动物疫病净化要打好四张牌

Four measures need being taken for the purification of animal diseases.

受非洲猪瘟、新冠肺炎疫情以及经济下行影响，当前生猪产业刚刚走出低谷，但长期看依然有很多不确定性，疫病防控与净化面临诸多挑战。如何在新形势下进一步做好技术支持，推动疫病净化工作，促进畜禽种业振兴和畜牧业高质量发展，是行业重点关注的问题。

Affected by the African swine fever, the new coronary pneumonia epidemic and the economic downturn, the current pig industry has just come out of the trough, but in the long run there are still many uncertainties, the epidemic prevention and control and purification face many challenges. Under the new situation, how to further the technical support, purificate epidemic diseases, promote the revitalization of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the high-quality development of animal husbandry, which are the key issues of the industry.

近日，由中国兽医协会主办的“2022年猪病防控与净化技术高峰论坛”在河南郑州成功举行，会议建议，动物疫病净化要打好四张牌。

Recently, the "2022 Pig Disease Prevention and Control and Purification Technology Summit Forum" sponsored by the China Veterinary Association was successfully held in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. The meeting suggested that four measures should be taken for animal disease purification.

政策底牌

Policy Foundation

我国是畜牧业大国，动物疫病病种多、病原复杂、流行范围广、防控难度大，特别是非洲猪瘟传入我国后，传统的防控手段和措施受到了前所未有的挑战。

China is a large animal husbandry country, with many animal diseases, complex pathogens, wide epidemic range, and difficult prevention and control. After the African swine fever spread particularly into my country, traditional methods and measures of the prevention and control have been unprecedentedly challenged.

2012年，《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划（2012-2020）》提出“种畜禽重点疫病净化”目标任务，2013年中国动物疫病预防控制中心启动实施净化示范项目，经过几年的研究、摸索、试点，取得了单场净化的丰硕成果。2016年又启动区域净化试点，实现从点到面的跨越。2017年，国务院办公厅《关于创新体制机制推进农业绿色发展的意见》提出“实施动物疫病净化计划，推动动物疫病防控从有效控制到逐步净化消灭转变”，动物疫病净化策略从前期的试验阶段推向深入。

In 2012, the "National Medium and Long-term Animal Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2012-2020)" was put forward, stating the goal and task of "purifying key diseases of breeding livestock and poultry". In 2013, the China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center launched a project on the demonstration of purification. After several years of research and exploration, pilot projects have achieved fruitful results in a single field of purification. In 2016, a regional purification pilot was launched to leap from point to surface. In 2017, the "Opinions on Innovating Systems and Mechanisms to Promote the Green Development of Agriculture" published by the General Office of the State Council proposed to "implement the purification plan of animal disease and promote the transformation of animal disease prevention and control from effective control to gradual purification and elimination", which made the animal disease purification strategy advanced from the previous experimental stage.

中国兽医协会副会长兼秘书长辛盛鹏介绍，2018年非洲猪瘟疫情发生后，更加确立了净化是动物疫病精准防控的综合技术措施，也是动物疫病防控实现转型升级的必由之路。2021年5月1日新修订施行的《动物防疫法》，明确将“净化消灭”纳入动物防疫的方针和要求，将净化策略上升到了法律层面。

Xin Shengpeng, vice president and secretary-general of the Chinese Veterinary Association, introduced that when the outbreak of African swine fever in 2018, the purification as a comprehensive technical measure for the precise prevention and control of animal diseases had been further established, which was also the only way to achieve transformation and upgrading of animal disease prevention and control. The newly revised "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law" on May 1, 2021 clearly included the"purification and elimination" into the guidelines and requirements of animal epidemic prevention, and raised the purification strategy to the legal level.

去年10月，《农业农村部关于推进动物疫病净化工作的意见》提出，力争通过5年时间，在全国建成一批高水平的动物疫病净化场，80%的国家畜禽核心育种场（站、基地）通过省级或国家级动物疫病净化场评估。今年6月24日，农业农村部还发布了《种用动物健康标准》，对于种用畜禽主要疫病的净化进行了明确。

In October last year, the Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Promoting the Purification of Animal Diseases proposed that, through five years, a number of high-level purification farms for the animal disease should be built across the country, and 80% national livestock and poultry core breeding farms (stations, bases) passed the evaluation of provincial or national purification farm for animal diseases. On June 24 this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs also issued the "Health Standards for Breeding Animals", which clarified the purification of major diseases of breeding livestock and poultry.

