荒漠化防治的中国道路

China's Road to Desertification Control

绿意盎然、林草葱郁，牧草青青、牛羊肥壮。

Full of green, lush forest and grass, green grass, cattle and sheep fat.

被喻为“死亡之海”的库布其沙漠已成为全球荒漠化防治的典范；一度严重沙化的科尔沁草原重披绿装；曾经“不毛之地”毛乌素沙地，筑起了祖国北疆的“绿色长城”；昔日“狂风一起，黄沙漫天”的内蒙古多伦县，已成为京津冀地区避暑胜地……

Kubuqi Desert, known as the "Sea of Death", has become a model of global desertification control. Horqin grassland, once severely desertified, was heavily covered with green clothes. The "Great Green Wall" in the northern border of the motherland was built in Mu Us Sandy Land, once a "barren land". Duolun County in Inner Mongolia, which used to be "full of wind and yellow sand", has become a summer resort in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region...

中国荒漠化防治，创造了无数生态奇迹！

Desertification control in China has created numerous ecological miracles!

联合国秘书长古特雷斯曾这样评价：中国率先在世界范围内实现了土地退化“零增长”，荒漠化土地和沙化土地面积“双减少”，为全球实现联合国2030年土地退化零增长目标作出了巨大贡献。

UN Secretary General Guterres once commented that China has taken the lead in achieving "zero growth" in land degradation worldwide and "double reduction" in the area of desertified land and desertified land, making great contributions to the global realization of the UN's 2030 goal of zero growth in land degradation.

从“沙进人退”到“绿进沙退”，中国荒漠化防治取得了哪些成功经验？成就背后，又有怎样的核心密码？

What successful experiences has China achieved in desertification control from "sand entering and retreating" to "green entering and retreating"? What kind of core password is behind the achievements?

科学思想引领

Scientific thought guidance

“荒漠化防治是关系人类永续发展的伟大事业”，“面向未来，中国愿同各方一道，坚持走绿色发展之路，共筑生态文明之基，携手推进全球环境治理保护，为建设美丽清洁的世界作出积极贡献”。在致第七届库布其国际沙漠论坛的贺信中，习近平总书记用“伟大事业”、“生态文明之基”定位荒漠化防治工作，凸显了荒漠化防治的基础性和战略性地位。党的十八大以来，在习近平生态文明思想的指引下，我国荒漠化防治工作开辟了新境界、迈上了新台阶。

"Desertification control is a great cause for the sustainable development of mankind", "Looking to the future, China is willing to work with all parties, adhere to the path of green development, build the foundation of ecological civilization, join hands to promote global environmental governance and protection, and make positive contributions to building a beautiful and clean world ". In his congratulatory letter to the 7th Kubuqi International Desert Forum, General Secretary Xi Jinping used the words "great cause" and "foundation of ecological civilization" to position desertification control work, highlighting the fundamental and strategic status of desertification control. Since the 18th Party Congress, under the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization, China's desertification control work has opened up a new horizon and stepped up to a new level.

——“人与自然和谐共生”的不懈追求

-The Unremitting Pursuit of "Harmonious Coexistence between Man and Nature"

“40多年前，我在中国西部黄土高原上的一个小村庄劳动生活多年，当时那个地区的生态环境曾因过度开发而受到严重破坏，老百姓生活也陷于贫困。我从那时起就认识到，人与自然是生命共同体，对自然的伤害最终会伤及人类自己。”2020年1月，在给世界大学气候变化联盟的学生代表回信中，习近平总书记提到自己青年时代对“人与自然关系”的深刻思考。

"More than 40 years ago, I worked and lived in a small village on the Loess Plateau in western China for many years. At that time, the ecological environment in that area was seriously damaged by over-exploitation and the lives of the common people were also in poverty. Since then, I have realized that human beings and nature are the community of life, and the harm to nature will eventually hurt human beings themselves." In January 2020, in a reply to the student representatives of the World University Climate Change Alliance, General Secretary Xi Jinping mentioned his profound thinking on the "relationship between man and nature" in his youth.

生态环境是人类生存和发展的根基，生态环境变化直接影响文明兴衰演替。习近平总书记曾多次用古代埃及衰落、楼兰文明湮灭等古今中外的案例警示：人类在同自然的互动中生产、生活、发展，人类善待自然，自然也会馈赠人类，但“如果说人靠科学和创造性天才征服了自然力，那么自然力也对人进行报复”。

Ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development. Changes in ecological environment directly affect the rise and fall of civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has warned many times with ancient, modern, Chinese and foreign cases such as the decline of ancient Egypt and the annihilation of Loulan civilization: human beings produce, live and develop in their interaction with nature. Human beings treat nature well and nature will also give gifts to human beings. However, "if human beings conquer natural forces by scientific and creative genius, then natural forces will also retaliate against human beings."

