镌刻在年轮里的足迹

Footprints engraved in tree rings

江西杜鹃

Rhododendron kiangsiense

分类地位：杜鹃花科，杜鹃花属

Taxonomic position: rhododendraceae, Rhododendron

鉴别特征：灌木，高约1米；叶片革质，长圆状椭圆形；花序顶生，白色；花期4月中旬

Distinguishing features: Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall; Leaf blade leathery, oblong-elliptic; Inflorescences terminal, white; Flowering is in mid-April

生活习性：生长于海拔600—1200米的岩石绝壁灌丛中

Living habits: it grows in the rocky cliff thickets at an altitude of 600-1200 meters

井冈山杜鹃

Rhododendron jinggangshanicum

分类地位：杜鹃花科，杜鹃花属

Taxonomic position: rhododendraceae, Rhododendron

鉴别特征：常绿灌木；叶长倒披针形；总状伞形花序，花冠斜钟形，紫色；花期9月

Distinguishing features: evergreen shrub; Leaves oblanceolate; Racemose umbel, corolla obliquely campanulate, purple; Flowering in September

生活习性：生长于海拔900—1500米的山谷丛林中

Living habits: it grows in the valley jungle with an altitude of 900-1500 meters

庐山芙蓉

Hibiscus paramutabilis

分类地位：锦葵科，木槿属

Taxonomic position: Malvaceae, hibiscus

鉴别特征：落叶灌木至小乔木，高1—4米；叶掌状；花单生于枝端叶腋间，花冠白色，内面基部紫红色；花期7—8月

Distinguishing features: deciduous shrubs to dungarunga, 1-4m high; Leaves palmate; The flowers are solitary between the axils of the branches and leaves, with white corolla and purplish red base on the inner surface; Flowering period: July August

生活习性：生长于海拔850—1100米的山地灌木丛中

Living habits: it grows in mountainous shrubs with an altitude of 850-1100 meters

庐山景天

Lushan Sedum

分类地位：景天科，景天属

Taxonomic status: Sedum, Sedum

鉴别特征：多年生草本植物；叶片线形；花序伞房状，有多花；花期4—5月，果期6—7月

Identification features: perennial herbs; Blade alignment; Inflorescence corymbose, many flowered; The flowering period is from April to May and the fruiting period is from June to July

生活习性：生长于海拔800—1100米的阴湿岩石上或石墙缝口

Living habits: it grows on damp rocks or stone wall seams at an altitude of 800-1100 meters

封怀凤仙花

Fenghuai Impatiens

分类地位：凤仙花科，凤仙花属

Taxonomic position: Impatiens family, Impatiens genus

鉴别特征：一年生草本，高30—50厘米；叶膜质，互生或在茎上端密集，卵形或卵状披针形；总花梗细，单生于上部叶腋；花径3.5厘米，粉红色；花果期6—8月

Identifying features: Annual herbs, 30 - 50 cm tall; Leaves membranous, alternate or dense at upper end of stem, ovate or ovate-lanceolate; Pedicels fine, solitary in upper leaf axils; Flowers 3.5 cm in diameter, pink; Fruit and fruit period from June to August

生活习性：生长于海拔500—1000米的林缘或草地潮湿处

Living habits: it grows at the forest edge or grassland humid place with an altitude of 500-1000 meters

小溪洞杜鹃

Rhododendron in Xiaoxi cave

分类地位：杜鹃花科，杜鹃花属

Taxonomic position: rhododendraceae, Rhododendron

鉴别特征：乔木，高8—10米；叶薄革质，宽长圆状倒卵形；花8—9朵，生于顶生的总状花序上；花期5—6月

Distinguishing features: arbor, 8-10m high; The leaves are thin leathery, wide and long, round and obovate; Flowers 8-9, on terminal racemes; Flowering period may june

