​云网融合 赋能民航数字化建设

Cloud network integration empowers civil aviation digital construction

本期话题

Topic of this issue

在智慧时代，数字技术如何真正帮助民航业实现数字化转型，推动行业进阶发展？对于这个问题，“云网融合”概念将带给我们不少启发。

In the era of wisdom, how can digital technology really help the civil aviation industry realize digital transformation and promote the advanced development of the industry? For this problem, the concept of "cloud network convergence" will bring us a lot of inspiration.

在数字经济时代，以5G网络、工业互联网为代表的新基建在促进经济社会发展方面展示出了巨大潜力，由此衍生出的云网融合为民航业与其他行业创新发展提供了更多可能。

In the era of digital economy, the new infrastructure represented by 5G network and industrial Internet has shown great potential in promoting economic and social development. The cloud network integration derived from this provides more possibilities for the innovation and development of the civil aviation industry and other industries.

6月30日，由中国民航报社有限公司主办、中国电信集团有限公司协办的第五期“民航智见”线上会议开播。本期会议以“云网融合赋能民航数字化建设”为主题，围绕民航应用场景、云智一体加速应用等话题，邀请来自首都机场集团有限公司、中国电信集团、中国东方航空股份有限公司、厦门航空有限公司、北京中兵智航软件技术有限公司、中国民航信息网络股份有限公司以及航科院（北京）科技发展有限公司的嘉宾展开深入交流，进行案例分享。

On June 30, the fifth "Civil Aviation Wisdom" online conference sponsored by China Civil Aviation News Co., Ltd. and co-organized by China Telecom Group Co., Ltd. was launched. With the theme of "Cloud Network Integration Enabling Civil Aviation Digital Construction", this conference invited guests from Capital Airport Group Co., Ltd., China Telecom Group, China Eastern Airlines Co., Ltd., Xiamen Airlines Co., Ltd., Beijing Zhongbing Zhihang Software Technology Co., Ltd., China Civil Aviation Information Network Co., Ltd. and Aviation Academy (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. to conduct in-depth exchanges, case sharing.

融合发力 搭建民航业生态化平台

Integrating efforts to build an ecological platform for the civil aviation industry

如何在后疫情时代寻求新的增长点并加快数字化转型已成为全行业共同关注的话题。通过具有针对性的智慧建设，机场和航空公司在信息全面感知、人机互联等方面全面发力，逐步建成了跨业务、跨属地、跨单位的机场生态化平台。

How to seek new growth points and accelerate digital transformation in the post-epidemic era has become a topic of common concern for the entire industry. Through targeted wisdom construction, airports and airlines have made full efforts in terms of comprehensive information perception and human-computer interconnection, and gradually built a cross-business, cross-territorial, and cross-unit airport ecological platform.

●首都机场集团有限公司副总经理 宋鹍

● Song Kun, Deputy General Manager of Capital Airport Group Co., Ltd.

在智慧民航建设过程中，首都机场集团有限公司进行了不少尝试。2018年，集团公司在行业内首发《智慧机场建设指导纲要》，提出了“一核两翼”建设构想。其中，“一核”就是搭建机场群智慧云平台，“两翼”是构建地域中心的机场群智慧运行服务体系和垂直一体化的机场群智慧商业服务体系。为了落实纲要，我们编制了多领域智慧建设行动方案，指导重点项目有序投入。在智慧安全方面，全面构建集团安全全景图，实现集团文化引领、智慧牵引、平台赋能，整体提升安全管理效率。集团研发中心研发了GRF智能输入检测装置，检测污染物种类、自动识别率和污染物面积覆盖范围识别准确率达99.9%。在智慧运行方面，集团推进运营保障效率提升，强化全业务、全流程智慧感知协同，提升航班正常率。北京大兴机场以数字孪生为基础，实现机场敏捷运营，构建了旅客流程全覆盖的航站楼访问模型，综合计算各场景和关键资源的客流密度、排队时间，全方位感知运行状态，提高安检通道保障人员等资源利用率。在智慧服务方面，集团绘制了全新的“中国服务”蓝图，持续推进“国门一家”会员体系建设，鼓励成员单位利用集团平台开发自有服务应用，集成航班、轨道交通、出租车、机场巴士等综合交通实时信息，提高旅客空地换乘效率。未来，从北京两场进出的旅客，在综合交通选择和精准时间掌控方面的体验将明显提升。

