切实保护好地球第三极生态
Effectively protect the roof of the world ecology of the earth
桃花与田野错落有致地分布在林芝大地上。扎 洛摄
Peach blossoms and fields are scattered in Linzhi. Zalo
林芝的春天，漫山遍野桃花盛开。新华社记者 孙瑞博摄
In spring in Linzhi, peach blossoms bloom all over the mountains. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Ruibo photo
嘎拉村桃花绽放。本报记者 徐驭尧摄
Peach blossoms bloom in Gala Village. Our reporter Xu Yushe
高原四月，桃花灼灼。在西藏自治区林芝市，漫山遍野的野桃花开得正艳，红红粉粉、沾雨带雪，掩映着高原的蓝天和雪山，装点出一个色彩斑斓的世界……
In April on the plateau, peach blossoms burn. In Linzhi City, Tibet Autonomous Region, the wild peach blossoms all over the mountains are blooming brightly, red and pink, stained with rain and snow, covering the blue sky and snow-capped mountains on the plateau and decorating a colorful world...
林芝，位于西藏东南部，是西藏海拔最低、气候最温暖湿润、生态环境最好、生物多样性最丰富的地区，也是全国三大原始林区之一，素有“西藏江南”的美称。
Linzhi, located in the southeast of Tibet, is the region with the lowest altitude, the warmest and wettest climate, the best ecological environment and the richest biodiversity in Tibet. It is also one of the three major primeval forest areas in China and is known as "Jiangnan of Tibet".
习近平总书记在西藏考察时强调，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，努力建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化，切实保护好地球第三极生态。
During his inspection tour in Tibet, General Secretary emphasized that we should unswervingly follow the road of ecological priority and green development, strive to build a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, and effectively protect the roof of the world ecology of the earth.
生态要保护、生产要发展、生活要改善，如何建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化，是摆在林芝发展面前的首要课题。
Ecology should be protected, production should be developed, and life should be improved. How to build the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the primary issue facing Linzhi's development.
细数林芝近年发展，一方面，大力保护生态，积极创建国家森林城市，空气质量在全国地市中连续4年排名第一；另一方面，大力探索产业生态化、生态产业化的发展之路，让更多群众走上生态路、吃上生态饭，丰富的生态资源逐渐成为林芝广大农牧民为之骄傲的“幸福不动产”。
Counting the development of Linzhi in recent years, on the one hand, vigorously protect the ecology and actively create a national forest city, and the air quality ranks first among the cities in the country for four consecutive years; On the other hand, we should vigorously explore the development road of industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization, so that more people can embark on the ecological road and eat ecological meals. Rich ecological resources have gradually become "happy real estate" that farmers and herdsmen in Linzhi are proud of.
生态化生产
Ecological production
在林芝市波密县，318国道一侧的密林，落满厚厚的松针，踏着松针铺满的林地往里走，林间全是一片片插有红、黄、蓝等色彩的标牌。记者正纳闷这些标牌下埋有什么东西，“天麻博士”仇全雷笑着解释，每一个标牌下面，就有他的一塘“宝贝疙瘩”。
In Bomi County, Nyingchi City, the dense forest on one side of National Highway 318 is covered with thick pine needles, and walking through the woodland covered with pine needles, the forest is full of signs with red, yellow and blue colors. The reporter is wondering what is buried under these signs. Qiu Quanlei, "Dr. Tianma", explained with a smile that there is a pond of "baby bumps" under each sign.
仇全雷是西藏波密高原藏天麻产业开发有限公司负责人。他蹲下身，拔下标牌，轻轻扒拉开松针和浅土层，小心翼翼地用手采挖，几颗天麻一点点露了出来。“这5个藏天麻的重量大概有两斤多，市场价格在400元以上。与外地天麻相比，波密天麻由于生长在高原地带，独特的生态环境优势，使其品质更优，但产量也偏低。”仇全雷说，虽然品质优良，但波密藏天麻产业却一直未找好市场竞争的突破口。
Qiu Quanlei is the head of Tibetan Gastrodia Elata Industry Development Co., Ltd. in Bomi Plateau, Tibet. He squatted down, pulled out the sign, gently pulled away the pine needles and shallow soil layer, carefully dug by hand, and a few Gastrodia elata Blume were exposed little by little. "The weight of these five Tibetan Gastrodia elata Blume is about two pounds, and the market price is above 400 yuan. Compared with foreign Gastrodia elata Blume, Bomi Gastrodia elata Blume grows in the plateau and has unique ecological environment advantages, which makes its quality better, but its output is also low." Qiu Quanlei said that although the quality is excellent, the Gastrodia elata industry in Bomi has not found a breakthrough in market competition.