生活习性：生长于海拔800—1600米的混交林中

Living habits: it grows in mixed forests with an altitude of 800-1600 meters

编者按：植物是全球生物多样性和生态系统的核心组成部分，是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。我国拥有丰富的野生植物资源，是世界上植物多样性最丰富的国家之一。近年来，我国不断推进植物园的建设，为我国植物资源的保护和开发利用等提供了有效保障。目前，我国有植物园（树木园）近200个，迁地保护植物2.3万余种。

Editor's note: Plants are the core components of global biodiversity and ecosystems, and the basis for human survival and development. China has abundant wild plant resources and is one of the countries with the richest plant diversity in the world. In recent years, China has continuously promoted the construction of botanical gardens, which provides an effective guarantee for the protection, development and utilization of plant resources in China. At present, China has nearly 200 botanical gardens (arboretum), with more than 23,000 species of ex situ protected plants.

即日起，人民日报生态版推出“美丽中国·走进植物园”系列报道，关注我国各地各具特色的“植物宝库”，了解它们的发展历程，探索如何更好将植物资源的收集保存、科学研究、科普教育等结合起来，从而进一步推进植物园的建设与发展。

Ecological version from now on, the People's Daily "" beautiful China into the botanical garden series, pay attention to our country's distinctive" plant treasure ", to understand their development course, explore how to better to save plant resources collection, scientific research, popular science education, etc, thus further advance the botanical garden construction and development.

到庐山，很多人都会去中国科学院庐山植物园——这座成立于1934年的植物园，已历经80多个春秋。

To Lushan, many people will go to the lushan botanical garden of the chinese academy, which was established in 1934 and has gone through more than 80 years.

在庐山植物园正门，两根约3米高的方形石柱上，分别刻着“中国科学院”“庐山植物园”字样。这里有迁地保育的植物5500余种，其中仅珍稀濒危植物就有157种，更以研究蕨类、松柏类和杜鹃花属植物在业界闻名……

At the front gate of Lushan Botanical Garden, two square stone pillars about 3 meters high are inscribed with the words "Chinese Academy of Sciences" and "Lushan Botanical Garden" respectively. There are more than 5500 species of plants under ex situ conservation, among which 157 species are rare and endangered. It is also famous for its research on ferns, conifers and rhododendrons.

高山上建起植物园

Botanical gardens were built on high mountains

进入庐山植物园正门后不久，一幢石质建筑“科普馆”矗立眼前。馆内办公室里，一位学者正坐在办公桌前翻阅资料。

Shortly after entering the main gate of lushan Botanical Garden, a stone building "Science museum" stands in front of us. In the library office, a scholar is sitting at his desk looking through materials.

他叫胡宗刚，今年59岁，在植物园工作已有40余年。从事中国植物学历史研究的他，将植物园的历史娓娓道来：“庐山植物园的创始人是胡先骕、秦仁昌、陈封怀。他们是中国植物学的先驱，也是我们植物园的‘三老’……”

Hu Zonggang, 59, has been working at the botanical garden for more than 40 years. "The founders of Lushan Botanical Garden were Hu Xianxiao, Qin Renchang and Chen Fenghuai. They are the pioneers of Chinese botany and the 'three elders' of our botanical garden..."

庐山植物园刚成立时叫庐山森林植物园。创建初期，庐山含鄱口附近的场地和房屋被作为庐山森林植物园开办的园址。胡先骕委聘秦仁昌为第一任庐山森林植物园主任，并让陈封怀担任园艺技师。

Lushan Botanical Garden was called Lushan Forest Botanical Garden when it was just established. At the beginning of its establishment, the site and houses near Pokou were used as the site of lushan Forest Botanical Garden. Hu Xianxiao hired Qin Renchang as the first director of Lushan Forest Botanical Garden and Chen Fenghuai as horticultural technician.

尽管庐山土质肥沃，但当时在高山建园谈何容易？山上云雾缭绕、物资运送不便、冬季漫长而寒冷，这些都是植物园建设的巨大阻碍。而比恶劣的生活工作条件更难解决的问题，是人才严重不足。

Although lushan is rich in soil, it was not easy to build a garden in the high mountains. The construction of the botanical garden was greatly hindered by clouds and fog on the mountain, inconvenient transportation of materials and the long and cold winter. What is more difficult to solve than poor living and working conditions is a serious shortage of human resources.