In the process of building smart civil aviation, Capital Airport Group Co., Ltd. has made many attempts. In 2018, the Group first published the Guidelines for the Construction of Smart Airports in the industry, and put forward the construction concept of "one core and two wings". Among them, "one core" is to build the airport group intelligent cloud platform, and "two wings" is to build the airport group intelligent operation service system of the regional center and the vertically integrated airport group intelligent business service system. To implement the guidelines, we have formulated an action plan for building wisdom in multiple fields to guide orderly investment in key projects. In terms of intelligent safety, it comprehensively builds the group's safety panorama, realizes the group's cultural guidance, intelligent traction, platform empowerment, and overall improves the efficiency of safety management. The group research and development center has developed the GRF intelligent input detection device, which detects the types of pollutants, the automatic identification rate and the identification accuracy of the pollutant area coverage area reaches 99.9%. In terms of intelligent operation, the Group promotes the improvement of operation guarantee efficiency, strengthens the intelligent sensing collaboration of whole business and whole process, and improves the flight on-time rate. On the basis of digital twin, Beijing Daxing Airport realizes agile operation of the airport, constructs a terminal access model with full coverage of passenger flow, comprehensively calculates the passenger flow density and queuing time of each scene and key resources, comprehensively detects the operation status, and improves the utilization rate of security channel security personnel and other resources. In intelligence services, the group made a new "China service" blueprint, continue to promote a "door" member system, encourage members to use group to develop their own service application platform, integrated flight, rail transit, taxi, the airport bus, such as integrated real-time traffic information, improve passenger transfer efficiency. In the future, the experience of passengers entering and exiting from Beijing will be significantly improved in terms of comprehensive transportation selection and precise time control.

建设智慧机场，驻场单位高度协同至关重要。多年来，民航四大主体一直保持精诚合作。然而，各单位如何突破体制限制，以及信息、数据、技术等壁垒，凝聚共识，真正实现协同发展，是智慧民航取得成功的关键。此外，我们也深深感受到行业发展要聚焦专家和人才的培养与共享。应在重大项目、重点工程中培养人才，同时研究出台相关政策，吸引和挽留更多人才。

To build a smart airport, a high degree of coordination among resident units is essential. Over the years, the four main bodies of civil aviation have maintained sincere cooperation. However, how all units break through institutional restrictions, as well as barriers such as information, data, and technology, build consensus, and truly achieve coordinated development is the key to the success of smart civil aviation. In addition, we also deeply feel that the development of the industry should focus on the training and sharing of experts and talents. Talents should be cultivated in major projects and key projects, and relevant policies should be studied and introduced to attract and retain more talents.

●中国东方航空股份有限公司信息部副总经理 李志军

● Li Zhijun, Deputy General Manager of Information Department of China Eastern Airlines Co., Ltd.

近年来，数字化需求井喷式爆发，数字化理念已深入到各行业和领域，数字化发展对企业管理运营能力提出了更高要求，响应速度与服务质量成为关键竞争要素。

In recent years, digital demand has exploded, and digital concepts have penetrated into various industries and fields. Digital development has put forward higher requirements for enterprise management and operation capabilities, and response speed and service quality have become key competitive elements.

