为飞机“把脉”的无损检测团队
刹车、起落架、航线排故和飞机定检、发动机大修等领域的无损检测工作。无损检测是飞机维修工作中的一项重要工作环节，需要在不损伤飞机结构的情况下判断飞机的适航情况，也就是为飞机“把脉”。
Ameco附件/起落架大修产品事业部无损检测工段现有员工20人，承担着公司附件、轮毂刹车、起落架、航线排故和飞机定检、发动机大修等领域的无损检测工作。无损检测是飞机维修工作中的一项重要工作环节，需要在不损伤飞机结构的情况下判断飞机的适航情况，也就是为飞机“把脉”。
There are 20 employees in the NDT section of Ameco Accessories/Landing Gear Overhaul Products Division, which is responsible for NDT work in the fiel和飞机定检、发动机大修等领域的无损检测工作。无损检测是飞机维修工作中的一项重要工作环节，需要在不损伤飞机结构的情况下判断飞机的适航情况，也就是为飞机“把脉”。ds of accessories, hub brakes, landing gear, route troubleshooting, aircraft scheduled inspection and engine overhaul. Non-destructive testing is an important work link in aircraft maintenance, which needs to judge the airworthiness of aircraft without damaging its structure, that is, to "pulse" the aircraft.
在四机位机库，员工正在进行Trent700发动机叶片超声波检测
In the four-seat hangar, employees are carrying out ultrasonic inspection of Trent700 engine blades
多举措加强技能人才储备
Multi-measures to strengthen the reserve of skilled talents
“从事无损检测这个行业有‘三要’--要认真、要吃苦、要不断学习。我上周刚去成都参加考试，虽然今年年底就要退休了，但我们这个岗位的特点就是需要我们‘活到老学到老’。”无损探伤高级工程师于渤说。探伤人员培养期较长，从新入行到得到局方的生产授权和单个探伤方法的授权至少需要五年，获得授权后也非一劳永逸，而是需要不断学习，每五年就要再通过理论和实操考试，才能将这一资格认证保留下来。
"There are" three essentials "in the industry of nondestructive testing-to be serious, to endure hardships and to keep learning. I just went to Chengdu to take the exam last week. Although I will retire at the end of this year, the characteristic of our position is that we need to'live and learn '." Yu Bo, senior engineer of NDT, said. The training period of flaw detection personnel is long, and it takes at least five years from entering the industry to obtaining the production authorization of the bureau and the authorization of a single flaw detection method. After obtaining the authorization, it is not once and for all, but needs continuous learning, and it is necessary to pass the theoretical and practical examinations every five years before this qualification certification can be retained.
为了使员工尽快熟练掌握无损检测技能，工段有针对性地为每一位员工制定了年度技能培训和资格考核计划，并在工作之余对全体员工进行基础理论和实践操作培训。面对疫情带来的不利影响，工段积极和相关机构协调，在疫情趋于稳定阶段及时派遣相关人员参加资格鉴定培训和考试，为后续无损检测工作建立强大的人才和技术储备。
In order to enable employees to master nondestructive testing skills as soon as possible, the workshop section has formulated annual skills training and qualification examination plans for each employee, and trained all employees in basic theory and practical operation after work. Facing the adverse effects brought by the epidemic situation, the workshop section actively coordinated with relevant institutions, and dispatched relevant personnel to participate in qualification training and examination in time when master nondestructive testing skills as soon as possible, the workshop section has formulated annual skills training and qualification examination plans for each employee, and trained all employees in basic theory and practical operation after work. Facing the adverse effects brought by the epidemic situation, the workshop section actively coordinated with relevant institutions, and dispatched relevant personnel to participate in qualification training and examination in time when the epidemic situation tended to be stable, so as to establish a strong talent and technical reserve for the follow-up nondestructive testing work.In order to enable employees to master nondestructive testing skills as soon as possible, the workshop section has formulated annual skills training and qualification examination plans for each employethe epidemic situation tended to be stable, so as to establish a strong talent and technical reserve for the follow-up nondestructive testing work.
