中国农民丰收节特别报道｜丰收中国 最美画卷

Special Report on Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival the Most Beautiful Picture of Harvest China

黑龙江绥化——

Suihua, Heilongjiang_

机械力量足 玉米抢“鲜”收

Mechanical strength enough corn grab "fresh" harvest

本报记者 方 圆

Reporter: Fang Yuan

黑土生金，沃野飘香。在黑龙江绥化青冈县祯祥镇兆林村，一台大型鲜食玉米采收机，正以每天450亩的速度，收割出一棒棒金黄的鲜食玉米。

Black soil gives birth to gold, and the fragrance of fertile fields. In Zhaolin Village, Zhenxiang Town, Qinggang County, Suihua County, Heilongjiang Province, a large-scale fresh corn harvester is harvesting a stick of golden fresh corn at a speed of 450 mu per day.

“这台采收机是合作社去年新添置的，效率是普通收割机的5倍，收割成本节约近40%，果穗破损率降低15%，平均每亩地增收30元。”青冈县景春现代农机专业合作社负责人尹德才说。

"This harvester was newly purchased by the cooperative last year. Its efficiency is five times of that of ordinary harvesters. The harvesting cost is saved by nearly 40%, the fruit ear breakage rate is reduced by 15%, and the average income per mu is 30 yuan." Qinggang County jingchun modern agricultural machinery professional cooperative director yin decai said.

10年来，尹德才对机械化带来的甜头早已深有体会，“我们合作社成立近10年，一直种植鲜食玉米。最初靠人力采摘，自从引入大型机械设备，过去雨天不能作业的生产难题解决了，大大降低了生产成本，效益噌噌涨。”目前，合作社共有大型现代农机及配套设备60台（套）。

In the past 10 years, Yin Decai has long been deeply aware of the sweetness brought by mechanization, "Our cooperative has been established for nearly 10 years and has been growing fresh corn. At first, it was harvested by manpower. Since the introduction of large-scale machinery and equipment, the production problem that cannot be operated in rainy days in the past has been solved. The production cost has been greatly reduced, and the benefits have increased." At present, the cooperative has a total of 60 large-scale modern agricultural machinery and supporting equipment (sets).

“机械化水平不断提升，再加上风调雨顺的好天气，保守估计，今年玉米亩产量能突破2600穗，比去年增产300穗。”尹德才底气十足地说，合作社今年种植玉米3.5万亩，比去年增加1.3万亩，预计加工成品7000万穗，实现产值1.5亿元，利润2500万元。

"The level of mechanization continues to improve, coupled with good weather and good weather. It is conservatively estimated that the yield of corn per mu this year will exceed 2,600 ears, an increase of 300 ears over last year." Yin Decai said confidently that the cooperative planted 35,000 mu of corn this year, an increase over last year. 13,000 mu, and it is estimated that 70 million ears of finished products will be processed, with an output value of 150 million yuan and a profit of 25 million yuan.

“看看这玉米，株数多、穗挺实，金灿灿的一大片，今年又是个丰收年！”兆林村村民张洪波说，尽管已经将土地流转给合作社，有空时，他常到自家30亩地跟前转转，“合作社用的品种和肥料都是优质的，还有大型机械设备，玉米长势一年比一年好，收成比过去自己种高出不少。”

"Look at this corn. It has a large number of plants, firm ears, and a large area of gold. This year is another bumper harvest year!" said Zhang Hongbo, a villager in Zhaolin Village. Although the land has been transferred to the cooperative, he often visits his 30-mu land when he is free. Going forward, "the varieties and fertilizers used by the cooperative are of high quality, as well as large-scale machinery and equipment. The corn is growing better year by year, and the harvest is much higher than what it used to be."

“自从加入合作社，不仅能拿到土地流转费，还能优先到合作社务工。收入翻了一番不说，家门口就能就业，我和妻子照顾孩子和老人也更方便了。”张洪波说。

"Since joining the cooperative, not only can I get the land transfer fee, but I can also give priority to working in the cooperative. Not to mention the doubling of the income, I can get a job at the doorstep, and my wife and I are more convenient to take care of the children and the elderly." Zhang Hongbo said.