自2009年起，信息化发展就已成为东航的重点战略之一。经过10年发展，信息化已全面渗透到东航的公司管理、安全运行、生产经营等方方面面。在分别经历电子化、自动化、信息化到数字化1.0的转变后，东航已具备国内民航领先、初步具备与世界一流航空公司对标的基础，拥有企业全面数字化能力。我们将“创新”作为公司战略进行推进，全面加速数字化2.0发展，通过IT赋能业务创新，逐步向智能化迈进。

Since 2009, the development of informatization has become one of the key strategies of China Eastern Airlines. After 10 years of development, informatization has fully penetrated into China Eastern Airlines' company management, safe operation, production and operation and other aspects. After undergoing the transformation from electronic, automation, and informatization to digital 1.0, China Eastern Airlines has already taken the lead in domestic civil aviation, initially has the foundation for matching with world-class airlines, and has the comprehensive digital capability of the enterprise. We will promote "innovation" as the company's strategy, accelerate the development of digital 2.0 in an all-round way, and gradually move towards intelligence through IT-enabled business innovation.

东航在数字化发展过程中逐步探索出一套符合自身发展的成熟方法论，深入推进数字化转型，归结为以下三个方面：一是致力于互联网改变世界，最终实现体验优化；二是致力于数据重塑商业，最终实现管理优化；三是致力于生态决定未来，最终实现生态优化。

In the process of digital development, China Eastern Airlines has gradually explored a set of mature methodologies that are in line with its own development, and in-depth promotion of digital transformation can be summarized in the following three aspects: one is committed to the Internet to change the world, and ultimately achieve experience optimization; the second is committed to data Reshape business and ultimately achieve management optimization; the third is to commit to ecology to determine the future, and finally achieve ecological optimization.

“十四五”期间，东航制定了全新的数字化转型发展规划，着眼于企业数字化的六大核心能力建设，将抽象技术应用转变为具体业务能力输出，实现IT对业务实践的全面赋能。一是推出旅客出行的线上线下全流程服务，用技术和服务创新，持续提升旅客体验。二是打造航前“测”、航中“控”、航后“析”的应用闭环，形成集约化的业务运营能力，降低运营成本。三是积极推行数据融入的企业运营模式，形成便捷的体系化数据应用运营能力。四是深化创新模型与新技术应用机制，激发内部创新活力。五是赋能全球员工实现“等距离、通能力”，形成海内外一体化支持能力。六是构建“365”全天候安全防护运营体系，让信息安全“无处不在”。

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China Eastern Airlines formulated a new digital transformation development plan, focusing on the six core capabilities of enterprise digitization, transforming abstract technology applications into specific business capability output, and realizing the comprehensive empowerment of IT to business practices. First, the introduction of passenger travel online and offline full-process services, with technology and service innovation, continue to enhance the passenger experience. The second is to create a closed-loop application of pre-flight "measurement", mid-flight "control" and post-flight "analysis" to form intensive business operation capabilities and reduce operating costs. The third is to actively promote the enterprise operation mode of data integration to form a convenient and systematic data application operation capability. Fourth, deepen innovation models and new technology application mechanisms to stimulate internal innovation vitality. Fifth, empower global employees to achieve "equal distance and communication capabilities" and form integrated support capabilities at home and abroad. The sixth is to build a "365" all-weather security protection operation system to make information security "everywhere".

●厦门航空有限公司数字委员会总经理 吕玮

● Lv Wei, General Manager of Digital Committee of Xiamen Airlines Co., Ltd.

厦航将数字驱动力确定为公司发展的三大动力之首，把数字化转型作为推动厦航高质量发展的基础性、先导性工程。在组织架构方面，整合成立了由公司董事长、总经理直接领导的科技和信息化委员会（以下简称“科信委”），形成了科信委统筹领导、数字委牵头、各单位共同参与的数字化建设与科技创新组织管理体系。

Xiamen Airlines has identified the digital driving force as the first of the three major driving forces for the company's development, and regards digital transformation as a basic and leading project to promote the high-quality development of Xiamen Airlines. In terms of organizational structure, the Science and Technology and Information Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Science and Information Committee") directly led by the chairman and general manager of the company has been integrated and established, forming the overall leadership of the Science and Information Committee, the leadership of the Digital Committee, and the participation of all units. Digital construction and technological innovation organization management system.