“由此可见，动物疫病净化实现了质的飞跃，从项目的研究、探索、集成转向职责任务和工作层面，无论是养殖企业，还是政府主管部门和疫控机构都必须做好此项工作。”辛盛鹏称。

Xin Shengpeng said, it could be seen that the purification of animal diseases had achieved a qualitative leap, from the research, exploration, and integration of the project to the level of responsibilities, tasks and works; and all the breeding enterprises, the government departments and the epidemic control agencies must implement it."

2021年12月24日，农业农村部办公厅公布首批国家级动物疫病净化场，河南谊发牧业有限责任公司一举拿下两个，一个是猪伪狂犬病净化场，一个是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（非免疫）净化场。公司董事长原泉水表示，我国在养猪业上卡脖子问题除了种业短板外，就是动物疫病，而解决我国猪业动物疫病净化的问题，需要从中央到地方的政策支持、制度保障。

On December 24, 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced the first batch of national purification farms for animal diseases. Henan Yifa Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. got two farms at one stroke, one is a purification farm for pig pseudorabies, and the other is a purification farm for pig reproductive and respiratory syndrome (Non-immune) . Yuan Quanshui, chairman of the company, said that in addition to the shortcomings of the seed industry, the neck sticking in the pig industry in our country was animal diseases. To solve the problem of purification of animal diseases in our country's pig industry, policy support and institutional guarantees are required from the central to the local level.

以河南为例，近年来，该省加大动物疫病净化专项资金投入，确保动物疫病净化监测经费和工作经费。河南省动物疫病预防控制中心主任班付国介绍，2019年，河南省、市、县财政就投入1亿多元用于全省兽医实验室改造提升，全省监测经费4185万元。优化、合理运用动物防疫补助资金、病死猪无害处理补助配套资金、扑杀补助资金和生猪、奶牛保险资金等，确保净化监测阳性动物得到规范处置和无害化处理。

Take Henan as an example. In recent years, the province has increased investment in special funds for animal disease purification to ensure the funds of monitoring and work for the animal disease purification. Ban Fuguo, director of the Henan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, introduced that in 2019, Henan invested finances, from province to its cities and counties, of more than 0.1 billion yuan, in the transformation and upgrading of veterinary laboratories, and the province's monitoring funds were 41.85 million yuan. Henan province optimized and rationally used subsidy funds for the animal epidemic prevention, matching funds for harmless treatment of sick and dead pigs, culling subsidy funds and insurance funds for feeding pig and cow, to ensure standardized disposal and harmless treatment of positive animals for purification and monitoring.

政策支持很重要。论坛上，重庆市动物疫病预防控制中心主任曾政在谈及猪伪狂犬病净化探索时称，《重庆市动物防疫条例》就提及动物疫病的防控和净化工作，《重庆市中长期动物疫病防治技术规划》将猪伪狂犬病列为优先防治和重点防范的动物疫病之一。每个申请猪伪狂犬病净化场所在区县给予30万元工作经费，而且还用年度市级资金促进县级疫控机构兽医实验室建设，将猪伪狂犬病纳入年度监测计划工作。

Policy support is important. At the forum, Zeng Zheng, director of the Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, said when it comes to the exploration of the purification of porcine pseudorabies, the "Chongqing Animal Epidemic Prevention Regulations" covered the prevention, control and purification of animal diseases, and the "Chongqing Medium and Long-term Animal Disease Prevention" Technical Plan" listed porcine pseudorabies as one of the priority prevention and control of animal diseases. Each farm for the application of pig pseudorabies purification would be given 300,000 yuan of working funds from districts and counties; annual municipal funds would be used to promote the construction of veterinary laboratories in county-level epidemic control institutions; and pig pseudorabies would be included in the annual monitoring plan.

动物疫病净化政策管理上主要体现为法律、制度、政策、经济、项目几个方面，未来会持续推出，还会有一系列文件发布实施。如果猪场不与时俱进，做好疫病净化，达不到政策要求，比如伪狂犬病未净化，种畜禽生产许可证就可能会被吊销，倒逼企业主动实施疫病净化。

The management of animal disease purification policy was mainly reflected in the aspects of law, system, policy, economy and project. It would continue to be launched in the future, with a series of documents being released and implemented. If the pig farm didn't keep pace with the times and carried out the disease purification, it failed to meet the policy requirements. For example, if pseudorabies was not purified, the production license for breeding livestock and poultry might be revoked, forcing enterprises to take the initiative to implement disease purification.