通过20年的生态建设，内蒙古多伦县森林覆盖率由2000年的6.8%提高到现在的37.9%；项目区林草综合植被盖度由2000年的不足30%提高到现在的85%以上，实现了由“沙中找绿”到“绿中找沙”的历史性巨变。图为2020年7月25日，第十四届环多伦湖公路自行车赛在多伦县举行。 内蒙古多伦县委宣传部供图

Through 20 years of ecological construction, the forest coverage rate in Duolun County, Inner Mongolia has increased from 6.8% in 2000 to 37.9% now. The comprehensive vegetation coverage of forest and grass in the project area has increased from less than 30% in 2000 to more than 85% now, realizing a historic change from "looking for green in sand" to "looking for sand in green". The picture shows that on July 25, 2020, the 14th Road Cycling Race around Lake Duolun was held in Duolun County. Inner Mongolia Duolun County Party Committee Propaganda Department for Photo

内蒙古正蓝旗，一袭秋色，染尽这片辽阔大草原。在这里，我们听到最多的两个词汇是“禁”和“平衡”。“禁”是在草原生态破坏严重区严格禁止放牧，最大程度促进草原休养生息；“平衡”指按照不同草场类型，精细核算载畜量，达到草与畜之间的动态平衡。正是靠着严格的禁牧措施，正蓝旗小扎格斯台草原林草综合植被盖度由2015年年初的不足30%提高到目前的50%以上。现如今，无论是“春季牧草返青期休牧”，还是“减羊增牛”措施，都蕴含着一个核心理念：对于自然不能只讲索取不讲投入，不能只讲发展不讲保护，要像保护眼睛一样保护赖以生存的生态环境。

Inner Mongolia Zhenglan Banner, an autumn color, dyed all this vast grassland. Here, the two words we hear most are "ban" and "balance". The "ban" is a strict ban on grazing in the grassland ecological damage area, to maximize the promotion of grassland rest and recuperation; "balance" refers to the fine accounting of livestock carrying capacity in accordance with different types of pasture, to achieve a dynamic balance between grass and livestock. It is by strict grazing ban measures, Zhenglan Banner small Zagestai grassland forest and grass comprehensive vegetation cover from the beginning of 2015 less than 30% to the current 50% or more. Nowadays, whether it is "spring pasture greening period grazing", or "reduce sheep to increase cattle" measures, are embedded in a core concept: for the natural can not only talk about the claim without input, can not only talk about development without protection, like protecting the eyes to protect the survival of the Ecological environment.

——“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生动实践

-The vivid practice of "green water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains"

山是载体，财富在林。习近平同志在《摆脱贫困》中指出，森林是水库、钱库、粮库。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次对林业工作作出指示，“发展林业是全面建成小康社会的重要内容，是生态文明建设的重要举措”，“相对于实现全面建成小康社会的目标，相对于人民群众对良好环境的期盼，我国森林无论是数量还是质量都远远不够”。

The mountain is the carrier and wealth is in the forest. Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out in "Getting Rid of Poverty" that forests are reservoirs, Qian Ku and grain depots. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly instructed forestry work that "the development of forestry is an important part of building a well-off society in an all-round way and an important measure for the construction of ecological civilization" and "compared with the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the people's expectation for a good environment, the quantity and quality of forests in our country are far from enough".

治沙和治穷是一对孪生兄弟。如果不从根本上遏制土地沙化，沙区的“穷根”就铲除不了；如果沙区老百姓的生产生活问题得不到改善，防沙治沙也长久不了。70多年来，我国坚持不懈防沙治沙，根本目的就是为了让人民过上好日子。

Sand control and poverty control are twin brothers. If the desertification of the land is not fundamentally curbed, the "poor root" of the sand area cannot be eradicated. If the production and living problems of the common people in the sand area are not improved, the prevention and control of sand will not last long. For more than 70 years, our country has persistently prevented and controlled desertification, the fundamental purpose of which is to enable the people to live a good life.

