地涌金莲新品种销售红火

The sales of new varieties of Diyong Golden Lotus are booming

地涌金莲原产并生长于我国云南地区，是一种独特的乡土植物。由于其花冠犹如从地面涌出的一朵金色莲花，被称为“来自中国的神奇美丽的花卉”。

Native to and growing in Yunnan, China, Trollius diyongensis is a unique native plant. Because its corolla is like a golden lotus blooming from the ground, it is called "a magical and beautiful flower from China".

多年来，在我国园林园艺科研工作者的努力下，地涌金莲不仅成为园林植物、实现庭院栽培，还成功获得了“佛喜金莲”“佛悦金莲”“佛乐金莲”等全球首批新品种。

Over the years, with the efforts of Chinese horticultural researchers, Diyong Jinlian has not only become a garden plant and realized courtyard cultivation, but also successfully obtained the first batch of new varieties in the world such as "Foxi Jinlian", "Foyue Jinlian" and "Fole Jinlian".

“得益于北京世园会、上海花博会的展示宣传，以及新品种‘祥瑞’在上海花博会获得金奖和网络平台上直播销售，地涌金莲新品种行情红火。目前，5000余株全部售完。”中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所研究员李正红说。

"Thanks to the exhibition and publicity of Beijing World Expo and Shanghai Flower Expo, as well as the gold medal of the new variety 'Xiangrui' in Shanghai Flower Expo and the live sales on the network platform, the new variety of Diyong Jinlian is booming. At present, more than 5,000 plants are sold out." Li Zhenghong, a researcher at the Institute of Plateau Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, said.

我国特有单种属植物

Endemic single species of plants in China

地涌金莲又名千瓣莲花、地金莲，系主要分布于云南的我国特有单种属植物，为极具区域特色的野生观赏花卉。由于其植株矮小，地上部分层层重叠、呈螺旋状排列，早春开花时，六枚苞片为一轮，金光闪闪，形如花瓣，层层由下而上逐渐展开，且鲜艳美丽而有光泽，恰如一朵盛开的莲花，因而被人们形象地称为地涌金莲。

Diyong Golden Lotus, also known as Thousand-petal Lotus and Dijin Lotus, is a unique single genus plant mainly distributed in Yunnan, and is a wild ornamental flower with regional characteristics. Because its plants are short, the above-ground parts overlap layer by layer and are arranged in a spiral shape. When it blooms in early spring, the six bracts are in a round, glittering and shaped like petals, which gradually unfold layer by layer from bottom to top, and are bright, beautiful and shiny, just like a blooming lotus flower, so it is vividly called Diyong Golden Lotus.

地涌金莲花期较长，可达250天左右，能保持较长时间不枯萎，且鲜艳美丽而有光泽。作为鲜切花，地涌金莲能保持90余天不败，其保存期限超过绝大多数鲜切花。更令人惊叹的是当它生长旺盛时，在假茎的叶腋中也能开出众多的小花朵，形成“众星捧月”的奇观。

Trollius chinensis has a long period, which can reach about 250 days. It can keep it for a long time without withering, and it is bright, beautiful and shiny. As a fresh cut flower, Diyong Jinlian can remain unbeaten for more than 90 days, and its preservation period exceeds that of most fresh cut flowers. What is even more amazing is that when it grows vigorously, many small flowers can bloom in the leaf axils of false stems, forming a spectacle of "all stars hold the moon".

据李正红介绍，地涌金莲之所以在园林绿化及居室装饰中成为颇受欢迎的植物，原因有二。

According to Li Zhenghong, there are two reasons why Diyong Jinlian has become a popular plant in landscaping and room decoration.

一是观赏价值高，盛开的地涌金莲可营造一种祥和宁静的氛围；二是地涌金莲具有较高的生态利用价值，在我国西南地区山地广泛应用发现，地涌金莲具良好的水土保持功效。同时，由于地涌金莲的叶、根状茎及假茎富含蛋白质及淀粉，人们还普遍用其作蔬菜、粮食、家畜饲料等。

First, the ornamental value is high, and the blooming golden lotus can create a peaceful and quiet atmosphere; Second, it has high ecological utilization value. It is widely used in mountainous areas of Southwest China and found that it has good soil and water conservation effect. At the same time, because its leaves, rhizomes and pseudo-stems are rich in protein and starch, people also widely use it as vegetable, grain, livestock feed and so on.