认知金牌

Gold Medal of Cognition

“疫病净化是养猪企业走向健康和高质量发展的重要标志，是中国养猪和先进国家养猪同台竞争的必备条件。”原泉水称，现阶段，我国对于动物疫病净化的认知还需要提升，疫病净化要在全行业形成共识。

Yuan Quanshui said, the disease purification was an important symbol of the healthy and high-quality development of pig raising enterprises, which was also a necessary condition for China's and advanced countries' pig raising to compete on the same stage. At this stage, China's awareness of animal disease purification still needs to be improved, and disease purification should form a consensus in the whole industry.

改革开放以来，我国畜牧业快速发展，因为管理滞后于发展，以至产业布局、企业布局、猪场布局不尽合理。原泉水称，单就猪场与猪场的空间距离上看就不合理，农牧循环结合得不好，所以管理方面应在现有基础上做好规划，合适的畜禽场进一步发展，不合适的退出。

Since the reform and opening up, the animal husbandry in our country has developed rapidly, because the management lags behind the development, causing an unreasonable layout in the industries, the enterprises and the pig farms. Yuan Quanshui said that the spatial distance between the pig farms was unreasonable, and the cycle of the agriculture and the animal husbandry was not well integrated. Therefore,a good plan on the existing basis should be made in the management, further developing the appropriate livestock and poultry farm, and withdrawning such inappropriate ones.

“这其中，作为疫病净化主体的企业，需要做好动物疫病净化技术的整体构架和路径设计，无论是企业的培训，团队的建设都要跟上。最大的挑战还在于，需要整个行业认知，比如周边畜禽场不能达到一致净化，即使这个猪场净化了，但要维持净化，还会遇到很多风险和挑战。”原泉水认为，这就需要地方协同企业以及行业相关方，共同推进，让大家认识到疫病净化的重要性和紧迫性。

Yuan Quanshui believed that, among them, the enterprises for the disease purification, as a main body, needed to apply the overall structure and path design of purification technology for animal diseases, whether enterprises' training or team building needing to keep up. The biggest challenge laid in the cognition of the entire industry, like the surrounding livestock and poultry farms not being achieved consistent purification, even if this pig farm was purified, but to maintain purification, there would be a lot of risks and challenges. Therefore, it required local cooperation with enterprises and related parties of industries to jointly promote the cognition, so that everyone could realize the importance and urgency of disease purification.

对此，湖南省动物疫病预防控制中心主任刘道新表示，当前，行业上下对疫病净化的认识还要提高，不提高没地位。动物疫病净化不只是行业内的事，还关系到畜产品安全、产业安全、公共卫生安全、食品安全和生态安全。

In this regard, Liu Daoxin, director of the Hunan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, said that at present, the industry's awareness of disease purification needed to be improved, and there was no status if it was not improved. Animal disease purification was not only a matter in the industry, but also related to the safety of animal product, industry, public health, food and ecology.

截至目前，河南省累计有24家种畜禽场被授予“国家级动物疫病净化场”，111家种畜禽场被授予“省级动物疫病净化场”、4个国家无非洲猪瘟小区，18个企业（集团）通过省级评估。

Up to now, a total of 24 breeding livestock and poultry farms in Henan Province have been awarded "National Animal Disease Purification Farms", 111 breeding livestock and poultry farms have been awarded "Provincial Animal Disease Purification Farms"; 4 communities with no African swine fever at a country level and 18 enterprises (groups) have passed the provincial evaluation.

“近年来，从业者从‘不懂净化’‘不愿净化’向‘学习净化’‘主动净化’转变，生物安全意识显著提升。”在谈及动物疫病净化认识转变时，班付国有感而发。目前，从建设选址——猪场设计——现场管理来全面系统构建猪场生物安全体系，生物安全从“流于形式”向“主动实践”转变；疫病防控观念逐渐转变：从过度依赖疫苗、兽药转向综合生物安全防控，有效防控了非洲猪瘟及其他动物疫病的发生和流行；从立足单场防控向着眼区域防控转变，有效提升动物疫病了区域防控能力，净化“点—线—面”模式初步形成，河南省动物疫病净化进入了新阶段。

For the change in understanding of animal disease purification, Ban Fuguo felt that practitioners have changed from "not understanding purification" and "unwilling to purify" to "to learn the purification" and "active purification", showing an increasing significantly of their awareness of biosafety in recent years. At present, we has comprehensively and systematically built a pig farm biosafety system from construction site selection to pig farm design-on-site management, indicating that the biosafety has changed from "mere formality" to "active practice"; the concept of disease prevention and control has gradually changed: from over-reliance on vaccines and veterinary drugs to comprehensive biosafety prevention and control, effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence and prevalence of African swine fever and other animal diseases.The purification of animal diseases in Henan Province has entered a new stage through shifting from a single-field prevention and control to a regional prevention and control, effectively improving the regional prevention and control capabilities of animal diseases, and initially shaping the purification "point-line-surface" model.