在内蒙古科左中旗希伯花镇的沙地果园里，一派繁忙的丰收景象，小小的锦绣海棠果，红火了当地老百姓的生活；奈曼旗的宝秀兰带领村民治沙6万多亩，发展绿色产业，带动整村实现脱贫；多伦县的马青春20年前在政策支持下，承包治理“五荒地”，2019年1300亩林地经确权后流转，收入达270万元。“绿水青山就是金山银山”的真理力量，在荒漠化防治的道路上一次又一次被生动诠释。

In the sandy orchard in Xibohua Town, Kezuozhong Banner, Inner Mongolia, there is a busy harvest scene and a small splendid Chinese flowering crabapple fruit, which has prospered the lives of the local people. Baoxiulan of Naiman Banner led the villagers to control more than 60,000 mu of sand, develop green industries and drive the whole village out of poverty. Ma Qingchun of Duolun County contracted to manage the "Five Wasteland" 20 years ago with the support of policies. In 2019, 1,300 mu of forest land will be transferred after the ownership is confirmed, with an income of 2.7 million yuan. The truth power of "green water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains" has been vividly interpreted over and over again on the road to desertification control.

——“功在当代、利在千秋”的伟大事业

-The Great Cause of "Achievement in the Present Age and Benefit in the Future"

每当春回大地、万物复苏之时，习近平总书记总是身体力行，坚持参加义务植树活动。总书记多次强调，造林绿化是功在当代、利在千秋的事业，要一年接着一年干，一代接着一代干，撸起袖子加油干。

Whenever spring returns to the earth and everything recovers, General Secretary Xi Jinping always takes part in voluntary tree planting activities. The General Secretary has stressed many times that afforestation and greening is a cause that will benefit the present and the future. It should be done year after year, generation after generation, and roll up your sleeves to work hard.

办好荒漠化防治这件功在当代、利在千秋的伟大事业，必须依靠严格的制度和严密的法治。2001年，《中华人民共和国防沙治沙法》出台，中国成为世界上第一个为荒漠化防治专门立法的国家。党的十八大以来，荒漠化防治的顶层设计不断完善。2015年出台的《中共中央国务院关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》中明确提出：到2020年，50%以上可治理沙化土地得到治理。2016年，《国家沙漠公园发展规划（2016—2025年）》、《沙化土地封禁保护修复制度方案》等一系列重大规划和制度方案出台。这些顶层设计，为荒漠化防治工作提供了基本遵循。

To do a good job in the great cause of desertification control, which is of great benefit to the present and the future, we must rely on strict systems and strict rule of law. In 2001, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Combating Desertification was promulgated, and China became the first country in the world to enact special legislation for combating desertification. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the top-level design for desertification control has been continuously improved. The Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization, issued in 2015, clearly states that by 2020, more than 50% of the desertified land can be controlled. In 2016, a series of major plans and institutional plans were issued, including the National Desert Park Development Plan (2016-2025) and the System Plan for Closure, Protection and Restoration of Desertified Land. These top-level designs provide basic guidelines for desertification control.

在几代人的努力下，中国实现了从“沙进人退”到“绿进沙退”的历史性转变。在遥感影像地图上，人们欣喜地看到，中国北方黄沙中动人的绿色，正由过去的一个一个点，连成一片又一片！

Thanks to the efforts of several generations, China has achieved a historic change from "sand entering and retreating" to "green entering and retreating". On the remote sensing image map, people are delighted to see that the moving green in the yellow sand in northern China is connecting one by one from the past.

总体上看，我国仍然缺林少绿、生态脆弱，仍有920个沙化县、172万多平方公里的沙化土地。越到治理后期，难度就越大、时间也更长，更加需要久久为功、不畏艰苦、善作善成。

Generally speaking, China is still short of forests and green, with fragile ecology. There are still 920 desertified counties and more than 1.72 million square kilometers of desertified land. At the later stage of governance, the more difficult it will be and the longer it will take. It will take more time to work for a long time, not afraid of hardship, and to do good deeds.

集中力量办大事的制度优势

Institutional Advantages of Concentrating on Major Events

在祖国北方辽阔的疆土上，一座绵延万里的“绿色长城”正不断延伸和扩展，这就是我国的三北工程。按照工程建设总体规划，这项工程从1978年开始到2050年结束，历时70余年，建设范围东起黑龙江、西至新疆，占我国陆地面积的42.4%。三北工程建设是同我国改革开放一起实施的重大生态工程，是生态文明建设的一个重要标志性工程。经过40多年不懈努力，三北工程建设取得巨大生态、经济、社会效益，成为全球生态治理的成功典范。

On the vast territory of the northern part of the motherland, a "Great Green Wall" stretching for thousands of miles is continuously extending and expanding. This is China's Three North Project. According to the overall construction plan of the project, the project lasted for more than 70 years from 1978 to 2050. The construction scope extends from Heilongjiang in the east to Xinjiang in the west, accounting for 42.4% of China's land area. The construction of the Three North Project is a major ecological project implemented together with China's reform and opening up, and is an important landmark project in the construction of ecological civilization. After more than 40 years of unremitting efforts, the construction of the Three North Project has achieved great ecological, economic and social benefits and has become a successful model of global ecological governance.

