Meteor shower guide 2022: Dates and viewing advice

2022年流星雨指南：日期和观看建议

The meteor showers in 2022 will not be as impressive as in previous years as many coincide with bright moon phases. Nevertheless, we still expect some impressive light shows from our faithful Perseid and Geminid showers — albeit with lower hourly rates. The end of May will be exciting as there is the possibility of witnessing a meteor shower that has never been seen before — the tau Herculids.

2022年的流星雨不会像前几年那样令人印象深刻，因为许多流星雨都与明亮的月亮相吻合。尽管如此，我们仍然期待我们忠实的英仙座和双子座阵雨带来一些令人印象深刻的灯光秀——尽管每小时的费率较低。5月底将是令人兴奋的，因为有可能目睹一场从未见过的流星雨——头猴类。

If you find yourself asking "is there a meteor shower tonight?" or "when is the next meteor shower?" our meteor shower guide will help you know where and when meteor showers are occurring and how you can view them.

如果你发现自己在问“今晚有流星雨吗？”或者“下一场流星雨是什么时候？”我们的流星雨指南将帮助您了解流星雨发生的时间和地点，以及如何查看流星雨。

Bill Cooke, the lead for the Meteoroid Environment Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, spoke with Space.com and offered skywatching tips and details on the major meteor showers that are visible this year.

位于阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔的美国宇航局马歇尔航天飞行中心流星体环境办公室主任比尔·库克接受了《太空》杂志的采访。并提供了有关今年可见的主要流星雨的空中观察提示和详细信息。

We asked Cooke if there was a particular shower he would recommend for 2022.

我们问库克，他是否会推荐2022年的特别淋浴。

"My choices would be (in chronological order) the tau Herculids, the Perseids and the Geminids" said Cooke. "The tau Herculids just because there’s a chance to see a meteor shower that has never been seen before and the Perseids and Geminids because even with the moonlight, they will be better than the other showers."

库克说：“我的选择是（按时间顺序）头类、英仙座和双子座。”。“头猴类只是因为有机会看到从未见过的流星雨，英仙座和双子座是因为即使有月光，它们也会比其他流星雨更好。”

"I would give the Geminids a slight edge over the Perseids, though. The thing to highlight is that the rates from these “old reliable” meteor showers will suffer greatly from the moonlight, so folks should not expect much." Cooke continued.

“不过，我认为双子座的流星雨比英仙座的流星雨略胜一筹。值得强调的是，这些“可靠的”流星雨的速度将受到月光的严重影响，所以人们不应该期望太多。”库克继续说。

Meteor showers are an investment of time and preparation is key to seeing them, according to Cooke, but it's worthwhile because it's cheap — no telescope or binoculars are necessary — and the simplest form of astronomy there is.

库克说，流星雨是一项时间投资，而准备工作是观看流星雨的关键，但这是值得的，因为它便宜——不需要望远镜或双筒望远镜——而且最简单的天文学形式就是。

Meteor shower observing can't be done on a whim, but it's pretty straightforward: Get away from bright lights, take time to adjust your eyes to the night sky and avoid looking at your cellphone if you get bored. The bright screen can throw a wrench in your efforts to adjust your night vision. "My suggestion to my friends who want to observe meteors is, leave your phone inside," said Cooke.

流星雨观测不是一时兴起的，但它非常简单：远离明亮的灯光，花时间调整你的眼睛以适应夜空，如果你感到无聊，避免看手机。明亮的屏幕会干扰你调整夜视的努力。库克说：“我给那些想观察流星的朋友们的建议是，把手机放在里面。”。

Give your eyes 30-45 minutes to adapt to the dark, he said, and take in as much of the sky as possible by lying down flat on your back. Meteors can appear anywhere in the sky, and the more sky you see, the better your chance is to spot one.

他说，给你的眼睛30-45分钟的时间来适应黑暗，平躺在地上尽可能多地吸收天空。流星可以出现在天空的任何地方，你看到的天空越多，你发现流星的机会就越大。

Each shower has a radiant, or a point in the sky where the meteors appear to originate. Knowing where the radiant is can be helpful, though the longer streaks will be visible farther away from the radiant. "You do not want to look at the radiant," Cooke said. "A good philosophy is to lie on your back and look straight up. And that way, you take in as much of the sky as you can."