在数字化转型方法指引下，近年来，厦航在运行安全领域始终坚持以安全为基、以创新为翼，坚持自主研发，创新构建全流程管控、全生命周期“数字+”厦航智慧运行体系。今年5月，厦航发布了天枢飞行计划系统，具备了覆盖全球全机型飞行计划的计算功能，打破了欧美国家在该领域的多项垄断。这是国内第一套自主研发的支持国际运行的飞行计划系统，也是第一套由航空公司主导研发的国产飞行计划系统。该系统的上线标志着厦航在国内率先建成了全流程自主运控系统，提前完成了“十四五”深化民航改革工作方案点名布置厦航开展的“抓紧推进航空公司运行控制系统自主研发”的工作任务。

Under the guidance of the digital transformation method, in recent years, Xiamen Airlines has always adhered to safety-based, innovation-based, independent research and development in the field of operational safety, and innovated to build a full-process control, full-life cycle "digital" Xiamen Airlines intelligent operation system. In May of this year, Xiamen Airlines released the Tianshu flight plan system, which has the calculation function covering all aircraft flight plans around the world, breaking a number of monopolies in this field in Europe and the United States. This is the first flight planning system independently developed in China to support international operation, and it is also the first domestic flight planning system led by airlines. The launch of the system marks that Xiamen Airlines has taken the lead in building a full-process autonomous operation and control system in China, and has completed ahead of schedule the task of "promoting independent research and development of airline operation and control system" carried out by Xiamen Airlines in the "14th Five-Year Plan" to deepen civil aviation reform.

除此之外，厦航以业务需求为导向，通过数业融合开展新技术研究和应用。我们的飞机健康监控与预测维修荣获民航科技进步一等奖；航空气象服务平台获得民航科技进步二等奖；航班智能恢复解决了大规模不正常航班恢复的世界性难题，打破国际垄断；在台风等特殊情况下，我们的航班恢复方案编制时间从6小时~8小时缩短到15分钟以内，实现了关键核心技术自主可控。

In addition, Xiamen Airlines is guided by business needs and carries out new technology research and application through the integration of the digital industry. Our aircraft health monitoring and forecast maintenance won the first prize of civil aviation science and technology progress; the aviation meteorological service platform won the second prize of civil aviation science and technology progress; the intelligent flight recovery solves the worldwide problem of large-scale abnormal flight recovery and breaks the international monopoly; in Under special circumstances such as typhoons, the preparation time of our flight recovery plan has been shortened from 6 hours to 8 hours to less than 15 minutes, realizing the independent control of key core technologies.

对于“十四五”时期的数字化工作，厦航将愿景归纳为“打造全面连接、智能感知、数字驱动的智慧厦航”，用数字化的方式实时感知客户需求、市场动态，用数据驱动流程变革，创造新的盈利模式，提升安全运营效率和要素分配效能。

For the digital work during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Xiamen Airlines summarized its vision as "creating a fully connected, intelligent perception, and digitally driven smart Xiamen Airlines", using digital methods to sense customer needs and market dynamics in real time, and using data to drive process changes, Create a new profit model, improve safe operation efficiency and factor distribution efficiency.

地空互联 深刻影响民航安全运行服务

Ground-to-air interconnection profoundly affects civil aviation safe operation services.

地空宽带通信系统的应用为民航业提供了前所未有的技术手段和中国经验、中国模式。中国电信发挥云网融合的资源优势，为行业提供“一云多芯”“一云多态”全栈云服务。

The application of ground-to-air broadband communication system provides unprecedented technical means, Chinese experience and Chinese model for the civil aviation industry. China Telecom gives full play to the resource advantages of cloud network integration to provide the industry with "one cloud multi-core" and "one cloud multi-state" full stack cloud services.

●中国电信集团政企交通物流行业事业部总裁 沈尔健

● Shen Erjian, President of China Telecom Group's Government-Enterprise Transportation and Logistics Industry Division

云改数转战略是公司未来转型的重大目标，中国电信一直在云改数转战略下夯实云网融合基础。历经10年发展，天翼云已进入国内第一梯队。

The cloud conversion strategy is a major goal of the company's future transformation, and China Telecom has been consolidating the foundation of cloud network convergence under the cloud conversion strategy. After 10 years of development, Tianyi Cloud has entered the first echelon in China.