2019年，广州援藏工作组远赴云南昭通，邀请仇全雷到波密发展天麻产业，当时最吸引他的是波密的好生态。两年多过去，如今产业初步发展起来，仇全雷反而为好生态生出不少困扰。“酒香也怕巷子深！”仇全雷说，都知道林芝生态好，可好生态种植出的产品怎么才能让消费者认识到它的价值？这个“生态牌”还真不知道如何打。
In 2019, Guangzhou Tibet Aid Working Group went to Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, and invited Qiu Quanlei to Bomi to develop Gastrodia elata industry. At that time, what attracted him most was the good ecology of Bomi. After more than two years, the industry has initially developed, but Qiu Quanlei has caused a lot of troubles for good ecology. "The wine is also afraid of the deep alley!" Qiu Quanlei said that everyone knows that Linzhi has a good ecology, but how can the products planted ecologically make consumers realize its value? I really don't know how to play this "ecological card".
关键时候，波密县委常务副书记邹勇刚出招了，“企业是我们考察引进的，我们就有责任扶上马、送一程。”2021年4月，广州援藏工作组与“京东农场”团队达成项目合作，以打造“京东农场”示范基地为切入点，围绕藏天麻种植到仓储、配送、质量追溯开展全程信息化管理。
At a critical time, Zou Yonggang, executive deputy secretary of Bomi County Committee, made a move. "The enterprise was introduced by us, and we have the responsibility to help the horse and send a ride." In April, 2021, Guangzhou Tibet Aid Working Group and "JD.COM Farm" team reached a project cooperation, taking building "JD.COM Farm" demonstration base as the breakthrough point, and carrying out the whole process of information management around Tibetan Gastrodia elata planting, warehousing, distribution and quality traceability.
如今，在仇全雷的波密天麻种植基地里，物联网传感器密集部署，可以实现温度、湿度等信息的卫星监测、远程监测，同时上线的智能管控系统，还能实现数据分析、智能决策，指导藏天麻的科学种植。
Nowadays, in Bomi Gastrodia elata planting base in Qiu Quanlei, Internet of Things sensors are densely deployed, which can realize satellite monitoring and remote monitoring of temperature, humidity and other information. At the same time, the on-line intelligent management and control system can also realize data analysis and intelligent decision-making, and guide the scientific planting of Tibetan Gastrodia elata.
在直播间里，仇全雷对着镜头侃侃而谈：“一物一码，一目了然……”波密藏天麻的生态优势清晰展示在消费者面前。
In the live broadcast room, Qiu Quanlei talked to the camera Kan Kan: "One thing, one yard, at a glance..." The ecological advantages of Gastrodia elata Blume in Bomi are clearly displayed in front of consumers.
波密县扎木镇党委书记张虎介绍，在仇全雷这样的科技人才带动下，扎木镇仿野生藏天麻种植面积已达1653亩，藏天麻产业园里“公司+科研+市场+专业种植户”的产业链模式也日趋完善，累计带动周边群众增收365万余元，受益农牧民群众近3000人。
Zhang Hu, secretary of the Party Committee of Zamu Town, Bomi County, said that driven by scientific and technological talents like Qiu Quanlei, the planting area of imitation wild Tibetan Gastrodia elata Blume in Zamu Town has reached 1,653 mu, and the industrial chain model of "company + scientific research + market + professional growers" in Tibetan Gastrodia elata Blume Industrial Park has become increasingly perfect, which has driven the surrounding people to increase their income by more than 3.65 million yuan and benefited nearly 3,000 farmers and herdsmen.