每一场流星雨都有一个辐射源，或者说是天空中流星的发源地。知道辐射源的位置可能会有所帮助，尽管距离辐射源较远的地方可以看到较长的条纹。库克说：“你不想看到辐射体。”。“一个好的哲学是仰面躺着，直视天空。这样，你就可以尽可能多地欣赏天空。”

Keep in mind that some sky conditions can impede the successful viewing of shooting stars. Cloud coverage could block the sky, and the moon could also tarnish meteor shower viewing even on a clear night. Depending on the moon phases the amount of moonlight will wash out the faint meteors.

请记住，某些天空条件可能会妨碍成功观看流星。云层覆盖可能会挡住天空，即使在晴朗的夜晚，月亮也可能会使流星雨的观测黯然失色。根据月相的不同，月光的多少会冲走微弱的流星。

Sometimes meteor showers produce exceptionally bright streaks. Observers can occasionally spot fireballs, or meteors brighter than Venus, the brightest planet in the night sky. The rate of shooting stars can be higher than usual in some instances, too, when the stream of space rocks gets a gravitational "nudge" from the planet Jupiter.

有时流星雨会产生异常明亮的条纹。观测者偶尔会发现火球，或比夜空中最亮的行星金星更亮的流星。在某些情况下，当太空岩石流受到木星的引力“推动”时，流星的射出率也会比平常高。

Related: Brilliant yellow-green fireball lights up sky above England (video, photos)

相关报道：明亮的黄绿色火球照亮了英格兰上空（视频，照片）

Meteor showers happen when Earth passes through the debris field of a comet or asteroid as these objects make their way around the sun, shedding "crumbs" along the way. That's why a given meteor shower generally appears around the same time each calendar year. And occasionally, when Jupiter gets close to a stream of debris, its immense gravity perturbs the particles, nudging them slightly closer to Earth and thereby increasing the number of meteors visible in the night sky. Occasionally, this can produce outbursts or brief periods of intense activity in which skywatchers can see more than 1,000 meteors per hour.

流星雨发生在地球上，穿过彗星或小行星的碎片场，这些碎片围绕太阳旋转，脱离“碎片”轨道。这就是为什么流星雨通常在每个日历年的同一时间出现。有时，当木星接近残骸流时，它巨大的引力会被这些粒子扰动，使它们接近地球，从而增加夜空中可见的流星数量。有时，这会导致爆发或短期爆发，天文学家每小时可以看到1000多颗陨石。

Most annual meteor showers don't outburst, though, and are typically classified as strong, medium or weak showers, depending on their peak rates. This guide will feature strong and medium showers occurring in 2022 when observers have a good chance to spot a meteor streak.

不过，大多数一年一度的流星雨不会爆发，通常根据其峰值速率分为强、中或弱流星雨。本指南将介绍2022年发生的强降雨和中等降雨，届时观察者有很好的机会发现流星条纹。

The Lyrid meteor shower is a medium-strength shower, according to the American Meteor Society (AMS). It will peak on the night of April 21 into the morning of April 22, displaying about 18 meteors per hour in a clear sky.

据美国流星协会（AMS）称，天琴座流星雨是中等强度的流星雨。它将在4月21日晚上到4月22日上午达到峰值，在晴朗的天空中每小时显示约18颗流星。

The moon will be 67% full, so the moonlight may interfere with your observations. The radiant of the Lyrids will be high in the northern hemisphere's sky during the near-dawn hours.

月亮将是67%的满月，所以月光可能会干扰你的观察。天琴座的辐射将在黎明时分高高地出现在北半球的天空中。

Related: Lyrid meteor shower 2022: When, where & how to see it

相关报道：天琴座流星雨2022：何时、何地及如何观看

The radiant will be between the constellations Lyra and Hercules. The bright star Vega is part of Lyra, so you can also look for it to get a good idea of where the radiant for the Lyrids will be.

光芒将出现在天琴座和大力神星座之间。明亮的织女星是天琴座的一部分，所以你也可以通过寻找它来了解天琴座的辐射源在哪里。

Viewers should have a good view of the meteor shower for the three days around the shower's peak, according to AMS.

据AMS称，在流星雨高峰期前后的三天里，观众应该能很好地观看流星雨。

Astronomers think the source for all the space bits that create the Lyrid meteor shower is Comet Thatcher. The Lyrids have been viewed by different cultures for the past 2,700 years, according to NASA (opens in new tab).