为解决人才问题，秦仁昌将招来的技术人员等全部召集起来，在周末上技术课。秦仁昌辅导植物学理论、研究方法、拉丁文和英文等课程，相关技术人员夜晚还要自修。就这样，建设和人才培养齐头并进，温室拔地而起，修路开圃，植物园雏形初现。

To solve the talent problem, Qin Renchang will attract the technical personnel and so on all call up, on the weekend technology class. Qin renchang tutored botany theory, research methods, Latin and English, and the technicians had to study by themselves at night. In this way, construction and personnel training go hand in hand, greenhouses were built, roads were built and gardens were opened.

上世纪40年代，胡先骕发现并正式命名“水杉”这一珍奇活化石植物，引起世界植物学界重视；1978年，秦仁昌建立蕨类植物分类命名法“秦仁昌分类法”，沿用至今；陈封怀对报春花科、菊科、毛茛科以及栽培植物均有深入研究，他主编的《庐山植物园栽培植物手册》一书，总结了20余年的引种驯化成果……庐山植物园发展迅速，在学界影响力日渐提高。

In the 1940s, Hu Xian discovered and officially named metasequoia, a rare living fossil plant, which drew the attention of the botanical community around the world. In 1978, Qin Renchang established the classification and nomenclature of ferns, which is still used today. Chen Fenghuai has in-depth research on primula, compositae, buttercups and cultivated plants. His book "Manual of Cultivated Plants in Lushan Botanical Garden" summarized the achievements of introduction and domestication over 20 years... Lushan Botanical Garden is developing rapidly and its influence in the academic world is increasing day by day.

如今，植物园中心区域内，“三老墓”掩映于修竹翠柏间。按照“三老”的遗愿，他们最终长眠在了为之奋斗一生的植物园内。

Today, in the central area of the botanical Garden, the tomb of the three old men is hidden among bamboo and cypresses. According to the "three old" will, they were finally laid to rest in the botanical garden for which they had worked all their lives.

艰难困苦砺壮志

Hardship sharpens ambition

抗日战争时期，庐山植物园遭到严重破坏。1945年，陈封怀重回庐山，这时的植物园已面目全非：千亩山林已成荒山，原有的3100多种、110万株名贵树木枯萎殆尽。令人欣慰的是，最初的那20亩苗圃里的松柏在没人照顾的情况下，却依然顽强地活了下来。

During the Anti-Japanese War, lushan Botanical Garden was seriously damaged. In 1945, When Chen Fenghuai returned to Lushan, the botanical garden had changed beyond recognition: the thousand mu forest had become a barren mountain, and the original 3,100 kinds of precious trees, 1.1 million plants withered. Thankfully, the first 20 acres of conifers in the nursery have survived unattended.

1946年，为了恢复植物园，陈封怀等人开始四处筹集经费。条件相对艰苦，但一代又一代科学工作者却从未改变初衷。

In 1946, in order to restore the botanical garden, Chen fenghuai and others began to raise funds everywhere. The conditions are relatively difficult, but generations of scientists have never changed their original intention.

“我1957年从武汉大学生物系毕业便来到植物园工作，在这里一待就是一辈子。”庐山植物园植物学家赖书绅说。

"I graduated from the department of Biology at Wuhan University in 1957 and came to work at the botanical Garden. I've been here my whole life." Lushan Botanical Garden botanist Lai Shushen said.

“我那时年轻，在野外做植物调查，遇到当地老乡向我们问问题，要是回答不上来，老乡会说：你们科研人员水平太低。”说到这里，赖书绅笑了，“从那以后，这句话时刻鞭策着我，做科研要注重转化为实际价值，转化为服务百姓、服务生产生活的能力。”

"When I was young, I was doing plant surveys in the field. When a local fellow asked us a question, if he couldn't answer it, he would say: 'Your scientific researchers are too low'." "Since then, this sentence has been inspiring me all the time. When doing scientific research, we should pay attention to transforming it into practical value and the ability to serve the people and production and life."

