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河北金融学院—学生翻译实践
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2025软科世界一流学科排名发布，中国内地14所高校21个学科排名世界第一

11月18日，2025“软科世界一流学科排名”发布。2025年排名新增人工智能、机器人科学与工程两个学科，排名学科数达到57个，覆盖理学、工学、生命科学、医学和社会科学五大领域。GRAS的排名对象包括全球3000多所大学，最终发布的榜单展示了92个国家和地区的2000余所高校的近2万个学科点。 2025软科世界一流学科排名中，中国内地高校在电力电子工程、生物医学工程、材料科学与工程3个学科首度问鼎世界第一，使得中国内地高校的全球冠军学科增加到21个。分别是清华大学(机械工程、电力电子工程、化学工程、材料科学与工程、纳米科学与技术、能源科学与工程、环境科学与工程)、上海交通大学(生物医学工程、船舶与海洋工程)、东南大学(通信工程)、哈尔滨工业大学(仪器科学)、同济大学(土木工程)、河海大学(水资源工程)、江南大学(食品科学与工程)、北京航空航天大学(航空航天工程)、武汉大学(遥感技术)、中南大学(矿业工程)、北京科技大学(冶金工程)、东华大学(纺织科学与工程)、中国农业大学(农学)、扬州大学(兽医学)。其中，扬州大学首次拥有全球冠军学科。

2025-12-01 胡麟祥 教育资讯 中-英
欧盟通过化学品风险评估简化方案

中化新网讯 11月13日，欧盟理事会宣布，一项旨在简化欧盟化学品风险评估流程的立法方案已于当日正式通过。 欧盟理事会表示，“一种物质，一次评估”(OSOA)一揽子方案将更高效地保护人类健康与环境，缩短从识别潜在风险到采取必要监管行动的时间差。该方案将涵盖医疗器械、玩具、食品、农药及生物杀灭剂相关物质。欧盟将设立一个由欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)运营的新通用数据平台，整合欧盟70余项立法中的现有数据，成为化学品信息的“一站式”查询中心。欧盟理事会指出，该平台还将包含高关注化学品的更安全替代品数据库，助力推动向更安全、更可持续的物质转型。 OSOA一揽子方案包含三项立法文件：一是建立化学品通用数据平台的法规;二是两项分别旨在加强欧盟化学品领域相关机构(含欧洲化学品管理局)间合作、重新分配科技类工作任务的法规与指令。11月13日的投票标志着该立法进程的完成，三项文件即将在《欧盟官方公报》上发布，并将于发布20天后正式生效。

2025-12-01 胡麟祥 化工 中-英
More countries report rising levels of drug-resistant gonorrhoea, warns WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection, is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, according to new data from its Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP), which monitors the spread of drug-resistant gonorrhoea. The report highlights the need to strengthen surveillance, improve diagnostic capacity and ensure equitable access to new treatments for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The release of the new data coincides with World Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Awareness Week, reinforcing the importance of global action against drug-resistant infections. EGASP, launched by WHO in 2015, collects laboratory and clinical data from sentinel sites around the world to track AMR and inform treatment guidelines. “This global effort is essential to tracking, preventing, and responding to drug-resistant gonorrhoea and to protecting public health worldwide,” said Dr Tereza Kasaeva, Director of the WHO Department for HIV, TB, Hepatitis & STIs. “WHO calls on all countries to address the rising levels of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and integrate gonorrhoea surveillance into national STI programmes.” Between 2022 and 2024, resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime, the primary antibiotics used to treat gonorrhoea, rose sharply from 0.8% to 5% and from 1.7% to 11% respectively, with resistant strains detected in more countries. Resistance to azithromycin remained stable at 4%, while resistance to ciprofloxacin reached 95%. Cambodia and Viet Nam reported the highest resistance rates. In 2024, 12 EGASP countries in five WHO regions provided data, an increase from just four countries in 2022. This is a positive development reflecting growing commitment to track and contain drug-resistant infections in countries and regions. The countries- Brazil, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, the Philippines, Qatar, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, Uganda and Viet Nam reported 3615 cases of gonorrhoea. Over half of all cases of symptomatic gonorrhoea in men (52%) were reported from countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region, including the Philippines (28%), Viet Nam (12%), Cambodia (9%) and Indonesia (3%). Countries of the WHO African Region accounted for 28% of cases, followed by countries in the South-East Asia Region (13%, Thailand), the Eastern Mediterranean Region (4%, Qatar) and the Region of the Americas (2%, Brazil). The median patient age was 27 years (range: 12–94). Among cases, 20% were men who have sex with men, and 42% reported multiple sexual partners within the past 30 days. Eight percent reported recent antibiotic use, and 19% had travelled recently. Strengthening and expanding global surveillance In 2024, WHO advanced genomic surveillance, with nearly 3000 samples sequenced from eight countries. Landmark studies on new treatments such as zoliflodacin and gepotidacin, as well as studies on tetracycline resistance, were conducted by WHO’s Collaborating Centre on AMR in STI in Sweden, in coordination with WHO. These are helping guide future gonorrhoea control and doxycycline-based prevention (DoxyPEP) strategies. EGASP continued to expand its reach in 2024, with Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire and Qatar joining the programme, and India beginning implementation and data reporting starting in 2025 under its National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Programme. Despite notable progress, EGASP faces challenges, including limited funding, incomplete reporting, and gaps in data from women and extragenital sites. WHO calls for urgent investment, particularly in national surveillance systems, to sustain and expand global gonococcal AMR surveillance.

2025-12-01 胡麟祥 医学 英-中
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