天翼云作为国资云的建设者，持续推进科技创新，建设云网融合的新型信息基础设施。经过10年积累，天翼云已全面升级到天翼云4.0分布式云。在民航数字化建设领域，中国电信将持续发挥自身优势，建设“集中化+区域化+属地化+边缘化+国际化”的云网基础设施。依托云网融合资源优势，中国电信开展深度技术创新，打造了超大规模的新一代云平台CloudOS4.0，构筑业界领先的云网底座，为行业提供“一云多芯”“一云多态”全栈云服务。

As a builder of state-owned cloud, Tianyi Cloud continues to promote scientific and technological innovation and build a new information infrastructure for cloud network integration. After 10 years of accumulation, Tianyi Cloud has been fully upgraded to Tianyi Cloud 4.0 distributed cloud. In the field of civil aviation digital construction, China Telecom will continue to give full play to its own advantages and build a cloud network infrastructure of "centralized regionalization, localization, marginalization and internationalization. Relying on the advantages of cloud network integration resources, China Telecom has carried out in-depth technological innovation, creating an ultra-large-scale new generation cloud platform CloudOS4.0, building an industry-leading cloud network base, and providing the industry with "one cloud multi-core" and "one cloud multi-state" full stack cloud services.

在安全领域，中国电信通过赋能智慧民航，让出行更可靠。集团旗下安全公司可提供三个行业优先产品：一是基于公网IP地址的流量防护网。二是域名解析能力的日常监控，如保障30秒之内恢复域名的全网解析。三是全网路由监控能力，这是安全领域非常稀缺的能力，也是应对篡改、大流量冲击等攻击的常用手段。四是网络能力。2013年中国电信建设了航空互联网卫星主站，2014年获得了工信部批复，2015年将部分业务试验网扩展到国际航线上，2016年在国内、国际航班上全链开展共同上网服务。2019年9月之后，KU高通量卫星网络投入商用，我们也提升了带宽，打破了原来下载速度慢的瓶颈。目前，下载速度相当于地面4G网络的整体水平。

In the field of security, China Telecom makes travel more reliable by empowering smart civil aviation. The group's security companies can provide three industry priority products: first, traffic protection network based on public network IP address. The second is the daily monitoring of domain name resolution capability, such as ensuring the restoration of domain name resolution within 30 seconds. The third is the monitoring capability of the whole network, which is a very scarce capability in the security field, and it is also a common means to deal with attacks such as tampering and large traffic shocks. Fourth, network capability. In 2013, China Telecom built an aviation Internet satellite main station. In 2014, it was approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. In 2015, it expanded some business test networks to international routes. In 2016, it launched joint Internet services on domestic and international flights. After September 2019, KU's high-throughput satellite network was put into commercial use. We also increased the bandwidth and broke the bottleneck of slow download speed. At present, the download speed is equivalent to the overall level of the terrestrial 4G network.

进入航空领域10年来，中国电信累计为48家航企约2200架飞机提供了铱星通信服务，70%以上的载体机驾驶舱通信都进行了铱星改造。同时，我们也改装了300多架国内载体机。目前来看，改造方案具有性价比优势，单架改造成本约90万元，且通信费率较低，可以满足为民航提供4分钟语音通信的要求。

In the past 10 years since entering the aviation field, China Telecom has provided Iridium communication services for about 2200 aircraft of 48 airlines, and more than 70% carrier aircraft cockpit communications have been transformed into Iridium. At the same time, we have also refitted more than 300 domestic carrier machines. At present, the transformation scheme has the advantage of cost performance. The cost of a single transformation is about 900,000 yuan, and the communication rate is relatively low, which can meet the requirement of providing 4-minute voice communication for civil aviation.

●航科院（北京）科技发展有限公司董事长、天翼智慧航空科技股份有限公司副董事长 刘平

● Liu Ping, Chairman of the Academy of Aviation Sciences (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Vice Chairman of Tianyi Smart Aviation Technology Co., Ltd.