“每天有200元的务工收入，加上亩均1100元的土地流转费，日子是越过越好。”扎木镇东若村村民多吉益西在基地的林子里一边刨天麻，一边算着幸福账。
"Every day, there is the income from working in 200 yuan, plus the land transfer fee of 1,100 yuan per mu, and the days are getting better and better." Duoji Yixi, a villager from Dongruo Village, Zhamu Town, planed Gastrodia elata Blume in the forest of the base while counting the happiness account.
海拔低、气候好、生态佳、资源多，林芝本就有发展林下资源的天然禀赋，如今更是沿着生态化生产的道路，大力发展茶叶、林果、蔬菜等高原特色生物产业，易贡的茶叶、米林的苹果、察隅的猕猴桃、巴宜的蔬菜……林芝的高原生物产业渐成规模。截至目前，林芝累计种植特色林果28.1万亩、蔬菜3.9万亩、藏药材1.6万余亩。
With low altitude, good climate, good ecology and abundant resources, Linzhi has the natural endowment of developing undergrowth resources. Now, along the road of ecological production, it is vigorously developing plateau characteristic bio-industries such as tea, forest fruits and vegetables. Tea in Yigong, apples in Milin, kiwifruit in Chayu and vegetables in Bayi … Linzhi's plateau bio-industry has gradually become a scale. Up to now, Linzhi has planted 281,000 mu of characteristic fruits, 39,000 mu of vegetables and more than 16,000 mu of Tibetan medicinal materials.
林芝市长巴塔表示，当地正加大易贡、墨脱、察隅等地茶叶基地建设，抓好茶叶提质增效和品牌推广，蔬菜种植面积也将稳定在4万亩以上。以藏天麻为代表的藏药材产业稳步发展，目前正推进自治区级藏药材产业园项目建设，藏医药材种质基因库也正在建设当中。
Bata, mayor of Linzhi, said that the local government is increasing the construction of tea bases in Yigong, Medog and Chayu, and doing a good job in improving tea quality and efficiency and brand promotion, and the vegetable planting area will be stable at over 40,000 mu. The Tibetan medicine industry, represented by Gastrodia elata Blume, has developed steadily. At present, the construction of Tibetan medicine industrial park at autonomous region level is being promoted, and the Tibetan medicine germplasm gene bank is also under construction.
绿色化生活
Green life
仲春时节，微风和煦。
In mid-spring, the breeze is warm.
巴宜区林芝镇嘎拉村一派欣欣向荣的景象：田地里，油菜花花团锦簇；乡野畔，野桃花迎风绽放……村民们正忙着装扮景区、整理民宿、打扫街道，迎接游客的到来。
There is a thriving scene in Gala Village, Linzhi Town, Bayi District: in the fields, rape flowers are blooming; On the banks of the countryside, wild peach blossoms bloom in the wind... The villagers are busy dressing up scenic spots, tidying up homestays and cleaning streets to welcome tourists.
嘎拉村有上百亩野桃树，每年春天，桃花盛开、青稞吐绿、落英缤纷，这里又被称为“桃花村”。近年来，依托毗邻318国道优势和漫山遍野的桃树资源，嘎拉村大力发展旅游产业，积极推动乡村振兴。“我们不光生活环境好，生活水平更是‘呀咕嘟’（藏语“非常好”）。能有今天幸福的生活，大家更是有太多的‘突及其’（藏语“感谢”）。”嘎拉村党支部书记边巴开心地说。
There are hundreds of acres of wild peach trees in Gala Village. Every spring, peach blossoms bloom, highland barley spits green and leaves colorful trees. It is also called "Peach Blossom Village". In recent years, relying on the advantages of being adjacent to National Highway 318 and peach tree resources all over the mountains, Gala Village has vigorously developed tourism industry and actively promoted rural revitalization. "We not only have a good living environment, but also have a better living standard (Tibetan is" very good "). To have a happy life today, everyone has too many'sudden and '(Tibetan" thank you ")." Bian Ba, Party branch secretary of Gala Village, said happily.
