大力发展花生产业，提高国家粮油安全
Vigorously develop peanut industry, improve national grain and oil security
今年的政府工作报告提出，2023年工作重点之一是稳定粮食生产和推进乡村振兴。其中特别强调抓好油料生产，发展乡村特色产业，拓宽农民增收致富渠道。全国两会期间，第十四届全国人大代表，山东鲁花集团党委书记、董事长孙东伟带来关于“大力发展我国花生产业，提高国家粮油安全”的建议。
Stabilizing grain production and promoting rural revitalization are among the priorities for 2023, according to this year's government work report. The special emphasis is on oil production, the development of rural characteristic industries, and the expansion of farmers' income channels to get rich. During the two sessions of the 14th National People's Congress, Sun Dongwei, Party secretary and chairman of Shandong Luhua Group, brought suggestions on "vigorously developing our peanut industry and improving national grain and oil security".
孙东伟认为，2022年，我国农业实现19连丰，粮食产量达到1.3万亿斤以上，但粮食结构不平衡。让中国“油瓶子”装中国油，迫切需要通过挖掘国内油脂油料增长潜力。
Sun Dongwei believes that in 2022, China's agriculture will achieve 19 consecutive harvests and grain output will reach over 1.3 trillion jin, but the grain structure will not be balanced. It is urgent to tap the growth potential of domestic oil and oil by allowing China to put Chinese oil in the "oil bottle".
花生作为在中国种植历史长、适种范围广、种植技术成熟、加工技术领先、消费基础牢固、国内产业链自主可控的油料作物，对进口大豆有很强的替补作用，应当及早列入国家粮食安全产业振兴规划，从基地、育种、种植、贮运、加工全产业链予以政策上的支持。
Peanut, as an oil crop with a long planting history, wide range of suitable species, mature planting technology, advanced processing technology, solid consumption foundation and independent and controllable domestic industrial chain in China, has a strong substitute role for imported soybeans. It should be included in the national food security industry revitalization plan as soon as possible and provide policy support from the whole industrial chain of base, breeding, planting, storage, transportation and processing.
油料供应“多条腿”走路 大力发展花生产业
Oil supply "multiple legs" walk vigorously to develop peanut industry
花生是我国传统三大油料作物之一。目前，我国花生平均亩产在250公斤左右，国产大豆平均亩产130公斤左右；出油率方面，国产花生出油率40%左右，对比大豆出油率在16.5%左右，花生的出油率约是大豆的2.5倍。按单产量、出油率简单计算，每亩花生产出食用油可替代约5亩大豆的产油量。此外，花生粕蛋白质含量高达50%，是理想的畜牧精饲料。
Peanut is one of the three traditional oil crops. At present, peanuts on average were about 250 kg per mu in our country, the domestic soybeans on average 130 kg per mu. In terms of oil yield, the oil yield of domestic peanut is about 40%, while that of soybean is about 16.5%. The oil yield of peanut is about 2.5 times that of soybean. According to the simple calculation of single yield and oil yield, edible oil produced by peanuts can replace about 5 mu of soybean oil yield. In addition, the protein content of peanut meal is up to 50%, which is an ideal animal husbandry concentrate feed.
我国的高产花生育种近年取得了较大突破，单产走在世界前列，山东省花生研究所选育的花生品种花育系列、鲁花系列平均亩产在300公斤左右，最高亩产可超过600公斤。“在坚持扩大大豆种植面积，努力提高大豆单产的形势下，大力发展花生产业，实现油料供应‘多条腿’走路。”孙东伟提议。
The high-yielding peanut breeding in our country made a large breakthrough in recent years, single production walks in the front of the world, the peanut varieties cultivated in Shandong province flower breeding series, Lu Hua series on average per mu in about 300 kg, the highest per mu can be more than 600 kg. "Under the situation of persisting in expanding soybean planting area and striving to improve soybean yield per unit area, we will vigorously develop peanut industry and realize 'multi-legged' oil supply." Sun Dongwei proposed.
“花生产业是乡村振兴农民增收的重要途径”
"Peanut Industry is an Important Way to Revitalize Rural Areas and increase Farmers' Income"
产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重，乡村产业振兴的根本目的是促进农民增收致富。孙东伟说，促进乡村产业振兴要因地制宜，从“土、特、产”三个字上做大文章：“土”是乡土资源，不局限于良田，花生易生长，不与良田争耕地，在丘陵、山地、贫瘠干旱地区可广泛种植，并对土地有很强的涵养固氮作用，可有效改良土壤；“特”是特色、优势，我国是世界上最大的花生生产国和消费国，且花生营养价值高，非转基因，是中国特色优势油料作物；“产”是产业化，三大油料作物惟花生从种子、种植、加工、消费100%内循环。目前，花生产量约占国产油料1/3，但仅占我国油料总需求不足1/10，发展空间广阔。
Industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization, the fundamental purpose of rural revitalization is to promote farmers to increase income and get rich. Sun Dongwei said, to promote the revitalization of rural industry should be adapted to local conditions, from the "soil, special, produce" three words to make a big article: "soil" is the local resources, not limited to good fields, peanuts easy to grow, do not compete with good fields for farmland, in hilly, mountainous, arid areas can be widely planted, and has a strong conservation and nitrogen fixing effect on the land, can effectively improve soil; "Special" is the characteristics, advantage, China is the world's largest peanut producer and consumer, and peanut nutritional value is high, non-GMO, is the dominant oil crop with Chinese characteristics; "Production" is industrialization, the three oil crops only peanut from seed, planting, processing, consumption 100% internal cycle. At present, peanut output accounts for about 1/3 of domestic oil, but only accounts for less than 1/10 of the total demand for oil in our country, with broad space for development.