在荧光渗透检测车间，员工正在进行飞机附件渗透检测工序
In the fluorescence p苹果A15能征服原神？我劝你还不如买个散热背夹这波是iPad Mini 6 游戏体验最好博雯 梦晨 丰色 发自 凹非寺量子位 报道 | 公众号 QbitAI“我换电话了，你记一下”“好，你说”“iPhone 13 Pro Max 1TB 远峰蓝色”……就这么一个无厘头的段子也能登上微博热榜前10，可见iPhone新品有多火爆。预售发货前夕，iPhone13系列性能究竟如何，相信大家都很好奇。苹果官网中文版的产品介绍里，还特意用了大家喜闻乐见的玩原神来演示A15仿生芯片出色的图形性能。没想到原神就这么成了国际通用手机性能测试平台。不少用iPhone12的玩家都在吐槽，原神玩15-20分钟就会出现强制降亮度、发热、掉帧三连。这次iPhone13系列真的彻底征服原神了？跑分结果有提升，但无法征服原神在发布会上，苹果拿A15对比了同行之后表示：比最强的竞争对手（leading competition）强50%。而安卓阵营的顶流芯片们在跑分结果上也确实比不过A15：那么我们就主要来看一下A15与自家产品的差距。先来看看原神最吃的GPU性能。对比上一代的A14，5核GPU版的A15（13 Pro、13 Pro Max）大概有32%的提升，4核GPU版的A15（13、13 Mini）则提高了15%：△根据3D Mark数据整理而对于CPU，A15在单核CPU性能上比A14提高了10%，在多核CPU性能上则提高18%：△根据Geekbench数据整理不过这个提高……说牙膏肯定是冤枉了，但确实也不算很大。毕竟，不超过20%的理论性能提升肯定是不能让游戏帧数直接从40飙到60的。△数据来自PerfDog当然，跑分结果只反映一款芯片的峰值性能，接下来我们正式进入游戏。室温限定在25℃左右，连上WIFI，把特效帧率画质全部拉满。做完这些准备工作后，作为老旅行者的B站Up主鹅板凳，制定了一条非常贴近玩家日常的测评路线。他先上线稻妻，在传送点附近挂机半小时。在挂机阶段，12系列（A14）在5分钟左右就会发生降频，而13系列则在8到12分钟之间出现游戏帧率的大幅波动，且同时伴随着屏幕亮度的降低：其中，13 Pro Max在降频到50帧率左右后后期还能恢复；13在帧率稳定40和稳定50之间反复横跳；13 Mini则在降到40帧之后不再波动直接开摆。而iPad Mini 6则比较恐怖：帧率几乎一直维持在60上下。挂完机开始锄大地。主要流程是欺负一下无相和骗骗花（BOSS战），再走一走有山有水的复杂地形（跑图）：在这两个阶段，iPad Mini 6由于机身大，散热快，因此在BOSS和跑图上都表现最好。而剩下三款手机在前期的BOSS战阶段基本都在60帧左右进行波动，差异不大。但在后半程跑图的平均帧率上，13和13 Mini在40上下波动，13 Pro Max则维持在40到50之间，并且能短暂恢复到60帧：对比上代产品12 Mini，搭载了A15的13系列能平均提高5到10帧的跑图帧率。（不过由于帧率波动很大，所以实际玩起来的流畅性没有特别明显的提升）在机身温度上iPad Mini 6依旧carry全场，最高温度仅36.6，其余的12和13系列的最高温度基本都在41到42度之间，发热集中在手机背部右侧贴近边框的部位：而只要在机身上加一个散热背夹，之前表现最差的iPhone12 Pro就能稳定跑出60帧（即使是在30分钟之后的实际游戏阶段）：总的来说，搭载了A15的13系列手机在性能上有一定提升，但并没有大幅优化功耗和散热。因此，要“长时间不发热、不降频、不上辅助散热”地“征服”原神，13系列手机目前还做不到。而iPad Mini 6，用的是主频被降了的A15，在游戏表现上却最好。只能说，你果的刀法是真的很精妙（狗头）。库克找谁学的刀法？这次苹果发布会上有两个不同于以往的细节值得注意。第一个，虽然芯片统一叫A15 Bionic但内部有着不同规格。iPhone四个产品线，Pro和Pro Max上的A15有5个GPU核心，普通13和Mini上只有四个。这种情况在苹果从iPhone4开始自己设计A系列芯片以来可还是头一遭。其实算上iPad Mini 6，这次A15系列内部共有3个不同版本。iPhone 13 Pro和Pro Max上用的是“满血版”，CPU单核频率3.23GHz，5个GPU核心iPhone 13和Mini上用的是“阉割版”，CPU单核频率保持一致但GPU核心砍成了4个iPad Mini 6上用的是“降频版”，CPU单核频率降到2.93GHz，5个GPU核心iPad Mini 6仰仗机身面积大散热效果好，CPU频率就不用这么高了。这精准的刀法，也不知道苹果是和英特尔学的还是和英伟达学的。第二个感觉上更微妙一点。