据了解，地涌金莲在西双版纳栽培得尤其多，因为该地区的傣族全民信仰南传上座部佛教，几乎每个村寨里都有佛教寺院，地涌金莲得以在寺院被广泛种植。

It is known that Diyong Jinlian is especially cultivated in Xishuangbanna, because the Dai people in this area believe in Theravada Buddhism, and almost every village has Buddhist monasteries, so Diyong Jinlian can be widely planted in monasteries.

地涌金莲虽在西南地区有广泛栽培，但其原种苞片色、叶色、株型较为单一，影响其观赏性。如果它也能如其他花一般姹紫嫣红，岂不是更好看？

Although Trollius diyongensis is widely cultivated in Southwest China, its original bract color, leaf color and plant type are relatively simple, which affects its ornamental value. Wouldn't it look better if it could be as colorful as other flowers?

乡土植物的“华丽变身”

"Gorgeous Transformation" of Native Plants

2000年，由李正红领衔的项目组在云南一处悬崖生境中发现了第一个地涌金莲野生种群。这一发现令项目组大感欣喜，因为此前国内外诸多学者认为地涌金莲野生种群可能已经灭绝。

In 2000, the project team led by Li Zhenghong discovered the first wild population of Golden Lotus in a cliff habitat in Yunnan. This discovery delighted the project team, because many scholars at home and abroad thought that the wild population of Golden Lotus in Diyong might have been extinct.

此后，研究组又发现多个野生种群及花色、叶色、株型的天然变异，其观赏价值远超原种，并具有培育更多系列新品种的潜力。

Since then, the research team has found many wild populations and natural variations of flower color, leaf color and plant type, which have far higher ornamental value than the original species and have the potential to cultivate more series of new varieties.

当时有国外植物学家评论，红苞地涌金莲的发现，大大提高了地涌金莲的观赏价值，必将引起园艺界的轰动，吸引园艺学家和园艺公司的目光。

At that time, foreign botanists commented that the discovery of Golden Lotus in Red Bract greatly improved the ornamental value of Golden Lotus in Red Bract, which would surely cause a sensation in horticulture and attract the attention of horticulturists and horticultural companies.

2009年，研究组得到国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项“地涌金莲遗传资源及新品种繁育技术研究”的资助，并开始对地涌金莲野生资源进行广泛而全面的野外调查，于云南、四川发现9个野生种群；同时对种群遗传多样性、形态变异式样、繁殖生物学、组培快繁技术、露地及设施栽培技术进行了系统及深入研究，取得了一系列技术成果。

In 2009, the research team was supported by the State Forestry Administration's forestry public welfare industry research project "Research on Genetic Resources and Breeding Technology of New Varieties of Golden Lotus", and began to conduct extensive and comprehensive field investigation on wild resources of Golden Lotus, and found 9 wild populations in Yunnan and Sichuan; At the same time, the genetic diversity, morphological variation pattern, reproductive biology, tissue culture and rapid propagation technology, open field and protected cultivation technology were systematically and deeply studied, and a series of technical achievements were obtained.

为让地涌金莲从单色变得多色，李正红带领研究组重点关注野生种群中发现的红色苞片、红色叶柄及叶脉、矮化株型等系列变异，从中选择优良突变单株，并采用组织培养繁殖方式将其特异性状保留、固定。最终筛选出“佛喜金莲”“佛悦金莲”“佛乐金莲”等地涌金莲新品种。

In order to change from monochromatic to multicolored, Li Zhenghong led the research team to focus on a series of variations such as red bracts, red petioles and veins, dwarf plant types, etc. found in wild populations, and selected excellent mutant plants, and retained and fixed their specific traits by tissue culture and propagation. Finally, new varieties of Jinlian, such as "Foxi Jinlian", "Foyue Jinlian" and "Fole Jinlian", were screened out.