科尔沁沙地位于三北工程的治理区。绿海中穿行，随处可见“山水美如画，防火责任大”、“严防森林草原火灾，保护绿色发展成果”这样的防火标语。“过去没有树哪来火，现在我们科尔沁沙地开始防火了，这是以前想也不敢想的事情！”当地人感慨万千。近年来，科尔沁沙地得到有效治理，内蒙古通辽市内的科尔沁沙地森林覆盖率达到23.78%，草原综合植被盖度达到62.1%，沙尘天气显著减少。

Horqin Sandy Land is located in the management area of the Three North Project. Walking through the green sea, fire prevention slogans such as "picturesque mountains and rivers, great responsibility for fire prevention" and "prevent forest and grassland fires and protect the achievements of green development" can be seen everywhere. "In the past, there was no tree where fire came from. Now we have started to prevent fire in Horqin Sandy Land. This is something we did not dare to think about before!" The local people were deeply touched. In recent years, Horqin Sandy Land has been effectively controlled. The forest coverage rate of Horqin Sandy Land in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia has reached 23.78%, the comprehensive vegetation coverage rate of grassland has reached 62.1%, and the dust weather has been significantly reduced.

重大生态工程的实施为我国荒漠化防治筑牢了坚实根基。

The implementation of major ecological projects has laid a solid foundation for desertification control in China.

“猪上房，羊跳墙，小孩坐在房檐上，地不打粮，沙子埋房”，这是20多年前内蒙古多伦县广为流传的顺口溜。多伦县位于浑善达克沙地南缘，到北京直线距离只有180多公里。每当刮风的时候，沙尘从高处倾泻而下，用当地人的话来说，多伦就是“悬在首都头顶的一盆沙”。为了北方的生态安全，2000年国家紧急启动了京津风沙源治理工程。20年前黄沙漫漫，现如今绿色葱茏，浑善达克沙地森林覆盖率增加了10.3个百分点，达到23.35%，昔日的风沙源而今成为名副其实的避暑胜地。

"Pigs go to the house, sheep jump over the wall, children sit on the eaves, the ground does not produce grain, sand buries the house", this is a popular phrase in Duolun County, Inner Mongolia more than 20 years ago. Duolun County is located on the southern edge of Hunshandake Sandy Land, with a straight distance of only 180 kilometers to Beijing. When the wind blows, sand and dust pour down from high places. In the words of the local people, Duolun is "a basin of sand hanging over the head of the capital". For the sake of ecological security in the north, the state launched the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project in 2000. Twenty years ago, the yellow sand was long, but now it is green and verdant. The forest coverage rate in Hunshandake Sandy Land has increased by 10.3 percentage points to 23.35%. The former sandstorm source has now become a veritable summer resort.

三北工程累计完成造林保存面积3014万公顷，京津风沙源治理工程在内蒙古、陕西、河北、北京建成6条生态防护林带和成片森林带，退耕还林还草工程在全国范围内已实施退耕还林还草5亿多亩……在跨度几十年的时间中，完成这些浩大的生态工程，一年接着一年干、一任接着一任干、一代接着一代干，也只有社会主义的中国可以做到。

A total of 30.14 million hectares of afforestation and preservation area have been completed in the Three North Project. The Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project has built six ecological shelterbelts and patches of forest belts in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Hebei and Beijing. The project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands has implemented more than 500 million mu of farmland to forests and grasslands nationwide... In a span of several decades, these huge ecological projects have been completed year after year, year after year, generation after generation, and only socialist China can do it.

习近平总书记深刻指出，我国生态环境矛盾有一个历史积累过程，不是一天变坏的，但不能在我们手里变得越来越坏，共产党人应该有这样的胸怀和意志。中国共产党人，也只有中国共产党人，才能有这样的决心和意志，才能做到集中力量办大事，一张蓝图绘到底。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out profoundly that China's ecological environment contradictions have a historical accumulation process, which does not deteriorate in one day, but cannot become worse and worse in our hands. Communists should have such a mind and will. Only the Chinese Communists and only the Chinese Communists can have such determination and will, and can they concentrate on major issues and draw a blueprint to the end.