回想一下以往的发布会，说的都是和前一代芯片相比，本代性能提升了百分之多少多少。今年口径却改成了“比最强的竞争对手（leading competition）强50%”。△发布会字幕截图知名苹果消息网站MacWorld据此提出一个观点：苹果此举是不是在弱化新芯片比旧款快不了多少这件事？从官方数据来看，A15这一系列与A14相比有不少改进。首先是制造工艺，A15采用了台积电改进版5纳米制程工艺。虽然都是5纳米，但改进后的工艺可以带来能效上的提升，也就是更省电了。然后是晶体管数量，A15集成了150亿个晶体管，比上代A14是118亿。再就是系统缓存翻倍，现在是32MB，神经引擎算力也达到了15.8TOPS。纸面数据看起来不是挺棒，为什么苹果还是心虚，不和上一代对比了？答案其实就在A14发布时的海报里。A14时CPU和GPU速度比的还是“所有其他智能手机芯片”，到了A15就成了对比友商。A14时神经引擎从8核升到16核放在海报上方正中间醒目位置，速度还快了80%。到了A15神经引擎核心数没变，速度对比也干脆不提了，直接放上最好看的绝对数值。以前不够资格上海报的新ISP图像信号处理器、新的视频编码器和解码器等也被请出来占位置。这样虽然确实是A13到A14的提升更大，但A15的海报表面上看起来也还是很棒。怎么样，学到了么？所以为什么A15性能提升并不大？说苹果学刀法的也好，挤牙膏的也罢，所以为什么要这样？难道真是因为同行没有一个能打的了[旺柴]？首先，虽然A15性能有点原地踏步，但iPhone 13的续航能力是真的上去了，不同机型提升了1.5-2.5个小时不等。所以说苹果这是拿速度换续航了？（当然这也有电池本身容量变大的原因。）其次也能看出，A14、A15这两代是在着重优化功耗。因为目前的A系列性能似乎真的已经撞到墙了，进一步地说，也是碰着半导体产业的瓶颈期了。还有一个原因是台积电新工艺还不成熟，导致良品率低，致使体质不好的A15被锁核降频再利用，也就产生了“阉割版”与“降频版”A15，给人一种挤牙膏的感觉。另外，来自半导体分析网站SemiAnalysis的一个声音则表示，苹果芯片团队的人才流失有点严重。比如2019年成立的CPU设计初创公司Nuvia，就是由苹果最重磅的芯片设计师Gerard Williams III以及两位前半导体高管创立。△ Gerard Williams III在苹果工作长达9年今年，高通以14亿美元收购了NUVIA，买的不仅是公司，更是技术和人才（包括3位联合创始以及100多位苹果工程师）。无独有偶，今年6月刚成立的另一家CPU初创公司Rivos Inc（专注于高性能RISC-V 内核），也有很多来自苹果的工程师。虽然现在不管怎么说，作为手机移动端最强芯片，苹果还是在拿着望远镜找对手。但这人才都被挖走了，未来会给人一丝隐隐的担忧吧。A16，还可以期待一波吗？orkshop, employees are carrying out the penetrant testing process of aircraft accessories
随叫随到确保生产高效运行
On-call to ensure efficient operation of production
为了满足航线抢修需要，确保航班安全正点运行，工段除了白班外，还增加了周一至周五15:00到24:00的夜班，同时周六、日也分两组人员倒班。除此之外，每个工作日的凌晨12点以后和周末17:00以后，还会安排探伤人员在家“候班”，一旦航线有需求，只要MCC一个电话，候班人员就能及时赶到现场实施探伤检查工作。
In order to meet the needs of route emergency repair and ensure the safe and punctual operation of flights, besides the day shift, the night shift from 15:00 to 24:00 from Monday to Fri到24:00的夜班，同时周六、日也分两组人员倒班。除此之外，每个工作日的凌晨12点以后和周末17:00以后，还会安排探伤人员在家“候班”，一旦航线有需求，只要MCC一个电话，候班人员就能及时赶到现场实施探伤检查工作。day was added to the section, and two groups of personnel worked shifts on Saturdays and Sundays. In addition, after 12:0g as MCC calls, the waiting personnel can arrive at the site in time to carry out flaw detection work.
