科学绿化 | 科学绿化，陕西这么干
Scientific greening, scientific greening, Shaanxi does so
近年来，来过陕西的人不禁感叹，陕西变绿、变美了。摊开2022年陕西林草覆盖图，从北向南，由浅绿到深绿，诉说着陕西把国土绘成丹青的生态故事。
In recent years, people who have visited Shaanxi can not help but sigh that Shaanxi has become green and beautiful. Spread out the 2022 forest and grass cover map of Shaanxi, from north to south, from light green to dark green, telling the ecological story of Shaanxi's land painted as Danqing.
陕西最北端的榆林，地处毛乌素沙地和黄土高原过渡地带，生态脆弱。通过多年科学治沙，860万亩流动沙地得到固定、半固定，沙区植被覆盖度高达60%，实现从“沙进人退”到“绿进沙退”的转变。
Yulin, the northernmost part of Shaanxi Province, is located in the transition zone between Mu Us sandy land and Loess Plateau. Through years of scientific sand control, 8.6 million mu of mobile sandy land has been fixed or semi-fixed, and the vegetation coverage in the sandy area is as high as 60%, realizing the transformation from "sand advancing and human retreating" to "green advancing and sand retreating".
延安地处黄土高原沟壑区，曾是黄河流域水土流失最严重的地区之一。作为全国退耕还林还草的策源地，延安自1999年起持之以恒实施退耕还林还草等生态修复工程，如今全市森林覆盖率达到53.1%，植被覆盖度达到81.3%，以陕北为核心的黄土高原地区成为全国增绿幅度最大的区域之一。
Yan 'an is located in the gully region of the Loess Plateau and used to be one of the most serious areas of soil and water loss in the Yellow River Basin. As the source of returning farmland to forest or grassland in China, Yan 'an has been carrying out ecological restoration projects such as returning farmland to forest or grassland since 1999. Now, the forest coverage rate of the whole city has reached 53.1%, and the vegetation coverage rate has reached 81.3%. The Loess Plateau region with northern Shaanxi as the core has become one of the regions with the largest green increase in China.
西安、咸阳、宝鸡、铜川、渭南和杨凌，地处关中平原，是陕西人眼中的“白菜心”。多年来通过实施城市森林化、城镇园林化、村庄林荫化、渠路林带化、农田林网化、河流湿地景观生态化、出入境口优美化、荒山荒坡全面绿化等生态修复工程，构建起“城镇森林绿地建点、乡村田园花果飘香、道路水系林网连片、百里川原绿荫成带、环山周边景观扩面”的园林化生态体系。
Xi 'an, Xianyang, Baoji, Tongchuan, Weinan and Yangling, located in the Guanzhong Plain, are the "cabbage hearts" in the eyes of Shaanxi people. Over the years, through the implementation of urban forest, urban garden, village shade, channel and road forest zone, farmland forest network, river wetland landscape ecology, exit and entry beautification, barren hills and slopes of comprehensive greening and other ecological restoration projects, A garden ecological system of "urban forest green space, rural flowers, flowers and incense, road and river network, the original green shade belt of hundred rivers, and landscape expansion around the mountain" has been constructed.
陕西南部汉中、安康、商洛三市，地处秦巴山区，森林覆盖率分别为63.79%、68%、69.56%，所见之处皆为绿色。良好的森林植被，让生物多样性得到充分保护。秦岭大熊猫野外种群增幅、密度居全国之首。通过多年的保护，朱鹮由2012年的1300余只发展壮大到7000余只，金丝猴、羚牛种群数量均超过5000只，秦岭北麓发现超万株野生蕙兰种群，秦岭红豆杉迁地保护顺利推进。
The three cities of Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo in the south of Shaanxi Province are located in the Qinba Mountain area, with forest coverage rates of 63.79%, 68% and 69.56% respectively, and all of them are green. Good forest vegetation, so that biodiversity is fully protected. The wild population growth and density of giant pandas in Qinling Mountains rank first in China. After years of protection, the number of crested ibis has grown from more than 1,300 in 2012 to more than 7000, and the number of golden monkeys and takins has both exceeded 5000. More than 10,000 wild Cymbidiums have been found in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, and the ex situ protection of Taxus chinensis has been successfully promoted.
近10年来，陕西累计新造林4532万亩、退化林修复和森林抚育3582万亩。全省森林覆盖率增加近4个百分点，达到45%以上，森林蓄积增加1.1亿立方米，达到5.67亿立方米。全省义务植树累计参与人数达1.48亿人次，栽植苗木7.89亿株。
In recent 10 years, Shaanxi has accumulated 45.32 million mu of new afforestation, 35.82 million mu of degraded forest restoration and forest tending. The province's forest coverage rate increased by nearly 4 percentage points to over 45%, and the forest volume increased by 110 million cubic meters to 567 million cubic meters. The cumulative number of participants in voluntary tree planting in the province reached 148 million, and 789 million seedlings were planted.
