浙江衢州：农业“微笑曲线”正上扬
Quzhou, Zhejiang: agricultural "smile curve" is rising
产业经济学中，有个著名理论叫“微笑曲线”。大意是：产业链中，价值最丰厚的集中在两端，即研发和市场。因为两头高、中间低，呈现“V”形，如同微笑时的嘴唇，由此而得名。放至现代农业领域，其同样受用，一头抓科研，一头抓市场，代表着高质量发展方向。
In industrial economics, there is a famous theory called "smile curve", which refers to the most profitable part of the industrial chain is in the two ends:research and development and market. because of this feature which is preety much like a smile, so the name was designed. When it is put into the field of modern agriculture, it is also useful, focusing on scientific research and market at the same time, which represents the high-quality development direction.
去年8月，浙江启动了以机械强农、科技强农为内涵的“双强”行动。记者发现，在这一行动的浇灌下，地处浙西山区的衢州正发生着可喜变化。通过农业科技提升产品品质，通过农业机械提升生产效率，去年，该市农林牧渔业增加值与农民收入的两项增速双双跻身全省前三甲。
In August last year, zhejing isued a new motivation to increase the action that can enhance the goal that developing the agriculture by technology and improving th etechnology by advancing the agriculture. The reporter found that under the watering of this action, Quzhou, located in the mountainous area of western Zhejiang, is undergoing gratifying changes. Improve product quality through agricultural science and technology, and improve production efficiency through agricultural machinery. last year, the growth rate of agricultural and farmers' income reach to the top three of the zhejiang province.
那么，在衢州这片土地上，到底有什么新景象？盛夏时节，记者走基地、访农企，一睹正在上扬的“微笑曲线”。
So, what is happening in this land recently?
新科技成就新优势
New scientific and technological achievements and new advantages
步入盛夏，按照往常，生产节奏会相对放缓，但这两年，在“上洋机械”的厂房里，炎炎夏日仍是机声隆隆。衢州茶机在国内久负盛名，这是一家有着34年历史的企业，一直聚焦茶装备、服务茶产业，年产值超亿元，属于业内名副其实的“隐形冠军”。
with the hot days coming, the efficiency of production will reduce according to the experience from the past.but recently, the machines still work in the factory. Quzhou Tea Machine has a long-standing reputation in China. It is an enterprise with a history of 34 years. It has been focusing on tea equipment and serving the tea industry, with an annual output value exceeding 100 million yuan, which no doubt is the champion of this industry.
“看这些模块，组装起来便是一条数字化生产线，这几年推广速度很快。”总经理黄剑虹科班出身，介绍起来如数家珍，这是摊青模块，那是杀青模块，还有冷却风选、回潮、干燥成型等模块，“特点很显著，性能更稳，效率更快，标准化程度也更高。”
"Looking at these modules, assembling them is a digital production line, and the promotion speed has been very fast in recent years." Huang Jianhong, the general manager, was born in a class and introduced like a few treasures. This is a green spreading module, which is a deactivation module, as well as modules such as cooling air selection, moisture regain, drying and molding. "The characteristics are remarkable, with more stable effency and effective, and a higher standard.
过去，“上洋机械”主营杀青机、理条机、烘干机等单机。这些年，市场竞争很激烈，尽管产值并未有所突破，但由于调整经营方向，结构变化却是天翻地覆，原先“七分天下”的单机如今被数字化生产线取而代之，往往一条线售价就是百万级。
In the past, "Shangyang Machinery" was mainly engaged in single machines such as deactivating enzymes, sorting machines and dryers. In recent years, the market competition is fierce. Although the output value has not made a breakthrough, due to the adjustment of business direction, the structural changes have been turned upside down. The original "seven-point world" single machine has been replaced by digital production lines,of which one line can produce millions yuan of value.
转型并非一蹴而就。事实上，近十年来，“上洋机械”一直潜心科研，招聘科研人员，引入外脑智囊，研制不同产能、不同能源方式，以及不同工艺流程的生产线。截至目前，其投入市场的各类茶初、精制生产线已达到1200多条。
while the develoment cannot be achieved within a few days. in fact this company has always been dedicated to the improvement of the technologies and the developers, recruting more and more technical workers and brains to imoreve the efficiency of the production. Uuntil now, the number of the production lines that hve been put into use have exceed more than 1200, which have been put into the primary and delicate producing.
生产线领域，“上洋机械”已站稳脚跟，接下来，其关注的新蓝海则是——机采夏秋茶深加工高值化食品级原料茶生产线。去年，该生产线被纳入浙江省首台（套）产品工程化攻关项目，由此加速了科研成果熟化与产业化进程。一旦大面积推广，对于提升茶叶综合效益，绝对大有裨益。
In the field of production lines, "Shangyang Machinery" has gained a firm foothold. Next, the new blue ocean it pays attention to is the production line of high-value food-grade raw tea for deep processing of machine-picked summer and autumn tea. Last year, the production line was included in the first (set) product engineering research project in Zhejiang Province, accelacting the processs of research and development and the advancement of the industralization, Once popularized in a large area, it will definitely benefit to improve the comprehensive benefits of tea.
