突破卡脖子技术：己二腈国产化“破冰”，尼龙66放量在即

Breaking through the neck-sticking technology: adiponitrile localization "breaks the ice", and nylon 66 is just around the corner

1935年，在美国杜邦公司就职的化学家华莱士·卡罗瑟斯（Wallace Carothers）首次通过己二胺和己二酸合成了尼龙66。

In 1935, Wallace Carothers, a chemist working for DuPont Company in the United States, first synthesized nylon 66 from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.

此后近90年时间里，己二胺的关键原料己二腈生产技术一直被外企垄断。

Since then, the production technology of adiponitrile, the key raw material of hexamethylenediamine, has been monopolized by foreign companies for nearly 90 years.

中化国际（控股）股份有限公司（中化国际，600500）对澎湃新闻记者表示，过去，国内尼龙66聚合企业使用的己二腈主要依赖从国外进口，部分外企掌握原料，通过调节己二腈的供应控制了尼龙66的全球生产，导致国内企业在产业链地位、价格和产品应用等方面均“受制于人”，相关企业长期面临“买面做饼”的窘境。

Sinochem International (Holdings) Co., Ltd. (Sinochem International, 600500) told the the Paper reporter, In the past, adiponitrile used by domestic nylon 66 polymerization enterprises mainly relied on imports from abroad, and some foreign enterprises mastered raw materials, which controlled the global production of nylon 66 by adjusting the supply of adiponitrile. As a result, domestic enterprises were "subject to people" in terms of industrial chain status, price and product application, and related enterprises faced the dilemma of "buying noodles and making cakes" for a long time.

日前，我国首个自主开发的丁二烯法己二腈工业化生产项目在山东省淄博市建成投产，彻底打破了外企对己二腈技术的垄断。

Recently, China's first self-developed industrial production project of adiponitrile by butadiene method was completed and put into operation in Zibo City, Shandong Province, completely breaking the monopoly of foreign enterprises on adiponitrile technology.

中国化工信息中心（下称，“中国化信”）高级咨询顾问冀弘毅对澎湃新闻记者表示，丁二烯法流程短、原料消耗低、产品品质好，是目前全球领先的己二腈生产工艺。国内该工艺首次开车成功让行业看到了国产己二腈技术的“可靠性”。

Ji Hongyi, senior consultant of China Chemical Information Center (hereinafter referred to as "Sinicization Letter"), told the Paper that butadiene process is the world's leading adiponitrile production process with short process, low raw material consumption and good product quality. The successful start-up of this process for the first time in China made the industry see the "reliability" of domestic adiponitrile technology.

己二腈国产化之路

Localization of adiponitrile

面对己二腈技术被国外长期垄断的困局，国家发展改革委等部门曾多次发文，鼓励国内企业攻克己二腈相关技术，支持化工行业和相关企业解决尼龙66“自给率不足”等问题，促进产业链技术突破和产业升级。

In the face of the dilemma that adiponitrile technology has been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have issued documents many times to encourage domestic enterprises to overcome adiponitrile-related technologies, support the chemical industry and related enterprises to solve problems such as nylon 66 "insufficient self-sufficiency rate", and promote technological breakthroughs and industrial upgrading in the industrial chain.

期间，国内企业经历了多次自主生产己二腈的尝试。

During this period, domestic enterprises have experienced many attempts to produce adiponitrile independently.

20世纪70年代，中石油辽阳分公司引进了法国罗纳普朗克公司2万吨/年己二酸催化氨化法己二腈生产装置，但由于该工艺路线能耗高、流程长、副反应多，成本较高，于2002年停产。

In the 1970s, PetroChina Liaoyang Branch introduced the 20,000 tons/year adipic acid catalytic ammonitrile production plant of The French company Rhône Planck, but due to the high energy consumption, long process, many side reactions and high cost of the process route, it was discontinued in 2002.

2011年，山东润兴化工科技有限公司自主研发的丙烯腈法己二腈技术通过当地鉴定，但2015年该技术首套装置在试生产时发生爆炸。随后该项目被中止，而此次事故也为国产己二腈发展蒙上了一层“阴影”。

In 2011, the acrylonitrile adiponitrile technology independently developed by Shandong Runxing Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. passed the local appraisal, but in 2015, the first set of this technology exploded during trial production. Subsequently, the project was suspended, and the accident cast a shadow over the development of domestic adiponitrile.