2012年，这3个新品种获云南省园艺植物新品种登记注册证书，成为全球首次培育成功的地涌金莲新品种。地涌金莲完成了从乡土植物到园艺新品种的“华丽变身”。

In 2012, these three new varieties obtained the Registration Certificate of New Horticultural Plant Varieties in Yunnan Province, and became the first successfully cultivated new varieties of Golden Lotus in the world. Diyong Jinlian has completed the "gorgeous transformation" from native plants to new horticultural varieties.

产业化推广路漫漫

Industrialization promotion has a long way to go

2013年，李正红开始进行地涌金莲新品种扩繁示范种植，但因资金有限，未能形成规模，只种植了40亩、2万株。

In 2013, Li Zhenghong began to carry out demonstration planting of new varieties of Golden Lotus in Diyong. However, due to limited funds, it failed to form a scale, and only 40 mu and 20,000 plants were planted.

李正红介绍，这3个新品种株型端庄、高雅，绿叶扶疏、优美，莲座状花序苞片色彩富丽祥和，具较高观赏价值；同时具有极强耐旱和耐寒性，在城乡绿化建设和庭院美化中具有广泛的推广和应用价值。此外，这3个具有浓郁南国情调的新品种还可作为鲜切花使用，观赏期可达60余天，是高档、特色的花艺材料。

Li Zhenghong introduced that these three new varieties are dignified and elegant in plant type, with sparse and beautiful green leaves, and rosette-shaped inflorescence bracts are rich and peaceful in color and have high ornamental value; At the same time, it has strong drought resistance and cold resistance, and has wide popularization and application value in urban and rural greening construction and courtyard beautification. In addition, these three new varieties with strong southern sentiment can also be used as fresh cut flowers, and the viewing period can reach more than 60 days, which are high-grade and characteristic floral materials.

“佛喜金莲”是从地涌金莲野生种群的天然变异植株中经单株无性繁殖选育而来，为世界范围内首个地涌金莲园艺品种。这个品种株型伸展，顶部2枚叶片的叶柄背腹均为绿色，第三枚及以下叶片的叶柄背腹均为红色；群体花期4—10月，苞片腹面自顶端至基部约十分之七为橙红色，基部约十分之三为黄橙色，背面橙红色，花色鲜艳夺目。

"Foxi Jinlian" is the first horticultural variety of Diyong Jinlian in the world, which is bred from the natural variant plants of the wild population of Diyong Jinlian. The plant type of this variety is extended, the petiole dorsal abdomen of the top two leaves is green, and the petiole dorsal abdomen of the third and below leaves is red; The flowering period of the group is from April to October. About seven tenths of the ventral surface of bracts is orange-red from the top to the base, about three tenths of the base is yellow-orange, and the back is orange-red, with bright colors.

“由于缺乏市场营销专业人才，在过去的10年里，这几个新品种始终没有打开市场，我们也不敢盲目扩种，已种植的也报废了许多。”李正红颇为遗憾地说。

"Due to the lack of marketing professionals, in the past 10 years, these new varieties have never opened up the market, and we dare not blindly expand the species, and many of the plants have been scrapped." Li Zhenghong said with regret.

可喜的是，得益于北京世园会和上海花博会的展示宣传，地涌金莲新品种得到关注，特别是在上海花博会草本观赏植物类奖项评选中，新品种“祥瑞”一举夺得金奖，使其迎来热销。

Fortunately, thanks to the exhibition and publicity of Beijing World Expo and Shanghai Flower Expo, the new varieties of Diyong Golden Lotus have attracted attention, especially in the selection of herbaceous ornamental plants awards of Shanghai Flower Expo, and the new variety "Xiangrui" won the gold medal in one fell swoop, which made it sell well.

李正红表示，他还有两年就退休了，希望“接班人”争取资金支持，继续研发地涌金莲新品种；同时通过技术支持，帮助云南千瓣莲农业科技有限公司营建新品种种植基地，并开拓市场，把这一特色乡土植物做大做强。

Li Zhenghong said that he will retire in two years and hopes that the "successor" will strive for financial support and continue to develop new varieties of Jinlian; At the same time, through technical support, Yunnan Qianbailian Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. is helped to build a new variety planting base and open up the market to make this characteristic native plant bigger and stronger.