绿富同兴的发展机制

The Development Mechanism of Green Wealth and Prosperity

库布其沙漠，我国第七大沙漠，位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯北部。经过30多年治理，库布其沙漠林草综合植被盖度达到53%，森林覆盖率达到15.7%，开创了“绿进沙退”、大漠变绿洲的世界奇迹。

Kubuqi Desert, the seventh largest desert in China, is located in the northern Ordos of Inner Mongolia. After more than 30 years of treatment, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of forest and grass in Kubuqi Desert has reached 53% and the forest coverage rate has reached 15.7%, creating a world miracle of "green entering and sand retreating" and the desert turning into an oasis.

经过30多年治理，库布其沙漠林草综合植被盖度明显提高。在治理过程中，对沙漠腹地牧民的生态搬迁是一项重要工作。图为2020年9月14日，内蒙古鄂尔多斯市杭锦旗境内的道图嘎查牧民新村（无人机照片）。 新华社记者 连振/摄

After more than 30 years of treatment, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of forest and grass in Kubuqi Desert has increased significantly. In the process of governance, the ecological relocation of herdsmen in the hinterland of the desert is an important work. The picture shows Daotugacha Herdsmen's New Village (UAV photo) in Hangjinqi, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia on September 14, 2020. Xinhua News Agency reporter Lian Zhen/Photograph

“沙里人苦、沙里人累，满天风沙无植被；库布其穷、库布其苦，库布其孩子无书读；沙漠里进、沙漠里出，没水没粮没出路。”治沙是生存问题，也是发展课题。

"Sand people bitter, sand people tired, sand all over the sky without vegetation; Kubuqi is poor, Kubuqi is bitter, Kubuqi children have no books to read; In the desert, out of the desert, no water, no food, no way out." Sand control is a survival problem and a development topic.

依托库布其沙漠特有的自然风光和多年生态建设成果，鄂尔多斯建成了响沙湾、七星湖、恩格贝、银肯塔拉等多个生态旅游景区，形成了目前国内沙漠旅游中产品最全、覆盖客群最广的沙漠产业集群。杭锦旗独贵塔拉镇道图嘎查牧民新村，一个从库布其沙漠搬迁出来的移民新村，当地农牧民通过大力发展沙漠旅游服务业等途径，实现了从由沙致贫到因沙致富的转变。在库布其沙漠南端的达拉特旗中和西镇官井村，全村土地面积32万亩，林地总面积达到19.2万亩，其中沙柳种植面积最大，2019年村里仅沙柳苗条销售收入就达到120万元，还入选首批国家森林乡村名单，真正实现了绿富同兴。

Relying on the unique natural scenery of Kubuqi Desert and the achievements of ecological construction for many years, Erdos has built a number of ecological tourism scenic spots such as Ringshawan, Seven Star Lake, Engbei and Yinken Tara, forming a desert industry cluster with the most complete products and the widest coverage of clientele in domestic desert tourism at present. Hangjin Banner Douguitara town Daotu Gacha herdsman new village, a new village of immigrants relocated from the Kubuqi Desert, local farmers and herdsmen through the vigorous development of desert tourism services and other ways to achieve the transformation from the sand to poverty to get rich because of the sand. In the southern end of the Kubuqi Desert in the town of Dalat Banner and the West, Guanjing Village, the village land area of 320,000 mu, the total area of forest land reached 192,000 mu, of which the largest area of salix planting, the village in 2019 only salix seedling sales income reached 1.2 million yuan, but also selected for the first batch of national forest village list, the real realization of the green rich with the prosperity.

“在库布其，沙漠不是一个问题，而是被当作一个机遇，当地将人民脱贫和发展经济相结合。我们需要这样的案例为世界提供更多治沙经验。”联合国原副秘书长兼环境规划署执行主任埃里克·索尔海姆曾这样感慨。

"In Kubuqi, the desert is not a problem, but is regarded as an opportunity to combine people's poverty alleviation and economic development. We need such cases to provide the world with more experience in sand control." Eric Solheim, former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Director of UNEP, once expressed this feeling.