为了庆祝今年的中国农民丰收节，绥化市举办了盛大的鲜食玉米节。在活动现场，玉米育种专家、农业专家、经销商齐聚一堂，开展产销对接、品鉴会、产品展等活动，引来不少观众驻足围观。

To celebrate this year's Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival, Suihua City held a grand Fresh Corn Festival. At the event site, corn breeding experts, agricultural experts, and dealers gathered together to carry out activities such as production and sales docking, tasting sessions, and product exhibitions, attracting many audiences to stop and watch.

伴随着喜庆的锣鼓、欢快的秧歌，欣赏着一张张田野风光和农民风采照片，张洪波感到十分自豪：“土地能丰收，就是咱农民最高兴的事。”

Accompanied by festive gongs and drums, cheerful Yangko, enjoying photos of field scenery and farmers 'elegant demeanour, Zhang Hongbo felt very proud: "The land can have a bumper harvest, which is the happiest thing for our farmers."

链接

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我国农业机械化、智能化发展迅速，农机装备总量持续增加，农机作业水平快速提高，农民从会种地变为“慧”种地。目前，我国农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过72%。小麦、玉米、水稻三大粮食作物耕种收综合机械化率分别超过97%、90%和85%，农机装备对粮食增产贡献率显著提高。

In China, the mechanization and intellectualization of agriculture are developing rapidly, the total amount of agricultural machinery equipment is increasing continuously, the level of agricultural machinery operation is improving rapidly, and farmers are changing from skilled farming to "intelligent" farming. At present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in China exceeds 72%. The comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation and harvest of wheat, corn and rice exceeded 97%,90% and 85% respectively, and the contribution rate of agricultural machinery equipment to grain production increased significantly.

湖北潜江——

Qianjiang-Hubei_

稻虾一起长 增产又增收

Rice and shrimp grow together to increase production and income

本报记者 李晓晴

Reporter: Li Xiaoqing

金秋九月，稻谷飘香，湖北省潜江市白鹭湖管理区的稻田里，收割机来回穿梭。“稻虾一起长，咱的丰收是双份的。”潜江市黑伟家庭农场经营者胡臣伟笑着说。

Autumn September, rice fragrance, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province Bailu Lake Management District rice fields, harvesters shuttle back and forth. "When rice and shrimp grow together, our harvest will be double." Qianjiang City black Wei family farm operator Hu Chenwei said with a smile.

胡臣伟是当地有名的稻虾共作大户。“105亩稻虾田采用的是繁养分离模式，种一季稻养两季虾。今年农场卖虾收入近60万元。”

Hu Chenwei is a famous local rice and shrimp farmer. "105 acres of rice shrimp field adopts the mode of breeding separation, planting one season rice to raise two seasons shrimp." This year, the farm earned nearly 600,000 yuan from shrimp sales."

潜江市20年前便开始探索稻虾连作模式，通过多年摸索，完成了稻田改造工程，营造出适合小龙虾生长繁殖的生态环境。近10年，这一模式在田间地头快速推广。目前，潜江市稻虾产业已形成完整产业链，提高了稻田综合效益。

Qianjiang City began to explore the continuous cropping model of rice and shrimp 20 years ago. After years of exploration, the rice field reconstruction project was completed, creating an ecological environment suitable for the growth and reproduction of crayfish. In the past 10 years, this model has been rapidly promoted in the fields. At present, the rice and shrimp industry in Qianjiang City has formed a complete industrial chain, which has improved the comprehensive benefits of paddy fields.

“水稻生长过程中，小龙虾在稻田里爬行既能帮秧苗‘透气’，还能把田里的害虫吃掉。稻谷的秸秆是小龙虾的栖息场所，稻田里野草、水生动物、有机碎屑，都是虾的天然饵料。”潜江市龙虾产业发展促进中心高级工程师陶忠虎说，“稻虾共生对水的条件要求高，稻在水中长，虾在稻下游，以稻养虾，以虾促稻，形成良性循环。”如今，潜江的稻虾田里，化肥、农药使用量分别下降50%、70%。

"During the growth of rice, crayfish crawling in the rice field can not only help the seedlings 'breath', but also eat the pests in the field. The straw of the rice is the habitat of the crayfish, weeds, aquatic animals, and organic debris in the rice field. They are all natural bait for shrimp." Tao Zhonghu, senior engineer of Qianjiang Lobster Industry Development Promotion Center, said, "The symbiosis of rice and shrimp requires high water conditions. Rice grows in water and shrimp is downstream of rice. Promote rice and form a virtuous circle." Today, in the rice and shrimp fields in Qianjiang, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has dropped by 50% and 70% respectively.