直到2019年，国内聚氨酯龙头华峰集团有限公司（下称，“华峰集团”）年产能5万吨己二酸法己二腈项目投产。这是国内首个自主研发且顺利投产的己二腈项目，但该集团己二腈产品主要是用来自给自足，且相关技术没有对外授权，因此未能推动国内己二腈市场形成规模化发展。

Until 2019, Huafeng Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Huafeng Group"), the leading domestic polyurethane company, put into production the adiponitrile project with an annual production capacity of 50,000 tons. This is the first adiponitrile project independently developed and successfully put into production in China. However, the adiponitrile products of the Group are mainly used for self-sufficiency, and the related technologies are not authorized to the outside world, so it fails to promote the large-scale development of the domestic adiponitrile market.

同时，据业内人士介绍，华峰集团采用己二酸法生产己二腈技术门槛虽然更低，但成本更高，且该技术会产生杂质ICCP，分离难度大，影响产品质量。

At the same time, according to industry insiders, Huafeng Group uses adipic acid method to produce adiponitrile, although the technical threshold is lower, but the cost is higher, and this technology will produce impurity ICCP, which is difficult to separate and affects product quality.

结合数据来看，2021年全球实现己二腈产能204万吨/年，产销量128万吨，而我国己二腈年产能仅有10万吨，其中年产量和年消费量分别为6.5万吨、31.2万吨，仍高度依赖进口。

Combined with the data, in 2021, the global production capacity of adiponitrile will be 2.04 million tons / year, with production and sales of 1.28 million tons, while China's annual production capacity of adiponitrile is only 100,000 tons, of which the annual output and annual consumption are 65,000 tons and 312,000 tons, respectively, and are still highly dependent on imports.

今年7月31日，中国化学工程股份有限公司与淄博齐翔腾达化工股份有限公司（齐翔腾达，002408）合作设立的天辰齐翔新材料有限公司（下称“天辰齐翔”）20万吨/年丁二烯法己二腈装置开车成功，并产出己二腈优级产品。

On July 31st this year, the 200,000-ton/year adiponitrile plant of Tianchen Qi Xiang New Materials Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Tianchen Qi Xiang"), which was established by China Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. and Zibo Qi Xiang Tengda Chemical Co., Ltd. (Qi Xiang Tengda, 002408), was successfully started, and excellent adiponitrile products were produced.

冀弘毅介绍，“天辰齐翔具有国内首创的丁二烯法己二腈自主知识产权的专利技术，不仅可以提高企业自身的己二腈产能，未来还有望通过技术授权、转让等方式进一步推动国内己二腈行业整体发展。”

Ji Hongyi introduced, "Tianchen Qixiang has the first patented technology with independent intellectual property rights of butadiene method adiponitrile, which can not only improve the company's own adiponitrile production capacity, but also hope to further promote the overall development of the domestic adiponitrile industry through technology authorization and transfer in the future." ”

与此同时，外企也在加大对中国己二腈市场的布局。英威达对澎湃新闻表示，公司年产能40万吨己二腈项目预计今年年底前投产，可支持80万吨尼龙66切片生产。

At the same time, foreign companies are also increasing the layout of China's adiponitrile market. INVISTA told the surging news that the company's annual production capacity of 400,000 tons of adiponitrile project is expected to be put into operation before the end of this year, which can support the production of 800,000 tons of nylon 66 slices.

平安证券在研报中表示，天辰齐翔和英威达的己二腈项目投产后，己二腈价格将出现大幅下降，同时市场竞争将加剧。在各个国内项目陆续投产的情况下，己二腈的供应甚至可能出现过剩。

Ping an Securities said in the research report that after the adiponitrile projects of Tianchen Qi Xiang and Inventec are put into production, the price of adiponitrile will drop sharply, and the market competition will intensify. Under the condition that various domestic projects are put into production one after another, the supply of adiponitrile may even be surplus.

中国化信预测，未来5至10年，中国己二腈产能将出现爆发式增长，2025年将达132万吨/年，2030年达187万吨/年。

Sinicization letter predicts that in the next 5 to 10 years, China's adiponitrile production capacity will explode, reaching 1.32 million tons/year in 2025 and 1.87 million tons/year in 2030.

尼龙66产业“咽喉”

Nylon 66 Industry "Throat"

如何理解己二腈对于发展尼龙66的重要性？

How to understand the importance of adiponitrile for developing nylon 66.

天辰齐翔董事长梁军湘曾做过一个比喻，我们生产尼龙66，没有己二腈，就像我们想做面包，没有面粉。

Liang Junxiang, chairman of Tianchen Qi Xiang, once made a metaphor. We produce nylon 66 without adiponitrile, just like we want to make bread without flour.

尼龙66的主要原料是己二酸和己二胺，我国是全球第一大己二酸生产国及消费国，己二酸供应充足，而己二胺主要由原料己二腈加氢后制得，加氢过程没有技术门槛，可以说尼龙66的供应难点主要在于己二腈。

The main raw materials of nylon 66 are adipic acid and adiamine, China is the world's largest producer and consumer of adipic acid, adipic acid supply is sufficient, and adiamine is mainly produced by the raw material adiponitrile hydrogenation, the hydrogenation process has no technical threshold, it can be said that the supply difficulty of nylon 66 lies mainly in adiponitrile.