横亘内蒙古、陕西、宁夏的毛乌素沙地，有近1/3的面积分布在鄂尔多斯乌审旗境内。多年来，乌审旗始终把良好生态作为最普惠的民生福祉，坚持防沙治沙与产业发展有机结合，构建一产生态、二产绿色、三产低碳的融合发展体系，2019年居中国工业经济百强县第43位，农牧民生态建设收入达2400元以上。

Nearly 1/3 of the Mu Us Sandy Land, which spans Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Ningxia, is distributed in Ordos Wushen Banner. For many years, Wushen Banner has always regarded good ecology as the most inclusive welfare for people's livelihood. It has adhered to the organic combination of sand prevention and control and industrial development, and has built an integrated development system of primary production ecology, secondary production green and tertiary production low carbon. In 2019, Wushen Banner will rank 43rd in China's top 100 industrial economy counties, with farmers and herdsmen earning more than 2400 yuan from ecological construction.

习近平总书记强调，生态环境保护和经济发展不是矛盾对立的关系，而是辩证统一的关系。生态本身就是经济，保护生态就是发展生产力。党的十八大以来，内蒙古密集出台政策，在发展沙产业、生态移民、禁牧休牧、生态基础设施建设等方面给予企业和牧民直接支持，促进资金、技术等要素向生态领域聚集。

General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that ecological environment protection and economic development are not contradictory relations, but dialectical and unified relations. Ecology itself is economy, and protecting ecology is developing productive forces. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Inner Mongolia has issued intensive policies to give direct support to enterprises and herdsmen in the development of sand industry, ecological migration, grazing ban and grazing rest, ecological infrastructure construction and other aspects, and to promote the aggregation of capital, technology and other factors to the ecological field.

茫茫沙海，片片绿洲，曾经令人生畏的沙漠，正逐步转化成“美丽经济”的富矿。

The vast sand sea, oases and once formidable deserts are gradually transforming into rich mines of "beautiful economy".

沙海变绿洲的“科技密码”

"Science and Technology Code" for Shahai to Become Oasis

在库布其沙漠周边和毛乌素、浑善达克、科尔沁沙地上，到处可见各种材质做成的“四方格子”。这就是用来固沙的沙障，利用树枝、秸秆等材料在流动沙丘上扎设成方格状的挡风墙，以削弱风力的侵蚀，被统称为“风墙”，在国外被誉为“中国魔方”。

Around Kubuqi Desert and on Mu Us, Hunshandake and Horqin Sandy Land, "square lattices" made of various materials can be seen everywhere. This is the sand barrier used to fix sand. Branches, straw and other materials are used to tie checkered wind barriers on mobile sand dunes to weaken wind erosion. It is collectively referred to as "wind wall" and is known as "China Rubik's Cube" abroad.

多年来，为了将库布其沙漠变成绿洲，科技工作者与人民群众一道与风沙搏斗，不停进行试验、改良技术，逐渐找到了一条科技治沙之路。如今，当地企业运用互联网、大数据、区块链等新技术，全力打造“线上买、线下种、网上看”的植树新模式，通过无线视频技术提供林木生长的实时影像；在多年保护、引种、开发沙漠种质资源的基础上，建成了中国西北地区最大的种质资源库。在毛乌素沙地治理过程中，大力推广前挡后拉、覆膜保水、灌木树种截杆等抗旱节水造林技术，尤其是樟子松“六位一体”造林技术的应用，成活率提高至85%以上。在科尔沁沙地治理过程中，推广了机械沙障治沙、复合沙障治沙、封育基础上人工促进自然修复等技术模式。

Over the years, in order to turn the Kubuqi Desert into an oasis, science and technology workers, together with the people, have been fighting with the sand, constantly conducting experiments, improving technology, and gradually found a road to scientific and technological sand control. Today, local enterprises use the Internet, big data, blockchain and other new technologies to create a new model of "buy online, plant offline, see online" tree planting, and provide real-time images of forest growth through wireless video technology; on the basis of years of protection, seed introduction and development of desert germplasm resources, the largest germplasm resource bank in northwest China. In the process of Mao Wusu sand management, we have vigorously promoted drought and water-saving reforestation techniques such as front blocking and back pulling, film mulching and water conservation, and shrub species cut-off, especially the application of "six-in-one" reforestation technology of camphor pine, which has increased the survival rate to over 85%. In the process of management of the horqin sand, the promotion of mechanical sand barricade sand control, composite sand barricade sand control, sealing on the basis of artificial promotion of natural restoration and other technical models.

一项项科技创新，不仅提高了治沙效率和质量，更让未来荒漠化防治如虎添翼。

Scientific and technological innovations have not only improved the efficiency and quality of desertification control, but also strengthened the future desertification control.