过去30年，移动通信技术的进步给我们的工作和生活带来了巨大变化。与移动通信技术相比，民航地空通信的变化并不大。地空宽带通信系统（AirtoGround，ATG）是针对飞机移动快、覆盖广等特点定制开发的。目前，全球有3个地空宽带通信系统。其中，美国的GogoAir是全球第一家地空宽带运营商，为6000多架商务机、2500架民航客机提供服务；EAN欧洲航空网可对整个欧洲大陆进行地空宽带通信覆盖；中国地空宽带通信系统目前正在建设中，运营商是天翼智慧航空科技股份有限公司。

In the past 30 years, the progress of mobile communication technology has brought great changes to our work and life. Compared with mobile communication technology, the change of civil aviation ground-air communication is not big. The ground-to-air broadband communication system (AirtoGround,ATG) is customized and developed for the characteristics of fast aircraft movement and wide coverage. At present, there are 3 ground-to-air broadband communication systems in the world. Among them, GogoAir in the United States is the world's first ground-to-air broadband operator, providing services for more than 6000 business jets and 2500 civil aviation airliners; EAN European Aviation Network can cover the entire European continent with ground-to-air broadband communications; China's ground-to-air broadband The communication system is currently under construction, and the operator is Tianyi Smart Aviation Technology Co., Ltd.

中国民航地空宽带通信技术研发开始于2011年。在民航局和工信部的大力支持与推动下，目前的建网方案是用民航频率建设服务于前舱的民航专网，用公众通信频率建设服务于后舱的公众通信网。这两个网合在一起就是中国地空宽带通信系统。我们的地空宽带通信系统与美国和欧洲的重要差别即其他两个系统都是服务后舱旅客的，而我们的系统既服务后舱旅客，也服务前舱应用。

The research and development of China's civil aviation ground-to-air broadband communication technology began in 2011. With the strong support and promotion of the Civil Aviation Administration and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the current network construction plan is to use civil aviation frequency to build a civil aviation private network serving the front cabin, and use public communication frequency to build a public communication network serving the rear cabin. Together, these two networks are China's ground-to-air broadband communication system. The important difference between our ground-to-air broadband communication system and the United States and Europe is that the other two systems serve rear-cabin passengers, and our system serves both rear-cabin passengers and front-cabin applications.

ATG在容量、价格等方面具有较大优势，但也存在无法对海洋或者国外进行覆盖的缺陷。未来，我们将考虑采用ATG结合卫星通信的方式，对民航飞行航班进行全覆盖。

ATG has great advantages in terms of capacity and price, but it also has the defect that it cannot cover the ocean or foreign countries. In the future, we will consider the use of ATG combined with satellite communications to fully cover civil aviation flights.

从应用场景来看，地空宽带通信的服务范围很广。例如，让航空器的黑匣子变为“明匣子”。ATG系统可以实时采集飞机上的FDR、CVR数据并做到实时下载。除此之外，ATG系统还能在飞行状态实时监控、飞机发动机实时健康监控、空中医疗救援、实时气象服务等方面发挥重要作用。

From the application scenario, the service range of ground-to-air broadband communication is very wide. For example, let the black box of an aircraft become an "open box". The ATG system can collect FDR and CVR data on the aircraft in real time and download them in real time. In addition, ATG system can also play an important role in real-time monitoring of flight status, real-time health monitoring of aircraft engines, air medical rescue, real-time weather services, etc.

地空宽带通信系统的应用，将对民航运行安全和旅客服务方面产生广泛而深刻的影响。根据目前的规划，2023年第一季度，我们将先改装5架波音飞机和5架空客飞机，随后对民航飞机进行规模化改装。按照规划，“十四五”期间，我国民航将有60%的飞机完成宽带通信接入。

The application of wideband ground-air communication system will have a wide and profound impact on civil aviation operation safety and passenger service. According to the current plan, in the first quarter of 2023, we will refit five Boeing aircraft and five Airbus aircraft, followed by large-scale refit of civilian aircraft. According to the plan, during the 14th Five-Year Plan, 60 percent of Chinese civil aviation aircraft will complete broadband communication access.