自然禀赋虽好，美丽乡村不易，为了进一步改善嘎拉村人居环境，建设起美丽宜居乡村，边巴这些年花了不少心思。村两委跟驻村工作队一合计，嘎拉村的“绿色银行”率先开起来了。
Although the natural endowment is good, beautiful countryside is not easy. In order to further improve the living environment of Gala Village and build a beautiful and livable village, Bianba has spent a lot of thoughts in recent years. Together with the resident team, the "Green Bank" in Gala Village took the lead.
“我们对可回收垃圾进行逐一分类、制定相应积分，并提供相应生活用品供群众兑换。”嘎拉村的大学生村官黄海芬说，通过“垃圾兑换积分、积分兑换商品”的形式，嘎拉村里村民的生态环保意识显著增强。
"We classify recyclable garbage one by one, formulate corresponding points, and provide corresponding daily necessities for the masses to exchange." Huang Haifen, a university student village official in Gala Village, said that through the form of "garbage for points and points for goods", the villagers' awareness of ecological and environmental protection in Gala Village has been significantly enhanced.
村里干净了，游客更多了，嘎拉村从2002年以来，每年举办“林芝桃花文化旅游节”，作为“桃花节”的主场地，2021年接待游客14万人次，经营收入达460余万元，户均分红近10万元。村民收入也从2015年的人均1.3万元，增加到了现在的3.5万多元。
The village is clean and there are more tourists. Since 2002, Gala Village has held the "Linzhi Peach Blossom Cultural Tourism Festival" every year. As the main venue of the "Peach Blossom Festival", it received 140,000 tourists in 2021, with an operating income of more than 4.6 million yuan and an average dividend of nearly 100,000 yuan per household. The income of villagers has also increased from 13,000 yuan per capita in 2015 to more than 35,000 yuan now.
莲花圣地，秘境墨脱。位于喜马拉雅山脉南麓、地处雅鲁藏布大峡谷深处的墨脱县，被誉为“世界植物博物馆”和“世界生物基因库”，拥有南迦巴瓦峰和雅鲁藏布江果果塘大拐弯等众多著名旅游景点。
Lotus Holy Land, Secret Land Medog. Medog County, located at the southern foot of the Himalayas and deep in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, is known as the "World Botanical Museum" and the "World Biological Gene Bank", and has many famous tourist attractions such as Namcha Barwa and Great Bend in Guoguo Pond of Yarlung Zangbo River.
“我们结合墨脱资源禀赋和地理气候条件，近年鲜明提出了打造‘三香一链’的农旅融合发展思路。”广东援藏干部、墨脱县委常务副书记叶敏坚解释说，“三香”就是立足于绿色产业的茶香、稻香、果香打造的旅游经济带，“一链”则是雅鲁藏布江特色农业产品链。
"We combine Medog's resource endowment and geographical and climatic conditions. In recent years, we have clearly put forward the idea of integrating agriculture and tourism to create a 'Three Fragrances and One Chain'." Ye Minjian, a Guangdong aid cadre and executive deputy secretary of Medog County Committee, explained that "Three Fragrances" is a tourism economic belt based on tea, rice and fruit fragrance of green industry, while "One Chain" is a characteristic agricultural product chain of Yarlung Zangbo River.
背崩乡格林村，是一个临着雅鲁藏布江的门巴族村落。站在格林达帕山上环顾四周，远处的南迦巴瓦云遮雾罩，多雄拉、德阳拉、鲁霞拉等山峰层峦叠嶂，如盛开的莲花环绕四周。
Green Village in Beibeng Township is a Menba village facing the Yarlung Zangbo River. Standing on Grindapa Mountain and looking around, the distant Nanjiabawa clouds are covered with fog, and the peaks such as Duoxiongla, Deyangla and Luxiala are overlapping, like blooming lotus flowers.
村外，山坡梯田上的茶园一片翠绿，临近清明，村民一边忙着采茶前的准备，一边抓紧整修山路，山顶的观景台也在紧张施工中。
Outside the village, the tea garden on the terraced fields on the hillside is green, near Qingming Festival. While the villagers are busy preparing for tea picking, they pay close attention to renovating the mountain road, and the observation deck on the top of the mountain is under intense construction.