衢州素有“中国茶机之都”的美誉，经历了茶叶加工单机研发、成套加工装备提升和清洁化流水线创新的三次飞跃，是全国茶机业最大的研发和制造企业集散地，其中名优茶加工清洁化流水线占了全国高端市场八成以上，实现茶机、茶叶、茶油、茶具“四茶”联动。
Quzhou is known as the "tea machine capital of China", It has experienced three leaps in the research and development of single tea processing machine, the upgrading of complete sets of processing equipment and the innovation of clean assembly line. this place is the largest and land for the research and development fo the tea, in which the clean assembly line of famous tea processing accounts for more than 80% of the national high-end market, realizing the linkage of tea machine, tea, tea oil and tea set.
“随着客户群体的变化，对自动化、精细化、智能化等要求更高，也倒逼着我们跟更多科研院校合作。此时，‘双强行动’所构建的平台至关重要。”黄剑虹深感，科研就像一个发动机，只有站在产业最前沿，才能抢得先机，树立竞争优势，获得可持续发展的动力。
"With the change of customer groups, the requirements for automation, refinement and intelligence are higher, which forces us to cooperate with more scientific research institutions. At this time, the platform built by 'Double Strong Action' is crucial." Huang Jianhong deeply feels that scientific research is like an engine. only when we get teh first chance in the industry, can we really gain the advantange in the development and get the motivation for the long-time development.
截至目前，衢州共有6个项目入选浙江省科技厅的“尖兵”“领雁”科技攻关计划。针对当地特色产业高质量发展存在的技术瓶颈，该市省级以上科研项目也有30个。为此，衢州还在不断健全“政府部门+科研机构+农业主体”产学研一体化农业科技攻关体系，并将建设一批连片农机研发实验基地和创新试验基地。
Up to now, a total of 6 projects in Quzhou have been selected into the "Top Soldier" and "Leading Wild Goose" scientific and technological research plan of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department. In view of the technical bottleneck in the high-quality development of local characteristic industries, there are also 30 scientific research projects at or above the provincial level in the city. for this goal, Quzhou is constantly improving the agricultural science and technology research system of "government departments + scientific research institutions + agricultural subjects", and will build a number of contiguous agricultural machinery research and development experimental bases and innovation experimental bases.
精深加工有“钱途”
Deep processing ia profitable
与“上洋机械”三十余载扎根老本行不同，地处江山市的“星菜科技”公司6年前才成立，其母公司是同景新能源集团，因为从事光伏行业，后来创设植物工厂，为解决农产品销路便成立了这家新公司，一脚跨入食品圈。
Different from Shangyang Machinery, which has been rooted in its old business for more than 30 years, Xingcai Technology Company, located in Jiangshan City, was established six years ago, and its parent company is Tongjing New Energy Group. Because it is engaged in photovoltaic industry, it later created a plant factory, and set up this new company to solve the problem of agricultural products sales, thus, enteing into the food chian circle for the first step.
在江山市凤林镇株树村，太阳能光伏面板下种蔬菜，所种的羽衣甘蓝、紫萝莎等蔬菜收获后，再转运至加工车间，摇身一变成了冻干食品中的配料。论身价，得翻好几倍。目前，厂区内共有6条冻干生产线，所涉产品10大类、200多种，琳琅满目，令人大开眼界。
In Zhushu Village, Fenglin Town, Jiangshan City, vegetables are planted under solar photovoltaic panels. After harvesting, the vegetables such as kale and purple rosa are transferred to the processing workshop and turned into ingredients in freeze-dried food. On social status, it has to be doubled several times. At present, there are 6 freeze-drying production lines in the factory area, which involves more than 200 types of the productions which is basically divided into 10 culumes.
冻干技术是未来食品新趋势。简单说，即在零下40℃速冻约6小时，水分通过低温真空脱水技术升华成气态，在不破坏原有组织结构的基础上，可保留食材的色、香、味、形，以及96%以上营养成分，无需任何防腐剂，常温状态下可长期保存。
Freeze-drying technology is a new trend of food in the future. To put it simply, it is frozen at MINUS 40 ℃ for about 6 hours, and the water is sublimated into gaseous state by low-temperature vacuum dehydration technology. On the basis of not destroying the original tissue structure, it can retain the color, aroma, taste and shape of food materials, as well as more than 96% of nutrients, without any preservatives, which can keep fresh for the 10 days in the normal circumstances.