目前，全球己二腈产能主要集中在英威达、巴斯夫、奥升德、旭化成等国外企业手中，且主要是自用，少量外售。其中，英威达是全球最领先的己二腈生产商，产能占全球总产能比重过半，公司丁二烯法生产技术是目前实际生产中最具成本效益的技术之一。

At present, the global adiponitrile production capacity is mainly concentrated in the hands of foreign enterprises such as Inventec, BASF, Aoshengde and Asahi Kasei, which are mainly for self-use and a small amount for export. Among them, Inventec is the world's leading adiponitrile producer, and its production capacity accounts for more than half of the world's total production capacity. The company's butadiene production technology is one of the most cost-effective technologies in actual production at present.

外企对己二腈技术垄断和供应控制导致国内己二腈在2019年以前全部依赖进口，限制了中国下游产业的发展。

Foreign companies monopolize adiponitrile technology and control its supply, which leads to domestic adiponitrile relying on imports before 2019, which limits the development of downstream industries in China.

2018年，英威达、奥升德、以及索尔维等几家己二腈龙头企业接连遭遇不可抗力，导致当年己二腈、己二胺产能严重供应不足。国内除了尼龙66龙头企业神马实业股份有限公司（神马股份，600810）因与英威达签署了己二腈长协，供应相对稳定外，其他尼龙66企业均遭遇价格上涨、断供等危机。

In 2018, several leading adiponitrile companies such as INVISTA, Ascend, and Solvay suffered force majeure one after another, resulting in a serious shortage of adiponitrile and hexanediamine production capacity that year. In addition to the nylon 66 leading enterprise Shenma Industrial Co., Ltd. (Shenma Shares, 600810) because of the signing of the adinitrile long-term agreement with INVISTA, the supply is relatively stable, other nylon 66 enterprises have suffered from price increases, supply cuts and other crises.

据悉，受此影响，2018年国内己二胺价格从1月初27600元/吨涨至81500元/吨，全年上涨195%。

It is reported that affected by this, the domestic price of hexamethylenediamine increased from 27,600 yuan/ton in early January to 81,500 yuan/ton in 2018, with an annual increase of 195%.

己二腈技术攻克难，国内相关企业尝试绕过己二腈，通过其他技术生产己二胺。

Adiponitrile technology is difficult to overcome, so domestic related enterprises try to bypass adiponitrile and produce hexanediamine through other technologies.

中化国际今年4月表示，公司经过3年探索，自主开发了己二胺生产工艺，成功避开了己二腈卡脖子难题，形成了国内首套“催化剂制备--己二胺合成--尼龙66聚合”的全流程工艺技术。

Sinochem International said in April this year that after 3 years of exploration, the company independently developed the production process of adipamine, successfully avoided the problem of adiponitrile neck, and formed the first set of "catalyst preparation - hexanediamine synthesis - nylon 66 polymerization" of the whole process technology.

中化国际对澎湃新闻表示，该生产工艺也被称为“己内酰胺法”，以“己内酰胺”为原料，经氨化、加氢两步制得己二胺，生产成本接近丁二烯直接氢氰化法，优于己二酸法，且产品收率高、三废排放少。

Sinochem International told the Paper that this production process is also called "caprolactam method", which uses caprolactam as raw material to prepare hexanediamine through ammoniation and hydrogenation. The production cost is close to that of butadiene direct hydrocyanation method, which is superior to adipic acid method, and the product yield is high and the emission of three wastes is less.

据中国化信介绍，己内酰胺是生产尼龙6的主要原料，“己内酰胺法”制己二胺，打通了尼龙6到尼龙66的产业链，在己内酰胺总产能过剩，及相关企业具备原料优势的特殊产业环境下，存在经济性和可行性。

According to Sinicization Letter, caprolactam is the main raw material for producing nylon 6, and the production of hexanediamine by caprolactam method has opened up the industrial chain from nylon 6 to nylon 66, which is economical and feasible under the special industrial environment where the total capacity of caprolactam is excessive and related enterprises have raw material advantages.

澎湃新闻了解到，当前国内己内酰胺总产能503万吨/年，实际产量395万吨/年，且拟/在建产能超400万吨/年，已经呈现产能过剩趋势。

The Paper learned that the total production capacity of caprolactam in China is 5.03 million tons/year, the actual output is 3.95 million tons/year, and the planned/under construction production capacity exceeds 4 million tons/year, showing a trend of overcapacity.

