低碳能源新思路？二氧化碳和氢合成汽油是黑科技，还是哗众取宠

New ideas for low-carbon energy? Is carbon dioxide and hydrogen synthetic gasoline black technology or grandstanding?

2022年3月4日，由中国科学院大连化学物理研究所和珠海市福沺能源科技有限公司联合开发的全球首套1000吨/年二氧化碳加氢制汽油中试装置，近日在山东邹城工业园区开车成功，生产出符合国VI标准的清洁汽油产品。

On March 4, 2022, the world's first 1000-ton/year carbon dioxide hydrogenation gasoline pilot plant jointly developed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zhuhai Fuling Energy Technology Co., Ltd. was successfully opened in Zoucheng Industrial Park, Shandong Province, and clean gasoline products conforming to national VI standards were produced.

而且该技术在上海通过了由中国石油和化学工业联合会组织的科技成果评价。评价专家组专家一致认为，该技术成果属世界首创，整体技术处于国际领先水平，同意通过科技成果评价。

Moreover, the technology passed the evaluation of scientific and technological achievements organized by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation in Shanghai. Experts of the evaluation expert group agreed that the technological achievement is the first in the world, and the overall technology is at the international leading level, and agreed to pass the evaluation of scientific and technological achievements.

很多人认为中国终于研究出了一项黑科技，未来全球温室效应以及石油短缺等问题都会迎刃而解。

Many people think that China has finally developed a black technology, and the global greenhouse effect and oil shortage will be solved in the future.

温室效应和能源问题一直是困扰全球发展的一个问题，甚至关乎着人类未来的发展。尤其是对于我国来说，每年消耗的能源非常庞大，而目前我国的石油严重依赖进口，比如2021年我国石油进口量超过5.1亿吨，原油进口依赖度达到70%以上，石油严重依赖进口其实存在很多不确定性，万一某一天被切断石油运输对国内的整体影响是比较大的。

The greenhouse effect and energy issues have always been a problem that plagues global development, and even concerns the future development of mankind. Especially for my country, the annual energy consumption is very large, and my country's oil is currently heavily dependent on imports. For example, in 2021, my country's oil imports exceeded 0.51 billion tons, and the dependence on crude oil imports reached more than 70%. There is actually a lot of uncertainty about the heavy dependence on imports of oil. In case the oil transportation is cut off one day, the overall impact on the country is relatively large.

几十年来，为了解决能源的问题，包括我国科技人员在内，全球科技人员一直在想尽各种方法去解决温室效应和能源问题。但是按照人类目前掌握的技术，想要完全解决温室效应和能源问题，短期内是不可能实现的。

For decades, in order to solve the energy problem, including Chinese scientific and technological personnel, global scientific and technological personnel have been trying various methods to solve the greenhouse effect and energy problems. However, according to the technology currently mastered by mankind, it is impossible to completely solve the greenhouse effect and energy problems in the short term.

从大连化物所介绍的这些技术来看，如果未来真的能够量产了，对解决温室效应和能源问题确实会起到很好的作用。

Judging from these technologies introduced by Dalian Chemical, if mass production can be achieved in the future, it will indeed play a very good role in solving the greenhouse effect and energy problems.

我们先简单来了解一下这项技术的基本情况。

Let's first briefly understand the basic situation of this technology.

实际上这项技术并不是最近才在研究，早在2017年的时候，大连化物所就开始进行研究了。

In fact, this technology has not been studied recently. As early as 2017, Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology began to conduct research.

2017年，由大连化物所碳资源小分子与氢能利用创新特区研究组孙剑、葛庆杰、位健等人组成的研究团队开发了二氧化碳加氢制汽油技术，该研究成果发表在《自然-通讯》(Nature Communications)上，被誉为“CO2催化转化领域的突破性进展”，当时还被《自然》(Nature)杂志选为研究亮点。

In 2017, a research team composed of Sun Jian, Ge Qingjie, Wei Jian and others from the Research Group of Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology's Carbon Resources Small Molecules and Hydrogen Energy Utilization Innovation Zone developed the technology of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to gasoline. The research results were published in "Nature-Communication" (Nature Communications), known as "breakthrough progress in the field of CO2 catalytic conversion", and was also selected as a research highlight by Nature magazine at that time.

单纯从这点来看，这项技术还是得到世界权威杂志认可的。

From this point of view alone, this technology is still recognized by the world's authoritative magazines.