天文学家认为，产生天琴座流星雨的所有空间碎片的来源是撒切尔彗星。据美国国家航空航天局（NASA）称，在过去2700年里，天琴座一直被不同的文化观看（在新标签中打开）。

On the night of May 5, observers get the chance to spot the Eta Aquarids at their peak. The maximum rate for shooting stars in a clear sky will be about 50 per hour, according to Cooke. These fast meteors travel across the sky at about 42 miles (67 kilometers) per second, according to AMS.

5月5日傍晚，观察员有机会在“埃塔-阿库里德”号船上看到高潮点。库克说，晴空中对星星的最高射速将是每小时50左右。根据AMS的数据，这些高速流星以每秒42英里（67公里）的速度穿越天空。

The moon will be in its waxing crescent phase (about 15% full) when the shower peaks.

当阵雨达到峰值时，月亮将处于月牙盈盈期（约15%满月）。

These chunks of space debris come from a celestial icon: Halley's Comet. The Eta Aquarid meteor shower is categorized as a strong shower and is best viewed from the Southern Hemisphere or close to the equator. Folks in some northern latitudes, however, can also observe them.

这些太空碎片来自一个天体图标：哈雷彗星。埃塔Aquarid流星雨属于强流星雨，最好从南半球或靠近赤道的地方观看。然而，一些北纬地区的人们也可以观察到它们。

Related: Eta Aquarid meteors dazzle in spectacular 'shooting star' photos

相关报道：Eta Aquarid流星在壮观的“流星”照片中令人眼花缭乱

People close to the equator will have the best chance to see the Eta Aquarids. The meteors radiate from the constellation Aquarius, which dwells in the southern sky. This means that the radiant of these shooting stars will be lower on the horizon for those viewing from the Northern Hemisphere, and it will appear higher in the sky for observers in the Southern Hemisphere.

接近赤道的人会有更好的机会看到艾塔水族馆。流星从栖息在南方天空的水瓶座发出辐射.这意味着，对于那些从北半球观测到的人来说，地平线上的流星辐射较低，而对于来自南半球的观测者来说，天空中的流星辐射较高。

"The Etas are not a shower that you can go out to see after sunset because the radiant won't be up," said Cooke. To see the Eta Aquarids, Cooke recommends getting up to be outside at 2:00 a.m. local time. From then on, the rates will continue to increase until dawn.

库克说：“ETA不是日落后可以出去看的淋浴，因为辐射灯不会升起。”。为了看埃塔·阿奎里德一家，库克建议在当地时间凌晨2点起床到户外。从那时起，利率将继续上升，直到黎明。

These meteors are short, swift streaks, produce long trains, according to AMS, and travel at about 41 miles (66 km) per second.

根据AMS的数据，这些流星是短而快的条纹，产生长的火车，以每秒41英里（66公里）的速度飞行。

New for 2022, the tau Herculids may make an appearance on the night of May 30-31. The tau Herculids come from the comet 73P/Schwassman-Wachmann which began to fragment in 1995.

新的2022年，头猴类可能会出现在5月30日至31日晚上。头类猴类来自于1995年开始分裂的73P/Schwassman-Wachman彗星。

"It all depends on how fast the particles produced in the 1995 breakup of the parent comment SW-3 are," said Cooke. "If they were ejected at relatively high speed, then a decent display of faint meteors with rates up to one per minute may be seen. If the relative speeds are low, there will be nada. The end of May will be interesting..."

“这完全取决于1995年母星SW-3解体时产生的粒子速度。”库克说 “如果他们射速相对较快，可以看到微弱的流星以每分钟一滴的速度出现。如果相对速度较低，纳达就会出现。5月底会很有趣……”…”

Despite its name, the tau Herculids radiant is not in the constellation Hercules but rather in the western Boötes, near the bright star of Arcturus.

尽管有它的名字，但发光的头大力神并不在大力神星座，而是在大角星附近的博特斯西部。

The moon is new on May 30, so there will be no moonlight to wash out faint meteors according to Cooke.

库克表示，5月30日的月亮是新的，因此不会有月光冲刷微弱的流星。

The Perseids are a strong meteor shower that produce rich and bright streaks. Though Cooke said that the full moon will badly interfere with the 2022 Perseids.

英仙座流星雨是一种强烈的流星雨，产生丰富而明亮的条纹。尽管库克说满月会严重干扰2022年的英仙座。

Viewers can start observing around 11 p.m. local time when the rates of shooting start increasing and can watch the sky until dawn.