科技创新是治理沙漠、开展生态产业服务的先导。党的十八大以来，在习近平生态文明思想的指引下，沙区各族干部群众始终以生态优先、绿色发展为导向，推动现代技术与传统经验相互支撑、相互促进，为提高防沙治沙成效提供了有力保障。

Scientific and technological innovation is the forerunner of desert control and ecological industry service. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in the sand area have always been guided by ecological priority and green development, promoting the mutual support and promotion of modern technology and traditional experience, thus providing a strong guarantee for improving the effectiveness of sand prevention and control.

习近平总书记指出，绿色发展是生态文明建设的必然要求，代表了当今科技和产业变革方向，是最有前途的发展领域。中国大力推进沙地（沙漠）生态修复治理，使部分沙地（沙漠）呈现“荒漠变绿洲”的景象，既是一条绿色发展之路，更是一条科技创新之路。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that green development is an inevitable requirement for the construction of ecological civilization, represents the direction of today's technological and industrial changes, and is the most promising development field. China has vigorously promoted the ecological restoration and management of sandy land (deserts), making some sandy land (deserts) present the scene of "desert turning into oasis". This is not only a road of green development, but also a road of scientific and technological innovation.

咬定青山不放松的精神力量

Insisting on Castle Peak's Spiritual Strength

井背塘，位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌审旗无定河镇萨拉乌苏村。走进这里，随风摆动的旱柳，葱绿敦状的沙柳，四季常青的樟子松……一个满目清幽、绿富同兴的生态庄园呈现眼前。这里就是殷玉珍创建的玉珍产业园，过去是荒无人烟、风沙肆虐的不毛之地。1985年秋，殷玉珍凭借着坚强毅力开始了治沙造林的艰辛旅程。如今，30多年过去了，树木一株一株增加，绿色一片一片延伸，穷沙窝变成金沙窝。

Wells back pond, located in Salausu Village, Wudinghe Town, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia. Into here, with the wind swinging dry willow, lush green dun-like salix, four seasons evergreen camphor pine ...... a full of seclusion, green rich with the prosperity of the ecological estate in front of the eyes. This is the Yuzhen Industrial Park created by Yin Yuzhen, which used to be a barren, sandy, barren land. 1985 autumn, Yin Yuzhen with strong perseverance began the arduous journey of sand reforestation. Now, more than 30 years have passed, trees have increased one by one, greenery has extended one by one, and the poor sand nest has become a golden sand nest.

“内蒙古干部群众60多年来坚持不懈治理毛乌素沙地，现在治理率达到70%，生态呈现整体改善态势，是很了不起的成绩！”2020年习近平总书记在参加十三届全国人大三次会议内蒙古代表团审议时，点赞毛乌素沙地治理成效。

"The cadres and masses in Inner Mongolia have persistently controlled the Mu Us Sandy Land for more than 60 years. Now the control rate has reached 70%, and the ecology has shown an overall improvement trend. This is a remarkable achievement!" In 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping praised the effectiveness of Mu Us Sandy Land Control when attending the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation to the Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress.

在内蒙古科左后旗茂道吐苏木白音茫哈嘎查，有一位老人用时间践行了“生命不息，治沙造林不止”的誓言，她就是格日乐。退休后20多年来，她请教行家、翻阅书本，不断总结治沙经验，使昔日白茫茫的沙丘变成了春有繁花、夏有绿荫、秋有硕果、冬有鸟兽的大漠绿洲。

In Maodao Tusu Baiyin Manghagacha, Kezuohou Banner, Inner Mongolia, an old man took his time to fulfill the pledge of "endless life, sand control and afforestation". She is Gerile. For more than 20 years after her retirement, she consulted experts, read books and constantly summarized her experience in sand control, turning the former white sand dunes into desert oases with numerous flowers in spring, green shade in summer, fruitful fruits in autumn and birds and animals in winter.