根据大连化物所负责人的介绍，这项技术可实现二氧化碳和氢的转化率达到95%，汽油在所有含碳产物中的选择性优于85%，显著降低了原料氢和二氧化碳的单耗，整体工艺能耗较低，生成的汽油产品环保清洁，经第三方检测，辛烷值超过90，馏程和组成均符合国VI标准。

According to the introduction of the person in charge of Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology, this technology can achieve the conversion rate of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to reach 95%. The selectivity of gasoline in all carbon-containing products is better than that of 85%, which significantly reduces the unit consumption of raw material hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The process energy consumption is low, and the generated gasoline products are environmentally friendly and clean. After third-party testing, the octane number exceeds 90, and the distillation range and composition.

而大连化物所解决二氧化碳和氢转化成汽油的技术难题主要是靠一种特殊的催化剂。

However, Dalian Chemical Co., Ltd. mainly relies on a special catalyst to solve the technical problem of converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into gasoline.

研究团队设计了一种高效稳定的Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5多功能复合催化剂，这种复合催化剂有三大优点。

The research team designed an efficient and stable Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 multifunctional composite catalyst, which has three advantages.

第一个是，在接近工业生产的条件下，该催化剂实现了甲烷和一氧化碳的低选择性，烃类产物中汽油馏分烃（C5-C11）的选择性达到78%，有利于大规模生产；

The first is that under the conditions close to industrial production, the catalyst achieves low selectivity of methane and carbon monoxide, and the selectivity of gasoline fraction hydrocarbons (C5-C11) in hydrocarbon products reaches 78%, which is conducive to large-scale production;

第二个是，这种方法生产的汽油排放能满足环保要求，汽油馏分主要为高辛烷值的异构烷烃和芳烃，基本满足国V标准对苯、芳烃和烯烃的组成要求；

The second is that the gasoline emissions produced by this method can meet environmental protection requirements. The gasoline fraction is mainly high-octane isoparaffins and aromatics, which basically meet the composition requirements of the national V standard for benzene, aromatics and olefins;

第三个是，这种催化剂具有较好的稳定性，可连续稳定运转1000小时以上，显示出潜在的应用前景。

The third is that the catalyst has good stability and can run continuously and stably for more than 1000 hours, showing potential application prospects.

正因为这种催化剂的优越性，所以将它应用在二氧化碳和氢转化成汽油上面，期望实现较大规模的生产。

Because of the advantages of this catalyst, it is applied to the conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into gasoline, and it is expected to achieve larger-scale production.

该技术历经实验室小试、催化剂吨级放大制备等过程，于2020年在山东邹城工业园区建设完成了千吨级中试装置，并陆续实现了投料试车、正式运行以及工业侧线数据优化，最终实现了年产1,000吨的目标，而且未来将朝着万吨级的目标推进。

The technology has gone through laboratory trials, catalyst ton-level amplification, and preparation processes, and completed the construction of a thousand-ton pilot plant in Shandong Zoucheng Industrial Park in 2020, and successively realized commissioning, formal operation and industrial side line data optimization, and finally achieved the goal of 1,000 tons per year, and will advance towards the goal of 10,000 tons in the future.

二氧化碳和氢合成汽油到底是真正的黑科技，还是哗众取宠？

Is carbon dioxide and hydrogen synthetic gasoline a real black technology or grandstanding?

过去几十年人类一直在寻找解决能源的办法，而且经过多年的研究之后，目前确实掌握了一些合成汽油的办法，比如将煤转化成石油，目前是具有可行性的，我国每年煤制油产量就达到1,000万吨左右的规模。

In the past few decades, human beings have been looking for solutions to energy, and after years of research, they have indeed mastered some methods of synthetic gasoline, such as converting coal into oil, which is currently feasible. my country's annual coal-to-oil production It reaches a scale of about 10 million tons.

当然除了煤制油等一些技术之外，氢能源最近几年也越来越得到大家的重视，目前氢能源的应用还是比较广泛的，比如我国已经有不少氢能源汽车，这些氢能源汽车主要应用在运输领域。

Of course, in addition to some technologies such as coal-to-liquid, hydrogen energy has also received more and more attention in recent years. At present, the application of hydrogen energy is still relatively extensive. For example, there are already many hydrogen energy vehicles in my country. These hydrogen energy vehicles are mainly used. In the field of transportation.

只不过目前的氢能汽车制氢，需要到加氢站加氢才可以，而且加氢的成本相对比较高昂，并不具备大范围推广的意义。

However, the current hydrogen production by hydrogen vehicles requires hydrogenation at the hydrogenation station, and the cost of hydrogenation is relatively high, which does not have the significance of large-scale promotion.