双份丰收换来双份增收。“县里专门选育适合在稻虾田里生长的稻米品种，打出了‘虾香稻’‘水乡虾稻’等品牌，亩产能达到1200斤，1斤米的收购价比普通米能高出5到8毛钱。预计10月就能全收完，增收妥妥的。”胡臣伟说，“稻田里长出的虾头小尾大、爪粗壳亮，销路也好得很。”

A double harvest in exchange for a double increase. "The county specially selects and breeds rice varieties suitable for growing in rice and shrimp fields, and has launched brands such as 'Shrimp Fragrant Rice' and 'Shuixiang Shrimp Rice'. 5 to 8 cents. It is expected to be fully collected in October, and the increase in revenue will be appropriate." Hu Chenwei said, "The shrimp that grow in the paddy fields have small heads and large tails, thick claws and bright shells, and the sales are also very good."

产业链条不断延伸。目前潜江全市小龙虾加工企业33家，年小龙虾加工能力达35万吨以上。积极发展精深加工，虾头、虾壳等废弃物变废为宝，产品附加值大幅提升。今年全产业链从业人数超过20万人，稻虾产业综合产值将超过600亿元。

The industrial chain continues to extend. At present, there are 33 crayfish processing enterprises in Qianjiang, with an annual crayfish processing capacity of more than 350,000 tons. Actively develop intensive processing, turn wastes such as shrimp heads and shrimp shells into treasures, and greatly increase the added value of products. This year, the entire industry chain employs more than 200,000 people, and the comprehensive output value of the rice and shrimp industry will exceed 60 billion yuan.

链接

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经过10多年的努力，我国稻渔产业发展取得明显成效。2021年，全国稻渔综合种养面积达到3966万亩，比2011年增长119%，其中稻虾增长最为迅速，增加约1800万亩。去年稻渔综合种养生产水产品356万吨，占全国淡水养殖产量的11%，为保障水产品供给提供了有力支撑。据估算，仅增加水产品一项，稻渔综合种养每年可为农民增收600多亿元，增收增效作用显著。

After more than 10 years of hard work, the development of my country's rice and fishery industry has achieved remarkable results. In 2021, the comprehensive planting and breeding area of rice and fishery in the country will reach 39.66 million mu, an increase of 119% over 2011, of which rice and shrimp have grown the most rapidly, with an increase of about 18 million mu. Last year, the comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fishery produced 3.56 million tons of aquatic products, accounting for 11% of the national freshwater aquaculture output, providing strong support for ensuring the supply of aquatic products. It is estimated that by adding only one item of aquatic products, the integrated rice-fishing planting and breeding can increase farmers' income by more than 60 billion yuan each year, which has a significant effect of increasing income and increasing efficiency.

四川苍溪——

Cangxi, Sichuan_

好资源变成好产业

Good resources become good industries

本报记者 王 浩

Reporter: Wang Hao

漫山果树，绿色延绵，圆鼓鼓的猕猴桃缀满枝头。“对咱果农来说，采摘季天天都是丰收节。”这几天，四川省苍溪县尚林园家庭农场负责人丁柏寒格外高兴，“果子还在枝头，就被预订了。”

Mountain fruit trees, green stretch, round kiwi fruit covered with branches. "For our fruit growers, the picking season is a harvest festival every day." These days, Ding Baihan, the person in charge of Shanglinyuan Family Farm in Cangxi County, Sichuan Province, was particularly happy,"The fruit is still on the branch, and it is already reserved."

秦巴山、嘉陵江、紫色土，共同孕育出独特的红心猕猴桃。“我们这儿的猕猴桃，黄肉红心，口感甘甜，可以说是‘独一份’。”丁柏寒语带自豪。

Qinba Mountain, Jialing River and purple soil together breed unique red kiwi fruit. "The kiwi fruit here has yellow flesh and red heart. It tastes sweet. It can be said to be 'unique'." Ding Baihan said proudly.