“对于疫病净化的认知没有止境，实践与认识是双螺旋上升结构。”辛盛鹏认为，如今，我国对于动物疫病净化的认识水平逐渐提高，但提升的空间还很大，需要不断研究，不断实践才行。

Xin Shengpeng believed that there is no end to the cognition of epidemic disease purification; the practice and the cognition are double helix ascending structure. Nowadays, the understanding of animal disease purification is gradually improving in our country, but there is still a lot of room for improvement, which requires continuous research and practice.

他表示，目前国家政策法律不断出台，行业认识逐渐提高。作为企业，对于猪病净化的认识不能止于老板、技术人员，还要其他相关部门，形成总体认识，不然会出现木桶效应，被短板掣肘。同时，各级地方政府也应对此有所认识，须知达不到疫病净化要求，调猪调肉将会受到一定影响。

He said that at present, national policies and laws have been continuously promulgated, and the awareness of the industry has gradually improved. As an enterprise, its staff, like the boss and the technical personnel, should not stop understanding the pig disease purification, and other relevant departments also need to form an overall understanding, otherwise a barrel effect will be produced, making the understanding constrained by shortcomings. At the same time, local governments at all levels should also be aware of this fact that if the requirements of the disease purification are not met, the adjustment of pork and meat will be affected to a certain extent.

经济头牌

The Top Economic Card

清除与净化猪病是企业重要的资本性投资，审慎决策是必须的。近年来，我国防控非洲猪瘟疫情的成功，为清除重要猪病病原提供了新机遇。

It is an important capital investment for enterprises to clear and purify pig disease, so prudent decision-making is necessary. In recent years, the success of the prevention and control of African swine fever in our country has provided new opportunities to eliminate key swine disease pathogens.

新希望六和股份有限公司首席科学家闫之春博士称，近年来，非洲猪瘟疫情防控的不断进步，大大促进了我国养猪业现代化进程。但非洲猪瘟疫情有效控制，并不代表能够最经济的进行养猪生产。即使在非洲猪瘟阴性生产的群体，仍可能存在严重影响生产成本的疾病。如果不予重视，养猪将失去经济意义。

Dr. Yan Zhichun, chief scientist of New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., said that in recent years, the continuous progress in the prevention and control of the African swine fever epidemic has greatly promoted the modernization of pig industry in our country. However, the effective control of the African swine fever epidemic does not mean that pig production can be carried out most economically. There may still be diseases that seriously affect production costs even in groups of African swine fever negative production. If it is not taken seriously, the economic significance of raising pigs will be lost.

按照繁殖群、生长育肥群的经济影响来看，有些群体性猪病仍时有发生，比如：病毒性腹泻、伪狂犬病、肺炎支原体、蓝耳病等。那么，对于猪场而言，可以净化并维持VS长期免疫VS维持现状，哪一种方案更加经济？

According to the economic impact of breeding groups and growth and fattening groups, some grouping swine diseases still occur from time to time, such as viral diarrhea, pseudorabies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, blue ear disease, etc. So, pig farms faces the three option , i.e. purifying and maintaining VS long-term immunity VS maintain the status quo, and which one is more economical?

对此，闫之春论及三种猪病净化决策工具：其一，部分预算法。即：将不同猪病净化的决策影响的经济指标，分别计算财务的收（贷）、支（借）。特别区分收入与成本，计算年度的影响。当然，部分预算法也有局限性，主要集中在：仅仅分析指标的影响，没从企业整体影响来分析。仅考虑1年的影响，长期的影响估计不足。该方法更强调可变成本的估算，对增加产出→摊销更多固定资产投资额估计不足。

In this regard, Yan Zhichun discussed threedecision-making tools for the pig disease purification. Firstly, the part of the budget law, that is, the economic indicators affected by the decision to purify different pig diseases are calculated for financial receipts (credit) and expenditures (debit), respectively. In particular, the revenue and the cost are distinguished and the annual impact is calculated. Of course, some budget methods also have their limitations, mainly focusing on only analyzing the impact of indicators, not analysing from the overall impact of the enterprise, and on considering the impact of only 1 year, instead underestimating the long-term impact. Moreover, the method puts more emphasis on the estimation of variable costs and underestimates the amount of investment from the amortization of more fixed assets which can increase output.