观众可以在当地时间晚上11点左右开始观察，此时拍摄率开始增加，并可以观看天空直到黎明。

Related: Perseid meteor shower 2022: When, where & how to see it

相关报道：2022英仙座流星雨：何时、何地及如何观看

The Perseid meteor shower radiant is in the constellation Perseus. This strong shower is produced by Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle, an icy body that takes 133 Earth years to orbit once around the sun.

英仙座流星雨位于英仙座。这场强烈的流星雨是由109P/Swift-Tuttle彗星产生的，这颗冰冷的天体绕太阳运行一周需要133个地球年。

If there's a clear sky, the Perseids will have a meteor rate of about 100 visible "shooting stars" per hour. But the full moon will drastically reduce the amount we can see.

如果天空晴朗，英仙座流星的速度将达到每小时约100颗可见的“流星”。但是满月将大大减少我们所能看到的数量。

Like the Eta Aquarids, the Orionid meteor shower is a by-product of Halley's Comet. In 2021 the Orionids will peak on the night of Oct. 20, with clear-sky rates of about 20 meteors per hour.

和埃塔-阿奎里斯一样，猎户座流星雨也是哈雷彗星的副产品。在2021，在10月20日晚上，猎户座将达到顶峰，每小时大约有20颗流星。

The moon will be 21% full this year and so will not interfere with Orionid viewing opportunities as much as it did in 2021.

今年的月球将满21%，因此不会像2021所看到的那样干扰ORIONID的观看机会。

Orionids are named for their radiant near the constellation Orion, the hunter, which is one of the easier constellations to spot with the three stars that make up its "belt."

猎户座因其在猎户座附近的辐射而得名，猎户座是猎户座中最容易被发现的星座之一，它的“腰带”由三颗恒星组成

The period of activity peaks on Oct. 20 but begins on Oct. 2 and lasts until Nov. 7. The radiant rises just before midnight and is at its highest point around 2 a.m. local time.

活动的高峰期是10月20日，但从10月2日开始，一直持续到11月7日。辐射在午夜前升起，在当地时间凌晨2点左右达到最高点。

Related: Orionid meteor shower thrills skywatchers! See the photos

相关报道：猎户座流星雨让天空观察者兴奋不已！看到照片了吗

The Taurid meteor shower is an annual meteor shower that occurs every November in the Northern Hemisphere. The Taurids put on a rather modest show, especially when compared with August's Perseid meteor shower or December's Geminid meteors.

金牛座流星雨是每年11月在北半球发生的年度流星雨。金牛座的表现相当温和，尤其是与8月的英仙座流星雨或12月的双子座流星雨相比。

At peak viewing times during the Taurid meteor shower, you may be able to see about a half-dozen shooting stars per hour, at best. Otherwise, you may not even notice the quiet star show above your head.

在观看金牛座流星雨的高峰期，你最多每小时能看到六颗流星。否则，你甚至可能不会注意到头顶上安静的明星秀。

In the southern hemisphere the Taurids peak on Oct, 10-11 and are active for more than two months.

在南半球，金牛座在10月10日至11日达到顶峰，活跃了两个多月。

The Taurids are named for their radiant in the constellation of Taurus. To find Taurus, look east, toward the constellation of Orion the Hunter, shining low in the sky. Use Orion's "belt" of three blue-white stars as a pointer and follow it to the upper right where you'll see a "V" of stars lying on its side. This is the Hyades star cluster which represents the horns of Taurus, the bull.

金牛座的金牛座以其光芒而闻名.为了寻找金牛座并向东看，猎户座在天空中低低闪烁。由三颗蓝色和白色的猎户座恒星组成的“腰带”被用作右上角沿着它的指针，在那里你会看到“V”星躺在它的一边。这是代表金牛座角的海德斯星团。

A little further along you'll see a thumbnail-sized knot of stars that looks like a mini version of the Big Dipper. This is the Pleiades star cluster, and the Taurid meteors all appear to zip away from just beneath it.

再往前走一点，你会看到一个缩略大小的恒星结，看起来像一个迷你版的北斗七星。这是昴宿星团，金牛座流星似乎都在它的下方快速移动。

Related: Under the stars: Photographer captures stunning Taurid meteor

相关报道：星空下：摄影师捕捉到了令人惊叹的金牛座流星

The Leonids offer clear-sky meteor rates of about 10 to 15 shooting stars per hour. According to Cooke, there may be a possible additional peak on the night of Nov. 19.