相中老家的特色资源，2020年，在外闯荡多年的丁柏寒返乡创业。看到猕猴桃种植规模小、技术水平低，好果卖不上好价，他内心深受触动。丁柏寒说：“我懂市场、有渠道，把好质量关，销路不用愁。”

In 2020, Ding Bohan, who has been abroad for many years, will return to his hometown to start a business. He was deeply touched when he saw that the kiwifruit was planted on a small scale, with a low level of technology, and the good fruit could not be sold at a good price. Ding Baihan said: "I understand the market, have channels, and control good quality, so I don't have to worry about sales."

好果子咋样种？引进先进技术，改造低效果园。“果树有了‘透明伞’，不怕风吹雨淋。”果园里，一排排塑料遮雨棚沿着山势延伸。丁柏寒说：“猕猴桃娇贵，不能缺水但又怕水多。有了遮雨棚，遇上连雨天，果子不怕淋，树根不怕泡，产量有保障。”

How to plant good fruits? Introduce advanced technology and transform low-efficiency gardens. "The fruit trees have 'transparent umbrellas', so they are not afraid of wind and rain." In the orchard, rows of plastic awnings extend along the mountain. Ding Baihan said: "Kiwifruit is delicate and should not be short of water, but it is afraid of too much water. With a canopy, in case of continuous rain, the fruit is not afraid of drenching, the roots are not afraid of soaking, and the yield is guaranteed."

对于山上的果园来说，及时灌溉是关键。“我购置了水肥一体化设施，用水的时候一按开关就行。小水勤灌，浇地变成‘润’地。”丁柏寒介绍，前段伏天高温，喷头飞转，水雾弥漫，果树用上了“加湿器”，水肥一体设备发挥大作用。

For mountain orchards, timely irrigation is the key. "I bought an integrated water and fertilizer facility, and when I use water, I just press the switch." Small water irrigation, irrigation into a 'moist' land." Ding Bohan introduced that in the early days of summer, the high temperature, the nozzle flying, the water mist diffuse, the fruit trees used the "humidifier," the water and fertilizer integrated equipment played a big role.

绿色种植，让好果子变成好商品。“从剪枝疏花，到防治病虫，全过程按照绿色标准来。”丁柏寒细数，“割草靠人工，施肥用的是枯饼，尽量避免机器碾压，确保紫色土松软透气。这样种出来的果子口感好、有营养。我们的猕猴桃通过了国家绿色食品认证，产值可达600多万元。”

Green planting turns good fruits into good commodities. "From pruning and thinning flowers to controlling diseases and insect pests, the whole process follows green standards." Ding Bohan elaborated, "We use manual labor to cut grass, and use dead cake for fertilization. Try to avoid machine rolling to ensure that the purple soil is soft and breathable. This way The fruits produced are delicious and nutritious. Our kiwis have passed the national green food certification, and the output value can reach more than 6 million yuan.”

如今在苍溪，一个个现代果园，让资源优势转化为产业优势。“红心猕猴桃成为我们的特色主导产业，更是致富支柱产业。”县猕猴桃产业发展局局长辜锡泉说，全县引进和培育龙头企业7家，发展农民专业合作社124家、家庭农场581家。猕猴桃产业实现年综合产值60亿元，带动从业人员超22万人。

Now in Cangxi, a modern orchard, let the resource advantage into industrial advantage. "Red heart kiwi fruit has become our characteristic leading industry, and it is also the pillar industry for getting rich." County kiwifruit industry development bureau director Gu Xiquan said, The county introduced and cultivated 7 leading enterprises, Development of farmers professional cooperatives 124, Family farms 581. Kiwifruit industry has realized an annual comprehensive output value of 6 billion yuan, driving more than 220,000 employees.