其二，基于管理会计分析方法的企业整体预算法。意在把猪病净化视作一次长期的资本性投资，来分析长期的回报。管理会计的核算把主营收入、主营成本，分解成可管理的项目，而不仅仅是用于收入成本利润的核算。

Second, it is the overall enterprise budget method based on management accounting analysis method. It is intended to analyze long-term returns by treating pig disease purification as a long-term capital investment. The accounting of management accounting can divide the main income and main cost into manageable items, not just for the accounting of the income and the cost and the profit.

其三，净现值法决策。闫之春介绍了20世纪90年代西班牙在净化非瘟上决策的案例——考虑净化非瘟是否应采用加倍增加检测次数的办法进行。1991年，西班牙试图控制和净化非瘟的主要方法是采样检测抗体并扑杀阳性猪，强化洗消和卫生，控制猪流通，发健康证，专职的现场兽医队伍支持；扑杀有补偿，但有可能减少经费。是沿用现有方法，还是从对猪群进行1年1次的血清检测增加到3~4次，并强化扑杀？

Third, it is the NPV method of decision-making. Yan Zhichun introduced the case of Spain's decision-making on the purification of non-plague in the 1990s, i.e. considering the purification of non-plague should be carried out by doubling the number of tests whether or not. In 1991, the main method of Spain's attempt to control and purify non-plague was to sample and detect antibodies, cull positive pigs, strengthen decontamination and hygiene, control pig circulation, issue health certificates, and support from a full-time on-site veterinary team; culling has compensation, but It is possible to reduce funds. Do you want to follow the existing method, or do you want to increase the number of serum tests from once a year to 3 to 4 times and intensify culling?

为此，西班牙利用多年的历史数据建立2种方法下的非瘟流行病学模式，估计出全国的经济影响：设定1992年开始投资，采取2种净化方案，次年仍有疫情损失，直至投资到没有疫情为止，将未来的收益用资金成本折算成现在的价值。通过对比发现：如果采用现行方法，西班牙净化非瘟20年的投资收益率1.23；用增加检测次数法，投资收益率1.47，如果现行方法经费降低，投资收益率将是0.97，不合算。最终确定用增加检测次数法来净化非瘟。

For those, Spain establised a non-plague epidemiological model by using two methods from years of historical data, estimating the economic impact of the country. It has set to start investment in 1992 by adopting two purification programs, and then it continues to invest though there are epidemic losses in the following year until there is no epidemic, while the future income is converted into the current value with the cost of capital. By comparison, it is found that if the current method is adopted, the return on investment for 20 years in Spain will be 1.23, and the return on investment will be 1.47 by increasing the number of tests, and if the current method is reduced, the return on investment will be 0.97, which is uneconomical. Finally, it is determined that the method of increasing the number of tests is used to purify non-plague.

“可见，任何猪病净化措施的投资，都需做风险分析，这种猪病净化措施，对生产指标的改善，可能不会是一个绝对值，而可能是一个范围或一种概率，需要根据不同情况改变幅度，评估这种措施对企业经营效果的影响，即做资本性投资预算的风险分析。”闫之春补充，将决策后养猪公司的未来收益，折算为净现值，与猪病净化的当前投资进行对比，并作风险分析，是最为科学和严谨的评估工具。

"It can be seen that any investment in pig disease purification measures requires risk analysis. This analysis for pig disease purification measures may not produced an absolute value for the improvement of production indicators, but a range or a probability. So, it is necessary to change the range according to different situations to evaluate the impact of such measures on the business effect of the company, that is, to make a risk analysis of the capital investment budget." Yan Zhichun added that, it is the most scientific and rigorous evaluation tool to convert the future income of the pig company into net present value after the decision, comparing it with the current investment in pig disease purification, and then making the risk analysis.