狮子座流星群的晴空流星速度约为每小时10到15颗流星。库克表示，11月19日晚上可能会出现额外的高峰。

The Leonids are bright meteors and have a high percentage of persistent trains according to AMS. They will peak this year between midnight and dawn.

根据AMS的数据，狮子座流星是明亮的流星，有很高比例的持续序列。它们将在今年午夜到黎明之间达到峰值。

Related: The most amazing Leonid meteor shower photos

相关报道：最惊人的狮子座流星雨照片

The Leonids' radiant is located in the sickle-shaped head of the constellation Leo, the lion.

狮子座流星群位于狮子座镰刀形的头部。

Leonid skygazing can be incredible, or it can be dull. It all depends on where its parent body, Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, will be in its orbit and the kind of debris clumps that will be around when our planet passes through this comet's orbit.

列奥尼德对天空的看法可能令人难以置信，也很无聊。这一切都取决于55 P/Tempel-Tuttle彗星在其轨道上的位置，以及当它通过这颗彗星的轨道时我们星球周围发生了什么。

The Leonids put on big shows in 1966, 1999 and 2001, according to AMS, when the comet was making its closest approach to the sun. It will be several years until observers get a big show from the Leonids.

据AMS称，狮子座流星在1966年、1999年和2001年进行了大型表演，当时彗星正接近太阳。几年后，观察家们才能从狮子座得到一场盛大的表演。

"The best we can hope for now until the year 2030 is peaks of around 15 shower [meteors] per hour and perhaps an occasional weak outburst when the earth passes near a debris trail. The Leonids are often bright meteors with a high percentage of persistent trains," according to AMS.

根据AMS的数据，“到2030年，我们所能指望的最有可能的结果是每小时大约有15个流星雨峰值，当地球接近残骸轨迹时，这些峰值可能会周期性地爆发。

The Geminid meteor shower in December can produce 130 to 140 meteors per hour on a clear sky, said Cooke. However, on the night of the peak, there will be bad interference from the 72% full moon.

库克说，12月的双子座流星雨在晴朗的天空中每小时可以产生130到140颗流星。然而，在高峰期的晚上，72%的满月会产生严重的干扰。

Year after year, the Geminids are the strongest meteor shower in terms of rates. Cooke previously said that when the shower was observed in the 1830s, rates were about 30 meteors per hour, and now, well over 100 appear per hour.

年复一年，双子座的流星雨是最强的。库克之前说过，在19世纪30年代观测到这场流星雨时，流星的速度约为每小时30颗，而现在，每小时出现的流星远远超过100颗。

Unlike the other showers on this list, the Geminids are the by-product of an asteroid. The debris that falls onto Earth's atmosphere during this meteor shower comes from asteroid Phaethon.

与此列表中的其他阵雨不同，双子座流星雨是小行星的副产品。在这次流星雨中落在地球大气层上的碎片来自小行星法厄顿。

Related: See stunning pictures of the Geminid meteor shower of 2021

相关：看到惊人的图片双子座流星雨2021

The meteor shower's radiant is located in the constellation Gemini, which rises around sunset. The shower is best viewed from the Northern Hemisphere but can be viewed from the Southern Hemisphere, although at a reduced meteor rate.

流星雨的辐射源位于双子座，它在日落前后升起。这场流星雨最好是从北半球观看，但也可以从南半球观看，尽管流星率较低。

Geminid meteors are bright and "intensely colored," according to AMS, although they aren't likely to produce long trails. These meteors are also visible in the southern hemisphere, but at reduced rates.

据AMS称，双子座流星明亮且“色彩强烈”，尽管它们不太可能产生长的轨迹。这些流星在南半球也可见，但速度有所降低。

Explore meteor showers in more detail and discover the difference between sporadic meteors and meteor showers with Geology.com (opens in new tab). Learn more about meteor showers with NASA (opens in new tab). Find out how we predict the intensity of meteor showers with Science Focus (opens in new tab).

更详细地研究流星雨，发现零星流星雨和地质流星雨的区别。COM（在新选项卡中打开）。更多关于流星雨的信息（在新的选项卡中打开）来自美国宇航局。了解如何通过“科学聚焦”预测流星雨强度（在新选项卡中打开）