即便飞机在异地发生故障，也能够做到随叫随到，毫无怨言。某年国庆假期期间，一架飞机在扬州突发故障需要执行无损检测工作。凌晨2点，MCC电话通知要求探伤人员尽快飞往扬州排故。接到通知后，正在休假的工段组长孙中秋立即赶赴单位，协调MCC和航线相关人员办理出差手续，携带探伤设备乘坐当天最早一班航班飞往扬州执行排故工作。在顺利完成飞机排故工作返京后，隔天孙中秋又来到单位执行一架空客A330飞机的定检工作。
Even if the plane breaks down in a different pl生故障，也能够做到随叫随到，毫无怨言。某年国庆假期期间，一架飞机在扬州突发故障需要执行无损检测工作。凌晨2点，MCC电话通知要求探伤人员尽快飞往扬州排故。接到ace, it can be on call without co。在顺利完成飞机排故工作返京后，隔天孙中秋又来到单位执行一架空客A330飞机的定检工作。mplaining. During the National Day holiday in a certain year, a plane broke down suddenly in Yangzhou and needed to carry out nondestructive testing. At 2 o'clock in the morning, MCC telephoned the flaw detector to fly to Yangzhou as soon as possible to troubleshoot. After receiving the notice, Sun Zhongqiu, the head of the section who was on vacation, immediately rushed to the unit, coordinated MCC and relevant personnel of the route to go through the business trip formalities, and took the flaw detection equipment to fly to Yangzhou on the earliest flight of the day to perform troubleshooting work. After successfully completing the troubleshooting work and returning to Beijing, Sun Zhongqiu came to the unit the next day to carry out the scheduled inspection of an Airbus A330 aircraft.
由于国航机群大、外站多，出差抢修对于无损检测团队来说更是家常便饭。无损探伤工程师王志强回想起他印象最深的一次出差经历,“有一次，国航内蒙分公司一架波音737飞机需要在井冈山机场执行紧急排故。我们中午到达，刚一下飞机闷热潮湿的天气就让我们体验了一把‘蒸桑拿’,我至今对当地的天气印象深刻。由于机场条件有限，排故工作需要在机坪上完成，然而大家丝毫没有因工作条件艰苦而有任何不满，大家拧作‘一股绳’，互相搭把手，很快就在当晚完成了排故工作。”
Because Air China has a large fleet and many external stations, it is common for nondestructive testing teams to travel for emergency repair. Wang Zhiqiang, a nondestructive testing engineer, recalled his most impressive business trip蒸桑拿’,我至今对当地的天气印象深刻。由于机场条件有限，排故工作需要在机坪上完. "Once, a Boeing 737 aircraft of Air China Inner Mongolia Branch needed to perform emergency troubleshooting at Jinggangshan Airport. We arrived at noon, and as soon as we got off the plane, the sweltering and humid we机需最深的一次出差经历,“有一次，国航内蒙分公司一架波音737飞机需要在井冈山机场执行紧急排故。我们中午到达，刚一下飞机闷热潮湿的天气就让我们体验了一把‘蒸桑拿’,我至今对当地的天气印象深刻。由于机场条件有限，排故工作需要在井冈山机场执行紧急排故。我们中午到达，刚一下飞机闷热潮湿的天气就让我们体验了ather let us experience a sauna. I have been deeply impressed by the local weather so far. Due to the limited airport conditions, the troubleshooting work needs to be completed on the apron. However, everyone did not have any dissatisfaction because of the difficult working conditions. Everyone twisted into a "rope" and gave each other a hand, and quickly completed the troubleshooting work that night. "
精益生产工序满足出场周期
Lean production process meeuse, and I will feed back the problems encountered in actual oper设计者以及渗透车间的布局者之一，“渗透生产线投用后一直在不断完善，我会把在实际操作中遇到的问题及时反馈给工程师，一起探讨如何优化检测工作流程。我们马上要引进一台新设备，设备投入使用后不但检测效率进一步提高，操作人员安全性和工作完成质量也将得到提升，为维修周期提供坚实保障。”ation to the engineers in time to discuss how to optimize the inspection workflow together. We are about to introduce a new equipment. After the equipment ts the exit cycle