分型适配 制订适用于民航业的解决方案

Classification adaptation to develop solutions for the civil aviation industry

如今，机场业务正变得越来越复杂，协同性要求也越来越高，行业应该如何应对挑战？对此，我们应该谨记，智慧机场建设永远是围绕机场场景和业务展开的，技术的作用应该是让机场更加专注于自身业务创新。

Now that airport business is becoming more complex and more collaborative, how should the industry address the challenges? In this regard, we should keep in mind that the construction of smart airports will always focus on the airport scene and business, and the role of technology should be to make the airport more focused on its own business innovation.

●中国民航信息网络股份有限公司机场数字化产品事业部产品总监 浦黎

● Pu Li, Product Director of Airport Digital Products Division of China Civil Aviation Information Network Co., Ltd.

今天，科技正在推动行业获得前所未有的可能性。与此同时，机场也面临技术、能力、数据、业务等不同层面的挑战。作为当前最重要的IT基础设施和平台化技术，云和中台共同向企业、机场承诺了一系列优点，包括软硬件数据服务等全链共享、全链协同，快速灵活的横向扩容以及为机场降低投产成本等。

Today, technology is driving industry to unprecedented possibilities. At the same time, airports also face challenges at different levels such as technology, capability, data and operations. As the most important IT infrastructure and platform technology at present, cloud and mid-platform jointly promise a series of advantages to enterprises and airports, including whole-chain sharing of software and hardware data services, whole-chain collaboration, rapid and flexible horizontal expansion, and reduced production costs for airports.

这为民航业带来了治愈IT痼疾的希望。云和中台架构是互联网公司基于自身业务需求提出的解决方案，这种方案天然适配于互联网业务。民航业务有别于互联网业务，机场的本质是交通运输服务行业。机场从业务到组织、从开发到运维都与互联网公司存在巨大差异。这意味着，在机场场景中，类似横向扩容、快速迭代、DevOps等对互联网公司而言很重要的技术，并不能简单地照搬到机场场景中。我们需要基于机场场景对这些技术及其影响进行深入分析讨论，以形成真正适用于机场的平台技术体系。

This offers the industry hope of a cure for its IT ills. Cloud and mid-platform architecture is a solution proposed by Internet companies based on their own business requirements. This solution is naturally suitable for Internet services. Civil aviation business is different from Internet business, the essence of the airport is the transportation service industry. Airport from business to organization, from development to operation and maintenance are very different from Internet companies. This means that technologies such as horizontal expansion, rapid iteration, and DevOps, which are important to Internet companies, cannot simply be copied to the airport scenario. We need to conduct in-depth analysis and discussion on these technologies and their impacts based on airport scenarios, so as to form a truly applicable platform technology system for airports.

智慧机场的建设目标永远应该围绕机场场景和业务展开。机场在应用云和中台技术时，需要考虑和权衡以下几点：一是如何构筑适用于机场场景的技术底座。也就是说，要基于机场场景对平台架构进行简化，对相关功能进行适配，形成机场场景下的技术体系。二是基于平台化架构进行应用系统适配。三是考虑整个服务体系中每项服务的颗粒度。不同颗粒度的服务特性不同，产生的后果也不同。四是重视整个新架构下的挑战，这需要我们形成新的运维能力，找到新的应急处理手段。五是利用平台为小机场提供解决方案。总之，云和中台并不是闭着眼睛拿过来就能用好的，需要结合机场实际场景进行深度分析和适配，这对机场发展而言既是机遇，也是很大的挑战。

The goal of smart airport construction should always focus on the airport scene and business. When applying cloud and mid-platform technologies in airports, the following points need to be considered and weighed: First, how to build a technology base suitable for airport scenarios. In other words, the platform architecture should be simplified based on the airport scenario, and relevant functions should be adapted to form the technical system under the airport scenario. The second is the application system adaptation based on the platform architecture. Third, consider the granularity of each service in the whole service system. The service characteristics of different granularity have different consequences. Fourth, we need to pay attention to the challenges under the new framework, which requires us to develop new operation and maintenance capabilities and find new means of emergency response. Fifth, use the platform to provide solutions for small airports. In a word, cloud and middle platform are not just available with your eyes closed. They need to be deeply analyzed and adapted according to the actual scene of the airport, which is both an opportunity and a great challenge for the development of the airport.