三秦大地正向深绿迈出坚实步伐，而这些成果得益于陕西科学推进国土绿化。
The land of Sanqin is taking solid steps towards dark green, and these achievements benefit from Shaanxi's scientific promotion of land greening.
2022年4月6日，省总林长会议召开，对各级党委政府抓林业、兴林草、兴生态提出明确要求，就各级有关部门协同配合、齐抓共管，科学推进国土绿化高质量发展等作出安排部署。
On April 6, 2022, a meeting of provincial forest chiefs was held. The meeting set clear requirements for Party committees and governments at all levels to improve forestry, forestry and ecology, and made arrangements for the coordination and joint management of relevant departments at all levels, and the scientific promotion of high-quality development of land greening.
在省委、省政府的高位推动下，陕西持续实施退耕还林还草、防护林体系建设、天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等生态工程，接续推进生态空间绿色革命。党的十八大以来，国土绿化由造林为主向营造并重转变，封山育林、退化林修复、森林抚育占比逐渐提升，人工种草和种草改良成为国土绿化的重要内容。
With the promotion of the provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, Shaanxi continues to carry out ecological projects such as returning farmland to forest or grassland, building a shelter-forest system, protecting natural forests, and controlling the sources of sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin, and continues to promote the green revolution in ecological space. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), afforestation has shifted from afforestation to both construction and cultivation. The proportion of closed mountains for afforestation, degraded forest restoration, and forest tending has gradually increased. Artificial grass planting and grass planting improvement have become an important part of national afforestation.
开展大规模国土绿化的同时，陕西坚持身边增绿，把森林城市创建和森林乡村建设作为推进全省城乡造林绿化和生态建设的重要举措。自2009年起，宝鸡、西安、延安、安康、榆林、汉中、商洛先后成功创建国家森林城市。全省45个县（市、区）成功创建省级森林城市，300个行政村成为国家森林乡村，1500个行政村完成森林乡村建设。宝鸡、安康、铜川、咸阳被评为全国绿化模范城市。
While carrying out large-scale land afforestation, Shaanxi adheres to the greening around, and takes the creation of forest city and the construction of forest countryside as important measures to promote the afforestation and ecological construction in urban and rural areas of the province. Since 2009, Baoji, Xi 'an, Yan 'an, Ankang, Yulin, Hanzhong and Shangluo have successfully established national forest cities. Provincial-level forest cities have been established in 45 counties (cities and districts), 300 administrative villages have become national forest villages, and 1,500 administrative villages have been constructed as forest villages. Baoji, Ankang, Tongchuan and Xianyang were rated as national model cities for greening.
2022年，国家林业和草原局下达陕西造林绿化任务544.5万亩，任务量为全国第一。陕西未来造林绿化空间主要分布在毛乌素沙地、白于山区、关中北山、黄河西岸、秦岭北麓等区域，多为裸土地、岩石裸露地和盐碱地，这些地方气候干旱、立地条件差，是国土绿化难啃的“硬骨头”。
In 2022, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau issued 5.445 million mu of afforestation tasks in Shaanxi, ranking first in China. The future afforestation space in Shaanxi is mainly distributed in Maowusu Sandy Land, Baiyu Mountain Area, Guanzhong Beishan Mountain, the west bank of the Yellow River, the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, etc. Most of them are bare land, bare rock land and saline-alkali land. These places have arid climate and poor site conditions, which are hard bones for land greening.
为此，陕西作出应对之策：落实秦岭、黄河、长江三个生态空间治理“十大行动”，分区域推进科学绿化。
Therefore, Shaanxi has made countermeasures: implementing the "Ten Actions" of ecological space management in Qinling Mountains, Yellow River and Yangtze River, and promoting scientific greening in different regions.
秦岭绿化以调结构、提质量为主，加强生态保护修复，增强生态系统服务功能；黄河流域是科学绿化主阵地，坚持增绿扩绿；长江流域绿化以提质增效、系统治理为主，开展“健康森林”建设，提高森林生态系统稳定性和碳汇能力。在具体实施上坚持以水定绿，宜林则林、宜草则草、宜荒则荒，合理确定树种和栽植密度，充分考虑生态人居体验。
The greening of Qinling Mountains should focus on structural adjustment and quality improvement, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and enhance ecosystem services. The Yellow River basin is the main position of scientific greening, insisting on increasing green and expanding green; The greening of the Yangtze River Basin should focus on improving quality and efficiency and systematic management, and the construction of "healthy forests" should be carried out to improve the stability of forest ecosystems and the capacity of carbon sequestration. In the concrete implementation, we adhere to the principle of water for green, forest for forest, grass for grass, and waste for wilderness, rationally determine tree species and planting density, and give full consideration to ecological habitat experience.
科学绿化只有起点，没有终点。陕西将持续推进科学绿化，让三秦大地更绿更美。（赵侠 杜扶阳）
Scientific greening has only a starting point and no end point. Shaanxi will continue to promote scientific greening to make the land of Sanqin greener and more beautiful. (Zhao Xia Du Fuyang)