1986年，20岁的张乐华从江西农业大学毕业，来到庐山植物园。30多年来，张乐华全身心投入杜鹃花研究中。野外科考时，他们住在老乡家里，小床挨着鸡窝，每晚睡前都要喝一点酒，再把酒涂在身上，以防到处乱蹦的跳蚤咬人。“要想找到稀有植物，必须走小路，越是人迹罕至的地方，越有我们要找的植物。”张乐华说。

In 1986, zhang Lehua graduated from Jiangxi Agricultural University at the age of 20 and came to Lushan Botanical Garden. For more than 30 years, Zhang has devoted himself to rhododendron research. In the field, they lived in the home of their fellow villagers, with a small bed next to the chicken coop. They drank a little wine before going to bed every night, and then smeared the wine on their bodies to prevent fleas from biting them. "To find rare plants, you have to take a trail, and the less traveled the place, the more plants we're looking for." Zhang Lehua said.

出生于1975年的彭焱松，2000年来到植物园，成了赖书绅的学生。让他印象最深刻的是，每逢庐山下雪，大家都要步行几个小时才能下山。“辛苦是辛苦了点，但转念一想，冬天进山，既能欣赏雪景，又能锻炼身体。”彭焱松说。

Born in 1975, Peng moved to the botanical Garden in 2000 and became Lai's student. What impressed him most was that every time it snowed, everyone had to walk for hours to get down the mountain. "It was a little hard, but then I thought, when I go to the mountains in winter, I can enjoy the snow and exercise." "Peng said.

凭着一股乐观和坚韧的劲头，张乐华、胡宗刚、彭焱松都选择留在植物园，继续自己钟爱的研究事业。“在最艰难的时候，我们总会想起前辈们的努力和付出。我们也都有一个信念，植物园一定会越来越好。”张乐华说。

With a sense of optimism and tenacity, Zhang, Hu zonggang and Peng chose to stay at the Botanical Garden and continue their research. "In the toughest times, we always think of the efforts and dedication of those who came before us. We all have a belief that the botanical garden will get better and better." Zhang Lehua said.

开拓创新启新程

Open up and innovate and embark on a new journey

晚上9点半，庐山植物园办公楼二楼，植物园主任黄宏文的办公室依然亮着灯。

At 9:30 pm, on the second floor of the office building of Lushan Botanical Garden, the office of Huang Hongwen, director of the botanical garden, was still lit.

2019年3月，江西省人民政府和中国科学院在北京正式签署共建中国科学院庐山植物园协议书。同年4月，中国科学院庐山植物园第一届理事会第一次全体会议在南昌召开，这也标志着省院共建中国科学院庐山植物园工作正式拉开序幕。

106/5000 In March 2019, the People's Government of Jiangxi Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) signed the Agreement to jointly build the Lushan Botanical Garden of CAS in Beijing. In April of the same year, the first plenary meeting of the first Council of Lushan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences was held in Nanchang, which also marked the beginning of the work of constructing Lushan Botanical Garden by Chinese Academy of Sciences.

“江西在我国东西、南北的过渡带上，对我们保护植物多样性、发挥植物学作用、服务于国家的生态文明建设有重要作用。”黄宏文告诉记者，2019年刚来工作时，植物园科技人才不足，全园专业技术人员仅57人。

"Jiangxi, on the transition zone between east and west and north and south of China, plays an important role in protecting plant diversity, bringing botany into play and serving the country's ecological civilization construction." Huang hongwen told reporters that in 2019, when he first came to work, the botanical Garden was short of scientific and technological talents, with only 57 professionals in the park.

“一定要把植物园搞起来！”来到植物园的第一年，黄宏文做的最重要的一件事，就是招聘人才。

"We must set up the botanical garden!" In his first year in the botanical garden, the most important thing Huang Hongwen did was to recruit talents.