净化的效益何在？河南省通过对部分净化示范种猪场跟踪监测结果显示，料肉比由3.5∶1降低到3.0∶1，杜洛克猪、长白猪和大约克猪100千克体重日龄分别减少8.1天、3.8天和2.6天，总产仔数分别提高0.37头、2.65头和1.33头。

What are the benefits of purification? Through the follow-up and monitoring of some of the purification demonstration pig farms, Henan province demonstrated that the feed-to-meat ratio was reduced from 3.5: 1 to 3.0: 1, and the 100kg body weight days of Duroc, Landrace and Grand York pigs were reduced by 8.1 days, 3.8 days and 2.6 days, respectively, and the total litter size was increased by 0.37, 2.65 and 1.33, respectively.

在重庆，实施伪狂犬病净化场点的生产性能和生物安全水平得到提高。曾政介绍，从业人员的生物安全意识得到提高，发生高风险的场点比例由25%下降到10%。按应用能繁母猪3万头实施5年净化工作计算，创造直接经济效益17650.437万元，年平均新增效益3530.08万元，具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。

Chongqing has improved the production performance and biosafety level of pseudorabies purification sites. Zeng Zheng introduced that the biosafety awareness of practitioners has been improved, and the proportion of high-risk sites has dropped from 25% to 10%. According to the application of five-year purification of 30,000 sows, the direct economic benefit is 176.50437 million yuan, and the annual average new benefit is 35.3008 million yuan, which has significant social and economic benefits.

原泉水结合公司净化伪狂犬病实践给出了一张成绩单：母猪存栏847头，“一条龙”自然批次生产模式，每月对育肥群体的gE抗体抽样检测。结果显示：

Yuan Quanshui gave a report in combination with the company's practice of purifying pseudorabies: 847 sows in stock; "one-stop" mode of natural batch production ; and monthly sampling and testing of gE antibodies in fattening groups. The results show:

净化前，全年一共48个从30公斤到出栏育成猪批次的成活率，其中有15个批次落到12月～次年3月（伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性），全年平均成活率94.95%；净化后，全年一共70个从30公斤到出栏育成批次的成活率，其中有25个批次是12月～次年3月份，全年平均成活率95.56%。

Before the purification, the survival rate of a total of 48 pig batches from 30kg to slaughter throughout the year, of which 15 batches fell to 12 months to 3 months of the following year (pseudorabies gE antibody positive), with an average annual survival rate of 94.95%. After the purification, the survival rate of 70 batches from 30kg to slaughter throughout the year, of which 25 batches were from December to March of the following year, with an average survival rate of 95.56% throughout the year.

净化前，全年一共48个从30公斤到出栏育成批次的日增重，其中有15个批次落到12月～次年3月（伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性），全年平均日增重702.5g；净化后，全年一共70个从30公斤到出栏育成批次的日增重，其中有25个批次落到12月～次年3月份，全年平均日增重803.92g。

Before the purification, a total of 48 batches gained daily weight from 30kg to slaughter throughout the year, of which 15 batches fell into December to March of the following year (pseudorabies gE antibody positive), with an average daily weight gain of 702.5g throughout the year. After the purification, a total of 70 batches gained daily weight from 30kg to slaughter, of which 25 batches fell into December to March of the following year, with an average daily weight gain of 803.92g throughout the year.

净化前，全年一共48个从30公斤到出栏育成批次的单头药费，其中有15个批次落到12月～3月（伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性），全年平均单头药费56.3元；净化后，全年一共70个从30公斤到出栏育成批次的单头药费，其中有25个批次落到12月～次年3月，全年平均单头药费44.84元。

Before the purification, there were a total of 48 single-head drug fees from 30kg to the batch of slaughter, of which 15 batches fell into December to March of the following year (pseudorabies gE antibody positive), and the average single-head drug fee for the whole year was 56.3 yuan. After the purification, there were a total of 70 single-head drug fees from 30kg to the batch of slaughter, of which 25 batches fell into December to March of the following year, and the average single-head drug fee for the whole year was 44.84 yuan.

技术连牌

Technical license

一名行业人士曾告诉记者，如果业内能把既有的资源：疫苗、诊断，加上疫苗的认识和使用方法，再加上防控体系、应急体系用到极致，成功的净化目标就不会远。那么，成功净化的套路是什么？

An industry person once told reporters that if the industry can use the existing resources to the extreme, that is the vaccines, the diagnosis, plus the understanding and use of vaccines, plus the prevention and control system, and the emergency system, the goal of successful purification will not be far. So, what is the routine of successful purification?

