efforts to strengthen the clout of its consumer market and, thereby, cement its position in global supply chains, he said. "This will compel other countries and global companies to carefully weigh the costs of decoupling from China against the dividends of engaging with the Chinese market," he added. Meng Pu, chairman of Qualcomm China, said: "Amid China's fast-growing trade in services, we not only see greater efficiency and innovative applications brought by technology, but also the tremendous potential for win-win cooperation. Technology can only unleash its maximum value within an open and collaborative ecosystem." Top negotiators from Beijing and Washington are scheduled to hold the first meeting of the China-US economic and trade consultation mechanism during Vice-Premier He Lifeng's visit to the United Kingdom from Sunday to Friday. The meeting will come after the two countries held economic and trade talks in May in Geneva, Switzerland, during which they agreed on a 90-day pause on triple-digit tariffs to allow further negotiations. Zhao Jinping, vice-president of the China Association of Trade in Services, said that with the uncertain prospects of US tariffs on China's trade in goods, it is crucial for China to tap into its trade in services as a means of buffering potential headwinds. Looking ahead, China will push for the high-standard opening-up of its services trade by actively aligning with international high-standard economic and trade rules, and go ahead with the implementation of the negative list for cross-border trade in services, he added.

2025-06-09 王思元 CATTI练笔英-中

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