“星菜科技”相关负责人姜亨鲁告诉记者，公司有两大主营业务，一是卖设备、卖技术，二是卖加工后产品，去年两项产值近6000万元。目前，公司正谋划建设二期全自动化冻干智能无人工厂，建成后预计年产量约1.5万吨，届时产值最高可达6亿元。
Jiang Henglu, the relevant person in charge of "Xingcai Technology", told the reporter that the company has two main businesses, one is selling equipment and technology, and the other is selling processed products. Last year, the output value of the two items was nearly 60 million yuan. At present, the company is planning to build the second phase of automatic freeze-drying intelligent unmanned factory, with an estimated annual output of about 15,000 tons after completion, with the value of the output reaching 15,000 tons and valued more than 0.6 billion yuan.
在衢州市农业农村局副局长张金华看来，今后，“星菜科技”所研发的连续式冻干设备将大有可为，脱一吨水只需900度电，且产能是之前间歇式设备的5倍，关键解决了农产品加工中“卡脖子”的保鲜问题，十分有利于优质优价和提质增效。
According to Zhang Jinhua, deputy director of Quzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau, in recent future, the continuous freeze-drying equipment developed by "Xingcai Technology" will have great potential. It only needs 900 kWh of electricity to remove one ton of water, and its production capacity is five times that of the previous intermittent equipment. The most important issue is to solve the preservation problem of "neck sticking" in the processing of agricultural products, which is very conducive to high quality and good price, as a result, a better quality and easy-connect price is gained.
常山县“柚香谷”的生产区内，最近同样到处是繁忙景象。这边经销商排队取货，产品刚下线，还未及进仓库，就直接上了卡车，产能完全跟不上订单；那厢的车间加速改造，根据计划，今年将新增3条生产线，七月份就得上马一条。
The production area of "Pomelo Valley" in Changshan County is also full of busy scenes recently. The dealers here lined up to pick up the goods, and the products just went offline. Before they entered the warehouse, and next, the trunk, and then the production capacity could not keep up with the order at all; The renovation of the workshop in Naxiang is accelerated. According to the plan, three new production lines will be added this year, and one will be launched in July.
“双柚汁”如此火爆，老板宋伟虽有所预判，但远超其想象。15年前，他就到常山收胡柚，后来偶然间发现了香柚的奇妙之处，孤注一掷，卖掉上海别墅，开始大面积种香柚，接着又盖起工厂，与胡柚混合加工成“双柚汁”。
"Double pomelo juice" is so popular that although the boss Song Wei predicted it, it far exceeded his imagination. Fifteen years ago, he went to Changshan to collect Huyou. Later, he accidentally discovered the wonders of Xiangyou. He put all his eggs in one basket, sold his villa in Shanghai, and began to plant Xiangyou in a large area. Then he built a factory and mixed it with Huyou to make "mixed pomelo juice".
“三条线全上马后，年产值就能超过15亿元，预计可消化1800吨胡柚。”宋伟满怀信心，三年内，他的目标是销售额超过50亿元。在常山，通过这一批生产加工型龙头企业的带动，全县胡柚产业总产值20亿元，尤其今年第一季度，深加工产值达4.25亿，比去年同期增长了10%。
"After all three lines are launched, the annual output value will exceed 1.5 billion yuan, and it is estimated that 1,800 tons of Huyou can be digested." Song Wei is full of confidence. Within three years, his goal is to sell more than 5 billion yuan. In Changshan, driven by this batch of leading production and processing enterprises, the total output value of Huyou industry in the county is 2 billion yuan, especially in the first quarter of this year, the output value of deep processing reached 425 million, aincreased by 10% compared with last year.
全产业链渐成骨骼
The whole industry chain has gradually have it core structure.
衢州市农业农村局局长郑明福认为，乡村振兴、共同富裕，产业兴旺是基础、是关键，作为传统农业大市，衢州的一产空间很有限，小农生产的分散经营现状一下也难以改变，因此必须在产业基础再造和产业链提升上下功夫，通过生产关系的调整来释放新动能，全产业链经营便是其中重要一法。
Zheng Mingfu, director of Quzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Rural revitalization and common prosperity, Industrial prosperity is the foundation and the key. As a traditional agricultural city, Quzhou has limited space for primary production, and it is difficult to change the current situation of decentralized management of small-scale farmers' production. Therefore, efforts must be made to rebuild the industrial base and upgrade the industrial chain, and release new kinetic energy through the adjustment of production relations, which is the most significant part of the whole line.