“实践认识，再实践再认识，不断深化不断完善，各美其美，美美与共。”辛盛鹏告诉记者，动物疫病净化没有绝对的方案，只有相对的方案，没有绝对的成功，只有相对的成功，一场一策，各取所长，技术集成与创新并行。这也意味着，我国养猪面临老病多变、新病频发、未病不能先知的复杂局面，仅靠一场净化经验、一种疫苗产品或一套固定的方案，恐不能实现普遍净化的目标。

Xin Shengpeng told reporters that, practice and understand, and then practice and understand again, continuous deepening and continuous improvement; each has its own beauty, and the beauty be shared. And he added that, there is no absolute plan for animal disease purification, only relative plan, and no absolute success, only relative success; and each policy at a time take advantage of its own strengths; and technology integration and innovation go hand in hand. This also means that the pig raising in our country is facing a complex situation where old diseases variate, new diseases happen frequently, and no disease can be predicted. Only relying on a purification experience, a vaccine product or a set of fixed programs may the goal of universal purification. not be achieved.

据了解，2011年以来，国内科研单位相继从我国暴发猪伪狂犬病的猪场中分离到多株伪狂犬病毒。与其他国家不同，当接种Bartha-K61株疫苗后，我国的猪在感染变异毒株后产生了不同反应。谊发牧业便是其中之一，净化的路途并不平坦。

It is understood that since 2011, domestic scientific research institutions have successively isolated multiple strains of pseudorabies from pig farms in our country where swine pseudorabies broke out. Different from other countries, when vaccinated with Bartha-K61 strains of vaccine, pigs in our country have different reactions after being infected with mutant strains. Yifa Animal Husbandry is one of them, so the road to purification is not smooth.

1998～2003年，谊发牧业猪场出现伪狂犬经典猪野毒感染，用3年时间使用进口疫苗完成伪狂犬病净化，之后2004～2010年，伪狂犬病保持阴性。自2011年开始，谊发牧业猪场感染伪狂犬病变异株。2013～2018年，尝试弱毒苗+灭活苗，探索出免疫、检测、清群的净化方法，用时5年完成伪狂犬病净化。2019～2022年，按方案坚持群体检测，目前维持净化状态，其他各场相继完成净化，全公司猪场实现伪狂犬病净化。2016年，谊发牧业申报疫病净化创建场，2021年获得国家级伪狂犬病净化场认定。

From 1998 to 2003, pseudorabies classic pig wild virus infection occurred in Yifa animal husbandry pig farm. It took 3 years to complete the purification of pseudorabies by using imported vaccines. After 2004 to 2010, pseudorabies remained negative. Since 2011, Yifa Animal Husbandry Pig Farm has been infected with pseudorabies. From 2013 to 2018, we tried to inactivate the weak vaccine, and explored the purification methods of immunization, detection and group cleaning. It took 5 years to complete the purification of pseudorabies. From 2019 to 2022, group testing was adhered to according to the plan, with the purification state being currently maintained. Other farms completed purification one after another, and the whole company's pig farms realized pseudorabies purification. In 2016, Yifa Animal Husbandry declared a disease purification site, and in 2021 it was recognized as a national pseudorabies purification site.

原泉水认为，伪狂犬病净化主要做法有四方面：一是做好免疫，包括减少母猪群体排毒，母猪群和公猪群体使用弱毒苗+灭活苗强化免疫，让其处于较高抗体水平。避免后代转阳，阳性期间：在gE抗体转阳前至少2周保证有一次疫苗接种；阴性期间：根据gB抗体的消长规律制定免疫程序。二是及时监测。三是隔离与清群，第一时间清除掉伪狂犬病阳性公猪，使用gE阴性公猪精液。要抓住净化的窗口期，对种群实施群体阳性清除。四是实施完全的生物安全措施。

Yuan Quanshui believed that there are four main methods for the purification of pseudorabies. The first one is to well implement the immunization, including reducing the detoxification of sow groups, sow groups and boar groups through using attenuated vaccine inactivated vaccine to strengthen immunization, enabling it to be at a higher antibody level. Avoid offspring turning positive, during the positive period: ensure a vaccination at least 2 weeks before gE antibody turning positive; during the negative period: making a antibody immunization program according to the law of the growth and decline of gB. The second is timely monitoring. The third is to isolate and clear the group, removing pseudorabies-positive boars in the first place, and using gE-negative boar semen. The period of the purification should be grasped and the population should be positively removed. The fourth is to implement complete biosafety measures.