●北京中兵智航软件技术有限公司总经理 肖震

● Xiao Zhen, General Manager of Beijing Zhongbing Zhihang Software Technology Co., Ltd.

“时空一体化”概念是对孤立描述实体时间和空间属性的数据加以关联与计算，从而更为准确、高效地反映客观世界规律的一系列技术。

The concept of spatio-temporal integration is a series of technologies that relate and calculate the data that describe the temporal and spatial attributes of entities in isolation, so as to reflect the laws of the objective world more accurately and efficiently.

民航业是对时空属性非常敏感的行业。在机场信息化、数字化建设过程中，很多系统建设都对时空数据有需求。机场场地开阔，有不少可移动资产，比如行李推车以及无动力设施等。如何统一管理这些可移动资产一直都是难题，而建设资产管理系统和资源调配系统需要时空信息的支撑。

The civil aviation industry is very sensitive to the characteristics of time and space. In the process of airport informatization and digitalization construction, many systems are required for spatio-temporal data. The airport is an open space with mobile assets such as baggage carts and unpowered facilities. How to manage these movable assets is always a difficult problem, and the construction of asset management system and resource allocation system needs the support of spatio-temporal information.

在不同系统和不同应用场景下，有些时空数据是可复用的，有些则需要多类型时空数据协作才能实现业务目标。为了避免出现重复建设、资源浪费以及定位盲区等问题，运用大数据和数据治理技术对时空数据进行统一规划成为必然。

In different systems and application scenarios, some spatiotemporal data can be reused, while others require multi-type spatiotemporal data collaboration to achieve business goals. In order to avoid problems such as repeated construction, resource waste and locating blind areas, it is inevitable to use big data and data governance technology to carry out unified planning of spatio-temporal data.

我们认为，统一管理时空数据可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段，对单一技术定位信息进行统一管理。以RFID为例，在建设过程中，无动力设施、航空货运都可能应用RFID定位技术。在第一阶段，将机场范围内所有涉及RFID的数据收集在一起，统一打造定位引擎，就能对所有RFID数据进行统一管理。第二阶段，打通不同技术收集的定位技术和定位数据，建设统一的位置服务平台。这是非常关键的一步，将为第三步实现数字化运营奠定基础。第三阶段，根据不同应用实现协同，对时空数据进行统一的数字化运营，达到优化业务流程、整合资源、降本增效的目的。

We believe that unified management of spatio-temporal data can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the single technology positioning information is managed uniformly. Take RFID as an example, in the construction process, unpowered facilities, air cargo may apply RFID positioning technology. In the first stage, all the RFID-related data within the airport are collected together to build a unified positioning engine, which can manage all the RFID data in a unified manner. In the second stage, the location technology and location data collected by different technologies are integrated to build a unified location service platform. This is a critical step that will set the stage for the third step towards digital operations. In the third stage, collaboration is achieved according to different applications, and unified digital operation of spatio-temporal data is carried out to achieve the purpose of optimizing business processes, integrating resources, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

在机场范围内，对人员、车辆和无动力设施进行统一管理，通过室内导航赋能商业发展，应急处突以及优化货运流程都需要定位技术的支持。随着定位技术水平以及机场整体数字化程度的不断提升，时空一体化技术的应用场景将越来越多，其应用空间也将越来越广阔。（《中国民航报》、中国民航网 记者王艺超）

Within the airport, positioning technologies are needed for the unified management of people, vehicles and unpowered facilities, for enabling business development through indoor navigation, for emergency response, and for optimizing cargo flow. With the continuous improvement of positioning technology level and the overall degree of airport digitalization, the application scenarios of spatio-temporal integration technology will be more and more, and its application space will be more and more broad. (Wang Yichao, reporter for China Civil Aviation News and China Civil Aviation Network)