但是前几年就有一些厂家号称可以直接把水变氢，也就是给汽车加水，就可以直接生成氢能开在路上。

However, a few years ago, some manufacturers claimed to be able to directly convert water into hydrogen, that is, adding water to cars can directly generate hydrogen and drive on the road.

比如之前浙江青年汽车就号称掌握了水变氢的技术，当时还引起了大家的广泛关注，甚至有不少地方拿出大片土地跟他们合作，但后来事实证明，这只不过是一项彻头彻尾的忽悠技术而已。

For example, Zhejiang Youth Automobile claimed to have mastered the technology of water-to-hydrogen. At that time, it also attracted widespread attention. Many places even took out large tracts of land to cooperate with them, but later facts proved that this was just an out-and-out Fudge technology.

那二氧化碳和氢制油有没有可能类似水变氢一样，其实就是一个忽悠技术呢？

Is it possible that carbon dioxide and hydrogen making oil is similar to water changing to hydrogen, which is actually a fool technology?

首先可以肯定的是二氧化碳和氢确实可以炼油，这并不是忽悠技术，但目前这项技术更多地局限于实验阶段，离量产还有很大的距离，而且即便未来能够量产了，但是是否具备大规模推广还是个问号，这里面最关键的问题就是原料的成本问题。

First of all, it is certain that carbon dioxide and hydrogen can indeed be refined. This is not a flicker technology, but at present this technology is more limited to the experimental stage, and there is still a long way to go from mass production, and even if mass production can be achieved in the future, But whether there is a large-scale promotion is still a question mark. The most critical issue here is the cost of raw materials.

二氧化碳和氢合成汽油最主要的原料就是二氧化碳和氢。

Carbon dioxide and hydrogen are the main raw materials for the synthesis of gasoline.

这两样东西在自然界当中存量非常庞大，比如空气当中到处都是二氧化碳，很多发电厂排出来的也是二氧化碳，汽车尾气排出来的也有二氧化碳。

The stock of these two things in nature is very large. For example, the air is full of carbon dioxide, many power plants emit carbon dioxide, and automobile exhaust also emits carbon dioxide.

氢那就更不用说了，水就是由氢和氧构成，而全球储量最大的就是水，所以氢可以说是取之不尽用之不绝。

Not to mention hydrogen, water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, and the world's largest reserves are water, so hydrogen can be said to be inexhaustible.

但问题是，不论是二氧化碳还是氢的制备成本都是比较高的，虽然空气当中二氧化碳很多，但如何把二氧化碳跟其他物质分离出来，得到纯正的二氧化碳，这需要花费很大的成本。

But the problem is that the preparation cost of both carbon dioxide and hydrogen is relatively high. Although there is a lot of carbon dioxide in the air, how to separate carbon dioxide from other substances to obtain pure carbon dioxide requires a lot of cost.

氢的制作成本就更加高昂，氢制造过程需要耗费大量的能源，这也是为什么目前氢能源没法得到大范围推广的重要原因。

The production cost of hydrogen is even higher, and the hydrogen manufacturing process requires a lot of energy, which is also an important reason why hydrogen energy cannot be widely promoted.

当然随着技术的不断进步，目前人类已经掌握了大规模制氢的技术，而且制氢的成本也在不断下降，而且现在已经有一些国家研发出利用太阳能大规模制氢的技术，如果未来这种技术能够得到全面推广，那获取廉价的氢气将变成现实。

Of course, with the continuous progress of technology, human beings have mastered the technology of large-scale hydrogen production, and the cost of hydrogen production is also declining. Moreover, some countries have developed the technology of large-scale hydrogen production using solar energy. If this technology can be fully promoted in the future, it will become a reality to obtain cheap hydrogen.

但问题来了，假如未来某一天人类真的能够掌握大规模低成本制氢的技术，那完全可以直接用氢能带动汽车，这样不用产生二氧化氮，实现0排放，那还有必要多一个步骤把氢和二氧化碳合成汽油吗？

However, the problem arises. If one day in the future, human beings can really master the technology of large-scale and low-cost hydrogen production, it is completely possible to directly use hydrogen energy to drive cars, so as not to produce nitrogen dioxide and achieve zero emissions. Is it necessary to take one more step to synthesize hydrogen and carbon dioxide into gasoline?

所以二氧化碳和氢合成汽油这种技术是否具有现实意义，值得考虑。

Therefore, it is worth considering whether the technology of synthesizing gasoline with carbon dioxide and hydrogen has practical significance.