村里，桃花掩映，屋舍俨然，57岁的次久卓玛正品尝着“生态饭”的香甜。去年，她将家里的空房间拿出来打造家庭民宿，今年新开业还没俩月，已经迎来不少慕名来格林村观光旅游的各地游客。
In the village, the peach blossoms are shaded and the houses are just like each other. Zhuo Ma, 57, is tasting the sweetness of "ecological rice". Last year, she took out the vacant room in her family to build a family homestay. It has not been two months since it opened this year, and many tourists from all over the world have come to Green Village for sightseeing.
“260元一间，还得提前十天半个月预订。”格林村驻村工作队队长黄家斌说，只待全国疫情防控形势好转，“到时候村里又有的忙了。”
"One in 260 yuan has to be booked ten days and a half in advance." Huang Jiabin, captain of the Green Village Resident Team, said that only when the national epidemic prevention and control situation improves, "the village will be busy again."
近年来，林芝市生态旅游业快速发展，2021年接待游客突破1000万人次，实现旅游收入83亿余元。
In recent years, the eco-tourism industry in Linzhi has developed rapidly. In 2021, it received more than 10 million tourists and realized tourism income of more than 8.3 billion yuan.
优质化生态
Quality ecology
“雪山林海、云涛彩霞、一岭四季、十里九景。”巴宜区鲁朗镇，20多年前长期是国营林场，随着上世纪末西藏全面禁伐，鲁朗镇加快转变发展方式，集中发展生态旅游产业。2017年，在广东的对口支援下，鲁朗国际旅游小镇开始营业。
"Snow-capped mountains and forests, clouds and rosy clouds, one ridge and four seasons, and ten miles and nine scenes." Lulang Town, Bayi District, was a state-owned forest farm for a long time more than 20 years ago. With the comprehensive logging ban in Tibet at the end of last century, Lulang Town accelerated the transformation of its development mode and concentrated on the development of eco-tourism industry. In 2017, with the counterpart support from Guangdong, Lulang International Tourism Town opened for business.
进入镇子，路旁的污水处理厂最为显眼。鲁朗景区管委会主任旺堆介绍，这座总投资超2500万元的污水处理厂，正是为了实现小镇“零排放”的目标，同时配套的生活垃圾处理设施、景观工程等环保设施。
Entering the town, the roadside sewage treatment plant is the most conspicuous. Wang Dui, director of Lulang Scenic Area Management Committee, said that this sewage treatment plant with a total investment of over 25 million yuan is precisely to achieve the goal of "zero emission" in the town, and at the same time, it is equipped with domestic garbage treatment facilities, landscape engineering and other environmental protection facilities.
投资虽然巨大，但在旺堆看来这笔钱政府投得划算，“良好的生态环境是鲁朗镇百姓富起来的家底，只有高标准建设了垃圾转运站、污水处理厂等环保设施，并制定严格的规章制度，小镇的运维才能确保不给环境造成负担。”
Although the investment is huge, in Wangdui's view, the government has invested this money cost-effectively. "A good ecological environment is the home for the people in Lulang Town to get rich. Only environmental protection facilities such as garbage transfer stations and sewage treatment plants have been built with high standards, and strict rules and regulations have been formulated. The operation and maintenance of the town can ensure that it does not impose a burden on the environment."
不只在鲁朗小镇，环保自觉意识已深入林芝各地的发展。波密县城向西，318国道南侧，一个高标准的覆膜式垃圾填埋场正在改造建设中。从当地经济建设和旅游业发展前景出发，波密县未雨绸缪建设高标准垃圾处理设施。在广州的对口支援下，这个填埋场不仅对土壤和地下水不造成污染，也初步实现了无异味，周边群众生产生活基本不受其影响。
Not only in Lulang Town, but also in Linzhi. To the west of Bomi County and to the south of National Highway 318, a high-standard coated landfill is under reconstruction and construction. Starting from the prospect of local economic construction and tourism development, Bomi County has taken precautions to build high-standard garbage disposal facilities. With the counterpart support from Guangzhou, this landfill not only does not pollute the soil and groundwater, but also initially realizes no peculiar smell, and the production and life of the surrounding people are basically not affected by it.