毛乌素沙地是我国四大沙地之一。1984年，陕西省榆林市靖边县的郭成旺承包了离家10公里处的荒沙地，带领全家常年吃住在沙地的简易房里，数十年矢志不移防沙治沙，为4.5万亩沙漠披上了绿装。左图：1998年8月，郭成旺老人带着曾孙行进在沙漠中。右图：2020年5月22日，99岁的郭成旺老人（左）与孙儿郭建军抱着当年栽下的第一棵杨树，向参观者介绍当年植树的情景。 新华社记者 陶明/摄

In 1984, Guo Chengwang of Jingbian County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, contracted a deserted sand land 10 kilometers from his home, and led his family to live and eat in a simple house in the sand all year round. Left: In August 1998, Guo Chengwang marched in the desert with his great-grandson. Right: On May 22, 2020, 99-year-old Guo Chengwang (left) and his grandson Guo Jianjun hold the first poplar tree planted back then and introduce the tree planting to visitors. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tao Ming/photo

在陕西榆林，种树已经成为一种信仰。榆林人民在与浩瀚无垠的荒漠和肆虐无情的风沙进行艰难抗争中，涌现了以牛玉琴、石光银、郭成旺、张应龙以及榆林补浪河女子民兵治沙连为代表的一大批先进人物与集体。他们为战一片黄沙、盼一星绿荫，苦苦坚守数十年，用心血和汗水在毛乌素沙地上筑起一道道“绿色长城”。

In Yulin, Shaanxi Province, planting trees has become a kind of faith. The people of Yulin have emerged a large number of advanced figures and collectives represented by Niu Yuqin, Shi Guangyin, Guo Chengwang, Zhang Yinglong and the Yulin Mending River Women's Militia Sand Control Company in their difficult struggle with the vast and boundless desert and the ruthless wind and sand. They fight for a piece of yellow sand, hope for a star green shade, hard work and perseverance for decades, with blood and sweat in the Maowusu sands to build a "Great Green Wall".

在中国的发展历程中，荒漠化防治具有独特的重要性。山西右玉县历届县委面对毛乌素沙地的不断侵蚀，坚持一张绿化蓝图绘到底，带领当地干部群众将风沙肆虐、不宜人居的不毛之地改造成了塞上绿洲。河北塞罕坝一代代务林人薪火相传，在“一年一场风，从春刮到冬，地上都是沙，百里不见树”的环境下，不畏艰难困苦，营造出世界上面积最大的人工林。甘肃古浪八步沙林场“六老汉”三代人扎根荒漠，以愚公移山的精神完成治沙造林21.7万亩，植树4000万株，成功阻挡了风沙的侵袭。新疆阿克苏各族干部群众携手奋斗，在柯柯牙实施荒漠绿化工程，实现了沙漠变林海、戈壁变果园的梦想。宁夏灵武的王有德带领职工大力推进防沙治沙，营造防风固沙林60万亩，控制流沙近百万亩，有效阻止了毛乌素沙地的南移和西扩。

In China's development history, desertification control has a unique importance. In the face of the continuous erosion of the Mawusu sands, the county committee of Yuyu County, Shanxi, insisted on drawing a greening blueprint to the end, leading local cadres and masses to transform the barren land, where sand and wind are rampant and unfit for human habitation, into an oasis on the border. Generations of foresters in Sehanba, Hebei Province, have passed on their work to create the world's largest artificial forest, despite the hardships of "one wind a year, scraping from spring to winter, sand on the ground, no trees for hundreds of miles". The six old men of Gulang Babusha Forestry Farm in Gansu have been rooted in the desert for three generations and have completed the reforestation of 217,000 mu of sand with the spirit of Yugong Yishan, planting 40 million trees and successfully blocking the attack of wind and sand. The cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in Aksu, Xinjiang, have joined hands to implement the desert greening project in Ke Ke Ya, realizing the dream of turning the desert into a sea of trees and the Gobi into an orchard. Wang Youde of Ningxia Lingwu led the workers to vigorously promote sand control and sand management, creating 600,000 mu of wind and sand forest, controlling nearly one million mu of sand flow, effectively stopping the southward and westward expansion of the Maowusu sands.

人无精神则不立，国无精神则不强。在习近平生态文明思想指引下，中华儿女将持续践行“艰苦奋斗、坚韧不拔、锲而不舍、久久为功”的治沙精神，不断探索治沙经验，在黄沙中求绿求富，努力筑牢祖国北方重要生态安全屏障，为建设美丽中国而不懈奋斗。

People do not stand without spirit, while countries do not stand without spirit. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, the Chinese people will continue to practice the sand control spirit of "hard work, perseverance, perseverance and long-term achievements", continuously explore sand control experience, seek green and wealth in yellow sand, strive to build an important ecological security barrier in the northern part of the motherland, and make unremitting efforts to build a beautiful China.

（《求是》记者 梁佩韵 侯亚景）

(Qiushi reporter Liang Peiyun and Hou Yajing)