眼下，早已过了沃柑的生产季，但在柯城区的佳农果蔬智慧农业示范园内，工人们正加紧分选和包装。因为打了时差，产品附加值得以有效提升。据了解，这个8000平方的柑橘采后数字化处理中心去年落成，有数字化的气调冷库，还有数字化的分选生产线、包装生产线，可将水果保鲜期延长约半年，不仅企业自用，也面向全区提供社会化服务。
At present, the production season of Wogan has already passed, but in Jianong Fruit and Vegetable Smart Agriculture Demonstration Park in Kecheng District, workers are stepping up sorting and packaging. Because of the time difference, the added value of products can be effectively improved. It is understood that this 8,000-square-meter citrus postharvest digital processing center was completed last year. It has a digital modified atmosphere cold storage, a digital sorting production line and a packaging production line, which can extend the fresh-keeping period of fruits by about half a year. it offers the services for the public.
“佳农果蔬”的老板叶先明，是衢州市柑橘产业协会会长。从种橘、贩橘，再到创办企业。如今，“佳农果蔬”已是家集研发、育苗、种植、加工、贸易全产业链于一体的国家高新技术企业。叶先明始终认为，全产业链并非大包大揽，而是发挥特长，做一家一户农户做不了、做起来不经济的环节，再通过合作经营制度形成利益共同体，方可相得益彰。
Ye Xianming, the owner of Jianong Fruits and Vegetables, is the president of Quzhou Citrus Industry Association. From planting oranges, selling oranges, and then starting businesses. Nowadays, "Jianong Fruit and Vegetable" is a national high-tech enterprise integrating R&D, seedling raising, planting, processing and trade. in zhu xianming 'd view, the whole industrial chain is not all-encompassing, but giving full play to its special skills, being a link that one household can't do and is uneconomical to do, and then forming a community of interests through the cooperative management system,which correspond to each other.
新品种繁育就是叶先明颇为重视的领域。坐落白云山下的无病毒良繁中心，承担着大果无核椪柑的繁育任务，这里是华东最大的无病毒柑橘良种繁育中心，每年可为果农供应50万株的无病毒柑橘壮苗，并提供技术指导和保护价收购，以此提高农民种橘效益。“正因为我们占据科技高地，才能赢得市场，提升附加值，再反馈给前端种植户。”叶先明说。
Breeding of new varieties is an area that Ye Xianming attaches great importance to. The virus-free breeding center, located at the foot of Baiyun Mountain, undertakes the breeding task of large-fruit seedless ponkan. It is the largest virus-free citrus breeding center in East China, which can supply 500,000 virus-free citrus strong seedlings to fruit farmers every year, and provide technical guidance and purchase at protective price, so as to improve farmers' orange planting efficiency. "It is precisely because we occupy the highland of science and technology that we can win the market, increase the added value, and then we can offer the feedback to the producers in the frony line. Ye Xianming said.
现在，全产业链经营成了很多衢州农业经营主体的共识。江山市的峰田家庭农场，本身种有4000多亩水稻，如今，父子俩分工有别，老爷子陈彦福专注田间管理，而“85后”儿子陈林嶓则负责农机社会化服务。
Now, the whole industrial chain management has become the consensus of many agricultural business entities in Quzhou. Fengtian Family Farm in Jiangshan City has more than 4,000 mu of rice. Nowadays, father and son have different division of labor. Father Chen Yanfu focuses on field management, while "post-85 s" son Chen Lindi take the responsibility of the responsibility of change the agricultural society to a new one.
“今年，我们还想拍下9亩建设用地，建设大米加工中心、油料加工中心和稻谷储存中心。这样一来，就能从卖稻子转为卖大米，附加值至少可提高一两成。”陈林嶓头脑活络，早些年便注册了商标，补上这一产业链断点后，让他仿佛如虎添翼。
"This year, we also want to take 9 mu of construction land to build a rice processing center, an oil processing center and a rice storage center. In this way, it can be changed from selling rice to selling rice, and the added value can be increased by at least one or two percent." Chen Lin's mind is active, and he registered a trademark in early years. After making up the breakpoint of this industrial chain,which add new funal to the advancement of this industry.
根据计划，到2025年，衢州将打造超30亿元的标志性特色农业产业全产业链10条以上，每个乡镇至少布局1个生鲜冷冻食品零售网点。届时，全市农业科技进步贡献率达到71%以上，农业劳动生产率超过5万元/人，农民人均收入将达4.17万元。
According to the plan, agricultural products with feature will gain the profirt of more than 3 billion yuan with more than 10 industrial chains.and at least one retail outlet of fresh and frozen food will be laid out in each township. By then, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress in the whole city will reach over 71%, the agricultural labor productivity will exceed 50,000 yuan/person, and the per capita income of farmers will reach 41,700 yuan.
作者：余文忠 农民日报‧中国农网记者 朱海洋
Author: Yu Wenzhong Farmers Daily China Rural Network from the reporter Zhu Haiyang