在澳门科技大学任教的程春松来到了这里，“有国家支持，我们的园子以后一定会成为植物科学研究最重要的基地之一。”

Cheng Chunsong, who teaches at Macao University of science and technology, came here. "With the support of the state, our garden will become one of the most important bases for plant science research in the future."

在东北林业大学任教的德国学者拉尔夫慕名而来：“我的研究方向是植物表观遗传研究，庐山植物园有很好的研究平台。”

Ralph, a German scholar who teaches at Northeast Forestry University, came here with admiration: "my research direction is plant epigenetic research. Lushan Botanical Garden has a good research platform."

植物园高层次人才招聘从2019年的5名博士研究生到2021年的22名，还组建了4个研究中心、16个课题组。另一方面，科研基础条件也越来越好：数百万元的共聚焦、荧光显微镜等，价值2000万元的实验设备和实验室让所有科研人员都振奋不已。

The botanical Garden will recruit high-level talents from 5 doctoral candidates in 2019 to 22 in 2021, and also set up 4 research centers and 16 research groups. On the other hand, the basic conditions of scientific research are getting better and better: confocal microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, etc., and 20 million yuan worth of experimental equipment and laboratories have excited all the researchers.

在这样的平台上，学者们干出了不少成绩。

On such a platform, scholars have made many achievements.

“2019年，我们启动了庐山森林生态监测大样地建设。已完成庐山固定大样地首次基础调查，获得676个样点地理坐标信息，大样地内树高1.3米处胸径大于等于1厘米的木本植物名称、相对坐标、高度等信息，初步计算样地坡度、坡向、凹凸度等地理环境信息。”彭焱松介绍，“这是植物学研究的平台性基础设施，建成以后，通过对这里100—200年的监测可以对全球气候变化、植物演替和生态格局等提供非常好的参考。”

"In 2019, we launched the construction of a large sample site for forest ecological monitoring in Lushan. We have completed the first basic survey of the fixed large sample site on Lushan Mountain, and obtained the geographic coordinate information of 676 sample sites, including the names, relative coordinates and heights of woody plants with DBH greater than or equal to 1 cm at 1.3m height in the large sample site, and preliminatively calculated the slope, aspect, convexity and other geographical environment information of the sample site. "This is a platform for botanical research infrastructure. Once built, it will provide a very good reference for global climate change, plant succession and ecological patterns through monitoring for 100 to 200 years," said Peng.

产自江西的小溪洞杜鹃一度被列入世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录。张乐华先后去了井冈山多次，终于找到了仅存的一棵小溪洞杜鹃。如今，在庐山植物园的温室里，小溪洞杜鹃成功引种，毛茸茸的叶片很是可爱。

Xiedong rhododendron from Jiangxi province was once listed on the IUCN Red List of threatened Species. Zhang Lehua has gone to Jinggangshan many times, finally found the only remaining creek hole cuckoo. At present, in the greenhouse of Lushan Botanical Garden, xiaoxiudong rhododendron has been successfully introduced. Its fluffy leaves are very lovely.

黄宏文表示，未来，在学科布局和研究团队组建方面，庐山植物园将围绕江西丰富的山区植物资源，以及环鄱阳湖生态环境，努力做好“一山一水”大文章。

Huang hongwen said that in the future, in terms of discipline layout and research team formation, Lushan Botanical Garden will focus on jiangxi's rich mountain plant resources, as well as the ecological environment of Poyang Lake, and strive to do a good job of "one mountain and one water".

植物园最早的那片苗圃，如今已是园中的松柏园。这些风雪压不倒的大树，用一圈圈的年轮深深地镌刻着植物园80余年来的发展足迹，将这动人的故事讲给后来人听……（人民日报记者 朱 磊 杨颜菲）

The original nursery of the Botanical Garden is now the pine and cypress garden of the garden. These trees, with rings of trees, deeply engraved the development footprint of the botanical garden over the past 80 years, telling this moving story to future generations... (Zhu Lei and Yang Yanfei from People's Daily)