陕西铜川：让绿水青山成为群众的“幸福靠山”
Tongchuan, Shaanxi: Let green mountains and green mountains become the "happy backers" of the masses
近年来，陕西省铜川市全面推行林长制改革，较好地解决了林业生态建设缺抓手、林业产业发展缺支撑、林业体制改革缺活力等问题，使绿色发展道路越走越宽，实现了生态环境、经济效益和社会效益的互利共赢，让绿水青山成为群众的“幸福靠山”。
In recent years, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province has comprehensively implemented the reform of forest tenure system, It has solved the problems of lack of grasp of forestry ecological construction, lack of support of forestry industry development, lack of vitality of forestry system reform, etc., made the green development road wider and wider, achieved mutual benefit and win-win of ecological environment, economic benefits and social benefits, and made green mountains and green mountains become the "happy backers" of the masses.
2437名林长守护青山绿水。建立市、县、镇、村四级林长工作机制，层层压实责任，目前全市共设立林长2437名，其中市级林长5名、县级林长39名、镇级林长278名、村级林长2115名。实现林长责任区域和基层护林组织体系全覆盖，实行林长制网格化管理，有效解决“林长制”最后一公里问题。
2,437 forest chiefs protect green mountains and green waters. The working mechanism of forest chiefs at the city, county, town and village levels has been established to compacting responsibilities at each level. At present, there are 2,437 forest chiefs in the city, including 5 at the city level, 39 at the county level, 278 at the town level and 2,115 at the village level. To achieve full coverage of forest chief responsibility areas and grassroots forest protection organization system, implement grid management of forest chief system, and effectively solve the problem of the last kilometer of the "forest chief system".
大力开展“增绿、护绿、管绿、用绿、活绿”工作，着力做好“绿”文章。2022年全年完成营造林近14万亩，重点区域绿化1.25万亩，义务植树258.8万株。按照“一树一牌一人”的管理模式，对全市663棵古树名木采取了挂牌保护措施。落实森林防火首长负责制，发布《关于切实做好全市冬春森林防灭火工作的林长令》，全市设立临时检查站点83个，开展森林防火宣传200余次，督导检查100余次，有效防范了森林火灾发生，实现无火灾目标。全年森林病虫害查防面积367万亩，检疫苗木719.71万株、木材2984立方米，全市未发生重大林业有害生物入侵。2018年—2021年以前年度，森林督查反馈问题全面查处整改到位。全市林草湿资源监测调查18个样地和1191个图斑全面完成。全市干杂果新栽和低产低效园改造良种使用率达到90%以上，丰产技术推广率达到85%以上。组建5支技术服务队，开展技术培训42期2230人次，完成科技推广面积2.1万亩，建成科技示范点12个，培养技术能手10人。
We will vigorously carry out the work of "increasing green, protecting green, managing green, using green and living green", and strive to do a good job in "green" articles. In 2022, nearly 140,000 mu of forest was planted, 12,500 mu of forest was planted in key areas, and 2.588 million trees were planted. In accordance with the management mode of "one tree, one card and one person", 663 ancient and famous trees in the city were listed and protected. The Forest Fire prevention Chief responsibility system was implemented, the Forest Chief Order on Effectively Doing the Work of Preventing and Fighting Fire in the City's Winter and Spring Forests was issued, 83 temporary inspection stations were set up in the city, more than 200 times of forest fire prevention publicity and 100 times of supervision and inspection were carried out, effectively preventing the occurrence of forest fires and realizing the goal of no fire. Annual forest pest inspection and control area of 3.67 million mu, quarantine seedlings 7.197 million strains, wood 2,984 cubic meters, no major forest pest invasion occurred in the city. From 2018 to 2021, forest inspection feedback problems were comprehensively investigated and rectified. The monitoring and investigation of forest and grass wet resources in the city included 18 sample plots and 1191 map spots. The utilization rate of new planting of dried fruits and mixed fruits and upgrading of low-yield and low-efficiency gardens reached more than 90%, and the promotion rate of high-yield technology reached more than 85%. It has set up 5 technical service teams, carried out 42 periods of technical training with 2230 person-time, completed 21,000 mu of science and technology promotion area, built 12 science and technology demonstration sites, and trained 10 technical experts.
实施干杂果丰产栽培技术示范推广项目900亩，完成投资120万元。发挥“宜君核桃”“耀州花椒”等品牌效应，培育林产品深加工龙头企业3家，建成林产品集散中心1个。全市干杂果产量3.85万吨，总产值10.39亿元，新育苗木花卉2000亩，培养苗木花卉专业合作社4家。发展林下种植2000亩，林下养殖2.84余万只（头、箱），新建林下经济示范基地5个、林下经济示范点10个。
The demonstration and promotion project of high-yield cultivation technology of dried miscellaneous fruits was carried out on 900 mu, with an investment of 1.2 million yuan. To exert the brand effect of "Yijun Walnut" and "Yaozhou prickly ash", cultivate 3 leading enterprises for deep processing of forest products, and build 1 forest product distribution center. The city produces 38,500 tons of dried and mixed fruits, with a total output value of 1.039 billion yuan. There are 2000 mu of new seedlings and flowers, and 4 professional cooperatives for cultivating seedlings and flowers. Under the forest, 2,000 mu of planting has been developed, more than 28,400 animals (head and box) have been bred, and 5 underforest economic demonstration bases and 10 underforest economic demonstration sites have been built.
生态脱贫助力乡村振兴。印发《铜川市林业局2022年乡村振兴工作要点》，稳定1504名生态护林员公益岗位，按月发放劳务补助。倾斜支持343名脱贫人口参与林业重点工程务工，“五个一批”林业基层单位吸纳129名脱贫人口稳定务工，按要求完成了脱贫群众新一轮退耕还林政策补助和公益林生态效益补偿，脱贫群众涉林收入3671.94万元。探索开展野猪损害农作物赔偿试点工作，耀州区、印台区、宜君县共计56.9万亩农作物纳入野生动物危害农保范围。
Ecological poverty alleviation contributes to rural revitalization. Tongchuan Forestry Bureau issued the Key Points of Rural Revitalization in 2022, stabilized 1,504 public welfare posts of ecological forest rangers, and provided monthly labor subsidies. A total of 343 people lifted out of poverty were given preferential support to work in key forestry projects, and 129 people were recruited to work steadily in community-level forestry units. As required, a new round of subsidies for returning farmland to forests and compensation for the ecological benefits of non-commercial forests were completed for people lifted out of poverty, resulting in a forest-related income of 36.719,400 yuan. We explored and carried out trials of compensation for crops damaged by wild boars, and included a total of 569,000 mu of crops in Yaozhou District, Yintai District and Yijun County in the agricultural protection scheme for wild animals.