特色产业如何从大到强？“人才、资金、科技等现代化要素不断集聚，县里加强技术指导、提供资金支持，鼓励返乡创业。”县长任云介绍，“我们推广标准化种植，让‘一产’优起来，‘二产’强起来，‘三产’旺起来，促进猕猴桃产业融合。”

How do characteristic industries grow from big to strong? "The elements of modernization such as talents, capital, and science and technology continue to gather, and the county strengthens technical guidance, provides financial support, and encourages people to return to their hometowns to start a business." Ren Yun, the county head, introduced, "We promote standardized planting, so that the 'first production' can be improved, and the 'secondary production' can be improved. The production will become stronger and the three productions will prosper, which will promote the integration of the kiwifruit industry."

“接下来还要继续提品质、打品牌，擦亮‘金字招牌’。”丁柏寒信心满满。

"Next, we will continue to improve quality, brand and polish the 'gold-lettered signboard'." Ding Baihan was full of confidence.

链接

link

乡村特色产业蓬勃发展。各地因地制宜发展特色鲜明的乡村产业，形成了一批乡字号、土字号品牌。截至目前，全国累计创建140个优势特色产业集群、250个国家现代农业产业园、1300多个农业产业强镇、3600多个“一村一品”示范村镇。

Rural characteristic industries are booming. Various regions have developed distinctive rural industries according to local conditions, and formed a number of local and local brands. Up to now, a total of 140 advantageous and characteristic industrial clusters, 250 national modern agricultural industrial parks, more than 1,300 strong agricultural towns, and more than 3,600 "one village, one product" demonstration villages and towns have been created nationwide.

河北迁西——

Qianxi-Hebei Province_

小板栗成了“网红果”

Small chestnut became "net red fruit"

本报记者 常 钦

Reporter Chang Qin

秋意渐浓，河北省迁西县汉儿庄镇高低起伏的山坡上，风中飘着板栗香，成片的板栗林郁郁葱葱，一颗颗“笑开花”的栗子挂满枝头，映着栗农的笑脸。

Autumn is getting stronger and stronger. On the undulating hillside of Hanerzhuang Town, Qianxi County, Hebei Province, the fragrance of chestnuts is floating in the wind. The chestnut forest is lush and green. Chestnuts "blooming with laughter" are hung on the branches, reflecting the smiling faces of chestnut farmers.

一大早，新安板栗专业合作社负责人郭忠良就来到板栗林间，支好三脚架，对着手机卖力“吆喝”起来：“咱这板栗好吃得很，赶快下单吧……”直播间里点赞不断、订单不断。林子里，乡亲们来往穿梭，采摘、装运、脱壳、发货，有条不紊。

Early in the morning, Guo Zhongliang, the head of the Xin'an Chestnut Professional Cooperative, came to the chestnut forest, set up a tripod, and shouted at the phone: "Our chestnuts are delicious, hurry up and place an order..." The live broadcast room There are continuous likes and orders. In the woods, the villagers shuttled back and forth, picking, shipping, shelling, and shipping in an orderly manner.

迁西板栗是国家地理标志产品。汉儿庄镇作为板栗主产区，种植面积8万亩，年产量约1万吨。“栗树是咱老百姓的宝，这小小的栗子寄托着增收致富的希望。”郭忠良说。

Qianxi chestnut is a national geographical indication product. As the main production area of chestnut, Hanerzhuang Town has a planting area of 80,000 mu and an annual output of about 10,000 tons. "Chestnut trees are the treasure of our common people. These small chestnuts are entrusted with the hope of increasing income and becoming rich." Guo Zhongliang said.

说起板栗的出山路，郭忠良打开话匣子：以前父亲埋头田间种板栗，自己跑代收、批发，给炒货店配送。“那会儿从迁西产地发货，物流跟不上，批发价格低，好东西就是卖不上好价钱。”郭忠良“嗅觉”灵敏，着手成立合作社，把板栗搬上互联网平台，还在昆明、成都、西安等地建起生鲜仓库，产品24小时直达全国各地。

Speaking of the way out of the mountains for chestnuts, Guo Zhongliang opened the conversation: In the past, his father immersed himself in growing chestnuts in the fields, and he collected and wholesaled chestnuts on his own behalf, and distributed them to roasted seeds and nuts. "At that time, the goods were shipped from the Qianxi origin, the logistics could not keep up, the wholesale price was low, and good things just couldn't sell at a good price." Guo Zhongliang has a keen sense of smell, and started to set up a cooperative to put chestnuts on the Internet platform. Fresh warehouses have been built in Kunming, Chengdu, Xi'an and other places, and products can be delivered to all parts of the country 24 hours a day.