怒江峡谷，乱石嶙峋，这个狭长的干旱地带，放眼皆是灰褐色，绿色是这里的稀缺资源。但在察隅县察瓦龙乡的许多山坡上，不时却能看到连片的仙人掌和石榴树，给这个峡谷带来了不少生机。
Nujiang Gorge, with rugged rocks, is a long and narrow arid zone, which is gray-brown everywhere, and green is a scarce resource here. However, on many hillsides in Cha Huaron Township, Chayu County, contiguous cactus and pomegranate trees can be seen from time to time, which brings a lot of vitality to this canyon.
仙人掌是天然的，长期生长后居然长成了树。“我们这里仙人掌连片成林，如今从云南过来的游客越来越多，经常有人停下车在仙人掌林旁边拍照。”察瓦龙乡左布村党支部书记仁青次仁言谈中颇有些自豪。
Cactus is natural, and it has grown into a tree after long-term growth. "We have cactus forests here. Nowadays, there are more and more tourists coming from Yunnan. People often stop their cars and take pictures next to the cactus forest." Renqing Tsering, secretary of the Party branch of Zuobu Village, Huaron Township, is quite proud in his speech.
石榴树是近年种下的，察隅县人大副主任、察瓦龙乡党委书记吴明军说，以前村民只是在房前屋后种石榴，2018年开始，乡里结合脱贫攻坚和生态修复，逐步打造了独具特色的石榴种植基地，如今软籽石榴种植达28.91万棵6400余亩，待石榴进入丰产期，预计总产量3000吨、产值可达3690万元，可实现全乡人均增收约5700元。
Pomegranate trees were planted in recent years, Wu Mingjun, deputy director of Chayu County People's Congress and secretary of Cha Huaron Township Party Committee, said, In the past, villagers only planted pomegranates in front of and behind the house. Since 2018, the village has gradually built a unique pomegranate planting base in combination with poverty alleviation and ecological restoration. Now, 289,100 soft-seeded pomegranates are planted with more than 6,400 acres. When pomegranates enter the high-yield period, the estimated total output is 3,000 tons, the output value can reach 36.9 million yuan, and the per capita income of the township can be increased by about 5,700 yuan.
因树而兴，因树而生。今年，林芝市计划完成国土绿化总面积2万亩以上，其中重点生态修复项目造林1.55万亩以上。未来，林芝将继续加大对重点区域生态系统的修复力度，开展江河交汇段面山生态修复等一批生态修复造林工程，着力提高生态系统的质量和稳定性。
Prosperous because of trees, born because of trees. This year, Linzhi City plans to complete more than 20,000 mu of land greening, including more than 15,500 mu of afforestation in key ecological restoration projects. In the future, Linzhi will continue to intensify the restoration of ecosystems in key areas, and carry out a number of ecological restoration and afforestation projects such as ecological restoration of Mianshan at the intersection of rivers, so as to improve the quality and stability of ecosystems.
“生态是林芝的最大资源、最大优势和最亮丽底色。推进绿色低碳发展，我们有潜力更有优势。”在刚刚过去的全国两会上，全国政协委员、林芝市委书记敖刘全态度坚定。
"Ecology is Linzhi's biggest resource, biggest advantage and brightest background. To promote green and low-carbon development, we have the potential to have more advantages." At the National People's Congress just past, Ao Liuquan, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and secretary of Linzhi Municipal Party Committee, had a firm attitude.
“人间净地、醉美林芝”，林芝多年前提出的这个响亮口号，为这里的发展规划出美好愿景，为此后发展指明前进方向。实践证明，唯有以守护好这里的生灵草木、万水千山为根基，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，林芝的环境才会越来越美，林芝的群众才会越来越幸福，人与自然和谐共生的现代化之路才会越走越宽、越走越远。
"The world is clean, drunk and beautiful in Linzhi", a resounding slogan put forward by Linzhi many years ago, has planned a beautiful vision for the development here and pointed out the way forward for the future development. Practice has proved that the environment in Linzhi will become more and more beautiful, the people in Linzhi will become happier and happier, and the modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature will become wider and farther, only by taking the protection of the living things, vegetation and Qian Shan here as the foundation and unswervingly taking the road of ecological priority and green development.