当走进荧光渗透车间，首先映入眼帘的是每一环节科学衔接的渗透生产线。无损探伤三级技术员路遥，便是这一生产线的设计者以及渗透车间的布局者之一，“渗透生产线投用后一直在不断完善，我会把在实际操作中遇到的问题及时反馈给工程师，一起探讨如何优化检测工作流程。我们马上要引进一台新设备，设备投入使用后不但检测效率进一步提高，操作人员安全性和工作完成质量也将得到提升，为维修周期提供坚实保障。”
When you walk into the fluorescence infiltration workshop, the first thing that catches your eye is益生产工序满足出 the infiltration production line with scientific connection in every link. Lu Yao, a third-level technician of NDT, is one of the designers of this production line and the layout of the infiltration workshop. "The infiltration production line has been continuously improved since it was put into is put into use, not only the detection efficiency will be further improved, but also the safety of operators and the quality of work completion will be improved, providing a solid guarantee for the maintenance cycle. "
为了保障定检飞机的出场周期，工段积极与飞机大修产品事业部沟通协调，根据工作包提前半个月完成工具设备的评估与准备。为确保准备到位，工段还与业内其它兄弟单位建立了工具设备相互借用的应急机制。工段长根据定检飞机周计划报表，建立探伤人力资源评估机制，见缝插针式配合每架定检飞机按检查进度完成检查工作。
In order to ensure the appearance cycle of scheduled inspection aircraft, thetablished an emergency mechanism for borrowing tools and equip workshop section actively communicates and coordinates with the Aircraft Overhaul Products定检飞机的出场周期，工段积极与飞机大修产品事业部沟通协调，根据工作包提前半个月完成工具设备的评估与准备。为确保准备到位，工段还与业内其它兄弟单位建立了工具设备相互借用的应急机制。工段长根据定检飞机周计划报表，建立探伤人力资源评估机制，见缝插针式配合每架定检飞机按检查进度完成检查工作。 Division, and completes the evaluation and preparation of tools and equipment half a month in advance according to the work package. In order to ensure the preparation in place, the workshop section has also esment from other brother units in the industry. According to the weekly plan report of scheduled inspection aircraft, the sectieduled inspection aircraft to complete the inspection work according to the inspection progress.
随着国航机队的不断发展和Ameco维修能力的不断加深，无损检测的工作量也在成倍增加。工段成员们齐心协力，在出色完成各项生产任务的同时，不断提升工作效率。在要件需求方面，工段制订了“急件3天内必须完成，正常件5天内必须完成”的制度。工作中，工段班组长深入一线，及时了解工作需求。为了满足起落架大修工作低维修周期、高效率的要求，工段重新评估了波音737NG、777、A320、A3221和A330起落架大修探伤工时，使每个起落架零件探伤完成时间精确到分钟，从而精准安排人力，避免探伤周期的拖延和人力的浪费。
With the continuous development of Air China's fleet and the deepening of Ameco's maintenance capability, the workload of nondestructive testing is also multiplyioverhaul, the section reevaluated the flaw detection hours of Boeing 737NG, 777, A320, A3221 and A330 landing gear overhaul, so that the flaw detecng. Members of the workshop section make concerted efforts to continuously improve work efficiency while successfully completing variou们齐心协力，在出色完成各项生产任务的同时，不断提升工作效率。在要件需求方面，工段制订了“急件3天内必须完成，正常件5天内必须完成”的制度。工作中s production tasks. In terms of requirements, the workshop section has formulated the system of "urgent parts must be completed within 3 days and normal parts must be completed within 5 d the requirements of low maintenance cycle and high efficiency of landing gear tiower and avoiding the delay of flaw detection cycle and waste of manpower.