“接通电商产业链后，销得好还得严把质量关。”郭忠良说，生鲜板栗从产地发货时先要挑选一轮，到分省仓库打包时再挑选一轮。线上销售仅3年，郭忠良的网店已小有名气，网店淡季日均600单起。合作社一个月出货量约有400吨，每年有300多万元的净利润。

"After connecting to the e-commerce industry chain, you must strictly control the quality of the sales." Guo Zhongliang said that fresh chestnuts must be selected one round when they are shipped from the origin, and then one round when they are packaged in the warehouses of the provinces. After only 3 years of online sales, Guo Zhongliang's online store is already well-known, with an average of 600 orders per day in the off-season. The cooperative's monthly shipment volume is about 400 tons, with an annual net profit of more than 3 million yuan.

目前，合作社拥有社员近200户。“顾家打工两不误，还能就近学技术，种板栗有奔头！”合作社社员杨建朝说，农忙时，他种栗子卖给合作社，农闲时，就在合作社里加工、筛选板栗，一年下来收入十来万元。

At present, the cooperative has nearly 200 members. "It's no mistake to take care of the family and work. You can also learn the technology nearby and grow chestnuts with great success!" Yang Jianchao, a member of the cooperative, said that when he was busy farming, he grew chestnuts and sold them to the cooperative. When he was idle, he processed and screened chestnuts in the cooperative, earning more than 100,000 yuan a year.

在汉儿庄镇，农产品电商带火“金字招牌”，“板栗+旅游”也悄然兴起。“我们新落地了板栗树认养模式，认养后可自己经营，也可委托给原户主经营，板栗成熟后免费寄到家，认养客户还能获得周边景区大礼包。”汉儿庄镇党委副书记罗超文说。

In Hanerzhuang Town, the e-commerce of agricultural products has become popular with "golden signs", and "chestnut + tourism" has also quietly emerged. "We have newly implemented the chestnut tree adoption model. After adoption, we can operate it ourselves or entrust it to the original householder. After the chestnuts are mature, they will be delivered to their homes for free, and adopting customers can also get gift packages from surrounding scenic spots." Luo Chaowen, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Hanerzhuang Town Say.

“俗话说，涝收栗子旱收枣。今年夏天雨水足，板栗大丰收，价格也不错。”郭忠良说，丰收节到了，网店的订单量看涨，趁着天气好，合作社正抓紧秋收，“下一步要带动更多村民走电商惠民路，让乡亲们的‘钱袋子’更鼓。”

As the saying goes,"the water is collected by chestnut and the jujube is collected by drought." This summer, the rain is sufficient, the chestnut harvest is great, and the price is also good." Guo Zhongliang said that the harvest festival is coming, and the order volume of the online store is rising. Taking advantage of the good weather, the cooperative is grasping the autumn harvest."The next step is to drive more villagers to take the road of e-commerce to benefit the people, so that the villagers '' money bag 'is even bigger."

链接

link

乡村新产业新业态蓬勃发展。各地区立足乡村资源，拓展农业多种功能，通过直播带货、农村电商等新业态促进产销衔接增收，优质农产品卖上好价钱。截至目前，各类涉农电商超过3万家，农村网络零售额2万多亿元。今年上半年，农产品电子商务较快发展，农产品网络零售额2900亿元，同比增长12.4%。

New industries and new formats in rural areas are booming. Based on rural resources, various regions have expanded various agricultural functions, and promoted the connection of production and sales to increase income through new formats such as live broadcast and rural e-commerce, and high-quality agricultural products can be sold at good prices. Up to now, there are more than 30,000 e-commerce companies related to agriculture, and the rural online retail sales are more than 2 trillion yuan. In the first half of this year, the e-commerce of agricultural products developed rapidly, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 290 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.4%.

版式设计：张芳曼

Layout design: Zhang Fangman

《 人民日报 》（ 2022年09月23日 18 版）

People 's Daily (September 23,2022, 18th Edition)