中国化信表示，能够稳定产出满足下游需求的己二腈是国产化成功的前提，国产己二腈从无到有，各种工艺还处于摸索阶段，不同企业选择己二腈生产工艺时要结合自身原料优势、资源优势，同时还应注意技术成本、安全与市场需求。

According to Sinicization Letter, the stable output of adiponitrile to meet the downstream demand is the prerequisite for the success of localization. Domestic adiponitrile has grown from scratch, and various processes are still in the exploratory stage. Different enterprises should combine their own advantages in raw materials and resources when choosing adiponitrile production processes, and pay attention to technical cost, safety and market demand.

打开尼龙66市场需求

Open the market demand of nylon 66

尼龙66因其耐高温、耐水解、耐磨、阻燃性好、密度适中等综合性能高广泛用于工程塑料、工业纤维与民用纤维领域，其中，工程塑料的终端应用包括汽车、电子电气、工业和机械、消费品以及家用电器。

Nylon 66 is widely used in the fields of engineering plastics, industrial fibers and civil fibers because of its high temperature resistance, hydrolysis resistance, wear resistance, good flame retardancy, and medium density, among which the end applications of engineering plastics include automotive, electrical and electronic, industrial and mechanical, consumer goods and household appliances.

己二腈国产化不仅能够打破我国对己二腈的进口依赖，更有助释放国内尼龙66的产能，打开下游市场需求。

Localization of adiponitrile can not only break China's dependence on adiponitrile imports, but also help release domestic nylon 66 production capacity and open up downstream market demand.

华泰证券研报表示，在己二腈原料国产化趋势下，国内尼龙66行业迎来投建高峰，截至2022年7月，国内拟建尼龙66产能超过560万吨/年。在全产业链大扩容背景下，尼龙66产业链从己二腈生产到尼龙66聚合和纺丝等多环节拟建产能较多，带动下游需求增长。

According to Huatai Securities Research Report, under the trend of localization of adiponitrile raw materials, the domestic nylon 66 industry ushered in the peak of investment and construction. As of July 2022, the domestic proposed nylon 66 production capacity exceeded 5.6 million tons/year.Under the background of the large-scale expansion of the whole industrial chain, the nylon 66 industrial chain from adiponitrile production to nylon 66 polymerization and spinning and other links are planned to build more production capacity, driving downstream demand growth.

中国化信数据显示，过去5年，尼龙66在汽车和合成纤维市场的需求呈下降趋势，在其他应用中的消费量缓慢增长，导致其全球消费量为负增长。未来在上游原料产能增长的带动下，尼龙66在工程塑料以及工业纤维领域有望部分替代尼龙6，迎来较快市场增速。

According to the data of Chinaixin, in the past five years, the demand of nylon 66 in automobile and synthetic fiber market showed a downward trend, and the consumption in other applications increased slowly, resulting in negative growth of its global consumption. In the future, driven by the growth of upstream raw material production capacity, nylon 66 is expected to partially replace nylon 6 in the fields of engineering plastics and industrial fibers, and usher in a rapid market growth rate.

尼龙6和尼龙66是“尼龙家族”中生产技术最为成熟、应用最为广泛的产品，两者在全部尼龙消费中的占比超过九成。尼龙6性价比更高，尼龙66性能更好，两者下游应用领域高度重合，但在工程塑料领域，尼龙66与尼龙6的性能差异更突出，因此该领域尼龙66潜在替代空间较大。

Nylon 6 and nylon 66 are the most mature and widely used products in the "nylon family", accounting for more than 90% of all nylon consumption. Nylon 6 is more cost-effective, nylon 66 has better performance, and the downstream applications of the two are highly overlapping, but in the field of engineering plastics, the performance difference between nylon 66 and nylon 6 is more prominent, so the potential replacement space of nylon 66 in this field is larger.

中国化信表示，2021年中国工程塑料市场尼龙66占尼龙整体市场（尼龙66和尼龙6整体）比例约33%，美国占比超过70%，而西欧地区的这一比例在50%以上。按照尼龙66在工程塑料和工业丝领域替代约20%尼龙6的市场规模测算，至2025年中国尼龙66产能将超过220万吨/年，需求将达100.5万吨。（记者 王晶晶）

China Chemsin said that in 2021, China's engineering plastics market nylon 66 accounted for about 33% of the overall nylon market (nylon 66 and nylon 6 overall), the United States accounted for more than 70%, while the proportion in Western Europe was more than 50%. According to the market size of nylon 66 replacing about 20% nylon 6 in the field of engineering plastics and industrial yarn, by 2025, the production capacity of China's nylon 66 will exceed 2.2 million tons / year, and the demand will reach 1.005 million tons. (Reporter Wang Jingjing)