花生的综合经济效益高，是农业结构调整的好选择，也是农民增收致富的重要途径。花生种植具有很高的经济价值，根据种植经验，花生种植成本约为730元/亩，毛收入约2600元/亩，花生亩产种植经济效益优势明显。特别是高油酸花生，亩产比普通花生高15%-20%，种植户出售价格多0.3-0.5元/斤，每亩比普通花生增收500-700元。高油酸花生经济价值远超过普通花生品种，更高于其他油料作物，农民种植意愿强，积极性高。“花生产业是乡村振兴、农民增收致富的重要途径。”孙东伟表示。
Peanut has high comprehensive economic benefits, is a good choice for agricultural structure adjustment, and is also an important way for farmers to increase income and get rich. Peanut planting has high economic value. According to planting experience, peanut planting cost is about 730 yuan/mu, gross income is about 2600 yuan/mu, and peanut planting per mu has obvious advantages in economic benefits. In particular, the yield of high oleic acid peanuts is 15%-20% higher than that of ordinary peanuts per mu. The selling price of farmers is 0.3-0.5 yuan/jin, and the income per mu is 500-700 yuan more than that of ordinary peanuts. The economic value of peanut with high oleic acid is much higher than that of ordinary peanut varieties, and higher than other oil crops. Farmers have strong willingness and high enthusiasm to plant peanut. "The peanut industry is an important way to revitalize rural areas and increase farmers' incomes." Sun Dongwei said.
建议加强花生产业政策支持
It is suggested to strengthen the policy support of peanut industry
“小花生、大产业、重战略”。目前，花生产业存在几大发展难点，缺乏相应的政策扶持，孙东伟认为，从保证粮油安全的角度，政策层面须从战略上重视花生产业地位。
"Small growth, big industry, emphasis on strategy". At present, there are several difficulties in the development of peanut industry and the lack of corresponding policy support. Sun Dongwei believes that from the perspective of ensuring grain and oil security, the policy level should pay strategic attention to the position of peanut industry.
对此，他建议加强制度顶层设计，制定各项政策。诸如：建立国家级花生良种培育基地、国家级花生核心产区，加快出台花生良种推广补贴、加大机械化采收作业水平等政策支持，大力推进优质花生产业规模化、专业化进程。
In response, he suggested strengthening the top-level design of the system and formulating various policies. Such as: the establishment of national peanut seed cultivation base, national peanut core production areas, accelerate the introduction of peanut seed promotion subsidies, increase the level of mechanized harvesting operations and other policy support, vigorously promote the quality peanut industry scale, professional process.
“事实上，目前花生良种使用率不足20%。”孙东伟坦言，花生种植农户自留自种率在80%以上，花生品种退化问题严重，制约花生单产率。花生种植存在种子投入成本大的问题，需要国家在政策层面给予良种推广补贴支持，提高农民使用良种增产增收效益。
"In fact, the use rate of better varieties of peanuts is less than 20 percent." Sun Dongwei admitted that the rate of peanut farmers' self-cultivation was more than 80%, and the degradation of peanut varieties was serious, restricting the yield of peanut per unit area. Peanut planting has the problem of high seed input cost, which requires the state to provide subsidies for the promotion of improved varieties at the policy level, so as to improve the yield and income benefit of farmers using the improved varieties.
孙东伟提议：在花生适宜种植地区建立核心产区，如在新疆扩种花生，发挥新疆生态资源禀赋较好的优势，扩大种植面积，推广在棉花需要换茬的土地，轮作、间作花生；加强花生新品种新技术的试验示范和对农民的技术培训，推进新疆花生生产全程机械化；发挥龙头企业和专业合作组织的牵引带动作用，让更多地区融入花生产业链。
Sun Dongwei proposed: to establish core production areas in areas suitable for peanut planting, such as expanding peanut planting in Xinjiang, giving full play to the advantages of Xinjiang's better ecological resource endowment, expanding the planting area, and promoting the rotation and intercropping of peanut in the land where cotton needs to be replaced; Strengthen the experiment and demonstration of new peanut varieties and technical training of farmers, and promote the whole process mechanization of peanut production in Xinjiang; Give full play to the leading enterprises and professional cooperation organizations, so that more regions into the peanut industry chain.
“希望国家出台有效的政策支持，解决新疆花生对外运输的问题，并完善仓储、配送、包装、流通加工等综合物流服务体系。”
"It is hoped that the state will issue effective policy support to solve the problem of Xinjiang peanuts' external transportation, and improve the integrated logistics service system of warehousing, distribution, packaging, circulation and processing."
此外，针对花生采收难、制约花生大面积推广的难点，孙东伟提议可加强花生采收机械的研究，使花生采收机械适应不同采收条件，加强机械采收推广规模，切实降低农民采收难度，降低采收成本。
In addition, in view of the difficulty of peanut harvesting and restricting the large-scale promotion of peanuts, Sun Dongwei proposed to strengthen the research on peanut harvesting machinery, make peanut harvesting machinery adapt to different harvesting conditions, strengthen the scale of mechanical harvesting and promotion, effectively reduce the difficulty of farmers' harvesting and reduce the cost of harvesting.
总之，孙东伟希望通过国家的政策保障与产业化，从育种、种植、储运、加工、销售全产业补链强链，让花生产业为乡村振兴助力，提高国家粮油安全。▲ （李 安）
In short, Sun Dongwei hoped that through the national policy guarantee and industrialization, from breeding, planting, storage and transportation, processing and sales of the whole industry to strengthen the chain, so as to make the peanut industry contribute to rural revitalization and improve the national grain and oil security. ▲ (Ang Lee)