作为同样拥有国家级猪伪狂犬病净化场的牧原公司，截至今年第一季度，母猪群伪狂犬病净化单元比例达到99.8%，覆盖275万头；生长群伪狂犬病净化单元比例99.1%，覆盖3267万头。谈及经验，牧原食品有限公司兽医总监牛旻称，牧原在伪狂犬病净化中充分利用了非瘟发生期的生物安全系统升级条件，抓住规模扩张时期的新猪舍投产机遇，采取了阴阳猪流分流管理，在用好检测剔除手段的同时，落实最小单元格管理。

In Muyuan Company, which also has a national pseudorabies purification farm for pigs, as of the first quarter of this year, the proportion of pseudorabies purification units in sows reached 99.8%, covering 2.75 million heads. The proportion of pseudorabies purification units in growth groups is 99.1%, covering 32.67 million heads. When it comes to the experience, Niu Min, veterinary director of Muyuan Food Co., Ltd., said that Muyuan made full use of the biosafety and upgrading system during the non-plague occurrence period in the purification of pseudorabies; and it seized the opportunity of new pig houses to be put into production during the period of scale expansion, adopting yin and yang pig flow diversion management; and it implemented minimum cell management while making good use of detection and rejection methods.

目前，我国开展的4种主要猪病净化有猪瘟（免疫无疫）、口蹄疫（免疫无疫）、猪伪狂犬病（免疫无疫、非免疫无疫）、猪呼吸与繁殖综合征（免疫无疫、非免疫无疫），坚持企业主体，政府支持、坚持因地制宜，分类施策、坚持点面结合，整体推进。

At present, the four main swine disease purifications carried out in our country include swine fever (immune without epidemic), foot-and-mouth disease (immune without epidemic), porcine pseudorabies (immune without epidemic, non-immune without epidemic), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (immune without epidemic, Non-immune without epidemic). Our country adheres to the government support, with taking the enterprises as main body, implement classified policies according to local conditions, and promote as a whole with the combination of point and area.

对此，勃林格殷格翰公司猪业务市场部总监黄念认为，猪伪狂犬病、经典猪瘟已有可用的疫苗，已具备控制和净化的条件，由于缺乏专业指导，疫苗覆盖面有限，政府制定指导意见并将其扩展到国家层面；猪繁殖与呼吸综合征，病毒快速变异造成巨大经济负担，大多数地区都有疫苗，但业界缺乏处理复杂问题的专业知识，除了增加疫苗覆盖率外，行业还可以提供整体解决方案，以更好地控制疾病。

In this regard, Huang Nian, director of the pig business marketing department of Boehringer Ingelheim, believed that there are already available vaccines for swine pseudorabies and classic swine fever, and the conditions for control and purification are available. Due to the lack of professional guidance, the coverage of vaccines is limited. The government formulates guidance and extends it to the national level; the reproductive porcine and the respiratory syndrome make the rapid mutation of the virus, causing a huge economic burden; though most areas have vaccines, the industry lacks the expertise to deal with complex issues. In addition to increasing vaccine coverage, the industry can also provide overall solutions to better control diseases.

无论如何，当前，高度工业化养猪模式下的疫病防控正在考量我们现有的防控技术与手段。仅从监测与诊断方面而言，病原检测就需要快速、高通量、精准、实时。

In any case, at present, the epidemic prevention and control work under the highly industrialized pig raising mode is considering our existing prevention and control technologies and means. In terms of monitoring and diagnosis alone, pathogen detection needs to be fast, high-throughput, accurate and real-time.

中国人民解放军军事医学科学院军事兽医研究所研究员涂长春介绍，在这方面，高通量测序与病毒宏基因组技术（病毒组）的优势明显，大规模、全病原谱，一次检测查清所有病毒，克服常规监测的盲目性，从而做到“精准监测”，实现猪场“健康体检”与病原的“精准排查”。在可预见的未来，病毒宏基因组测序将会为了解已知病毒，预测未知病毒提供新的技术手段和思路，成为我国猪病净化的新武器。

Tu Changchun, a researcher at the Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Medical Sciences, introduced that in this regard, high-throughput sequencing and viral metagenomics technology (virus group) have obvious advantages where all viruses can be found out in a large-scale and complete pathogen spectrum through one test, which enables us to overcome the blindness of routine monitoring, so as to achieve "precise monitoring" and realize the "physical examination" of pig farms and the "precise investigation" of pathogens". In the foreseeable future, virus metagenomic sequencing will provide new technical means and ideas for understanding known viruses and predicting unknown viruses, becoming a new weapon for pig disease purification in our country.

作者：中国畜牧兽医报记者 章勇

Author: China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary News reporter Zhang Yong